Acute, chronic and sublethal effects of the herbicide propanil on Daphnia magna.

Acute and chronic toxicity tests with propanil were conducted on Daphnia magna. The 24 and 48 h LC50 were 43.74 and 5.01 mg/l respectively. Chronic toxicity tests were carried out using sublethal propanil concentrations (0.07, 0.10, 0.21 and 0.55 mg/l) during 21 days. The effect of propanil on survival, reproduction and growth of D. magna organisms was monitored. The parameters used to evaluate herbicide effect on reproduction were: mean total young ones per female, mean brood size, time to first reproduction, mean number broods per female and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r). Survival and growth (body length) were also determined after 21 days of exposure to the herbicide. Reproducti…

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia

We have developed a new nonradioactive assay to identify human low-density lipoprotein receptor defects. It is based on the incubation of cultured cells with colloidal gold-LDL conjugates and quantitation of the gold associated with the cells by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. After an oxidative treatment with nitric and hydrochloric acids, the biological matrix interferes neither with the gold recovery nor with the gold measurements, which are linear, at least from 0.15 to 3 ng of gold. When cells expressing a functional LDL receptor are incubated with increasing amounts of colloidal-gold LDL conjugates, the obtained saturation curve parallels that described when [125I]LDL i…

Loss of a novel tumor suppressor gene locus at chromosome 8p is associated with leukemic mantle cell lymphoma

Abstract Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) may present with either nodal or leukemic disease. The molecular determinants underlying this different biologic behavior are not known. This study compared the pattern of genetic abnormalities in patients with nodal and leukemic phases of MCL using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for specific gene loci. Although both leukemic and nodal MCL showed similar genomic patterns of losses (involving 6q, 11q22-q23, 13q14, and 17p13) and gains (affecting 3q and 8q), genomic loss of chromosome 8p occurred more frequently in patients with leukemic disease (79% versus 11%,P < .001). Subsequent…

Physiological Perturbations in Several Generations of Daphnia magna Straus Exposed to Diazinon

Abstract Daphnia magna was exposed to sublethal diazinon concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 ng/L) for 21 days. The algae Nannochloris oculata (5×10 5 cells/mL) was used to feed the daphnids. Chronic toxicity tests were carried out using neonates of F 1 (first brood) and F 1 (third brood) offspring generations from parentals (F 0 ) preexposed to the organophosphate. The effect of diazinon on survival, reproduction, and growth was monitored for the selected daphnid generations. The parameters used to evaluate pesticide effect on reproduction were mean total young per female, mean brood size, time to first reproduction, mean number broods per female, and intrinsic rate of natural in…

In vivo inhibition of AChE activity in the European eel Anguilla anguilla exposed to technical grade fenitrothion.

European eel (Anguilla anguilla) were exposed to sublethal fenitrothion concentrations in a continuous flow-through system for 4 days. Plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was evaluated after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72 and 96 h pesticide exposure. AChE activity in the plasma of the eel decreased as concentration of fenitrothion increased. Pesticide induced significant inhibitory effects on the AChE activity of A. anguilla ranging from 51% inhibition at sublethal concentration of 0.02 ppm to 57% inhibition at sublethal concentration of 0.04 ppm. Eel were exposed to both fenitrothion concentrations for 96 h and then allowed a period of recovery in pesticide-free water. Following 1 we…

Daphnia magna feeding behavior after exposure to tetradifon and recovery from intoxication.

Abstract The feeding behavior of the cladocera Daphnia magna subjected to a short-term exposure to the acaricide tetradifon (4-chlorophenyl 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl sulfone) was studied. The experiments were performed using the unicellular algae Nannochloris oculata at a density of 5×10 5 cells/ml as food for the organisms. In a first experiment, three generations (F0, F1, and F3) of the daphnids were exposed to sublethal levels of tetradifon (0.1, 0.18, 0.22, and 0.44 mg/l) and the effect of the toxicant on filtration and ingestion rates was determined. Rates of filtration and ingestion of D. magna declined in the three generations studied with increasing toxicant concentrations; however, tox…

Thiobencarb-Induced Changes in Acetylcholinesterase Activity of the Fish Anguilla anguilla

Abstract European eels (Anguilla anguilla) were exposed to sublethal thiobencarb concentrations in a continuous flow-through system for 4 days. Brain, muscle, and gill acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were evaluated after 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h herbicide exposure. Thiobencarb induced significant inhibitory effects on the total and specific AChE activity of A. anguilla, ranging from >30–40% inhibition in eel brain and gills to >50% inhibition in muscle tissue 2 h after the initial exposure. In a second experiment, eels were exposed to thiobencarb for 96 h and then allowed a period of recovery in pesticide-free water. Following 1 week of recovery, the AChE activity of affected eels…

Pesticide Effects on Eel Metabolism

Previous works on endosulfan eel toxicology in this laboratory demonstrated that 0.041 mg/liter of endosulfan was the 50% lethal concentration of 96 hr exposure. Eels of species Anguilla anguilla were exposed to two sublethal endosulfan concentrations: 8.2 μg/liter (1/5 LC50) and 4.1 μg/liter (1/10 LC50), and the experiment was done at different exposure times: 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. Muscle glycogen content decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr exposure to 8.2 μg/liter pesticide; levels did not decline at any time when animals were exposed to 4.1 μg/liter. Muscle lactate levels in fish did not change significantly while lactate levels in eel blood increased at 12, …

Lethal toxicity of Lindane on a teleost fish,Anguilla anguillafrom albufera lake (Spain): Hardness and temperature effects

This paper reports the results of toxicity tests conducted using Anguilla anguilla under three different water temperature (15, 22 and 29 degrees C) and two hardness regimes (250 and greater than 600 ppm CaCO3). The 96-h LC50 increased in the experimental medium (p less than 0.05) by an order of magnitude from 0.32 to 0.45 mg/L between 15 and 29 degrees C. However in the natural medium it is similar (p greater than 0.05) (0.54 to 0.55 mg/L) for these same temperatures. The toxicity of Lindane on eels increased when the water hardness decreased. The 24, 48, 72 and 96-h LC50 for this fish in both media is less at 15 degrees C (96-h LC50 = 0.32 and 0.55 mg/L) than at 29 degrees C (96-h LC50 = …

Inhibition of Gill Na+,K+-ATPase Activity in the Eel,Anguilla anguilla,by Fenitrothion

European eels (Anguilla anguilla) were exposed to sublethal fenitrothion concentrations (0.02 and 0.04 mg/liter) in a continuous flow-through system for 4 days. Gill Mg2+- and Na+,K+-ATPase activities were evaluated after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 h of pesticide exposure. Results indicated that ATPase activity in gill tissue decreased as concentration of fenitrothion increased. Pesticide induced significant inhibitory effects on the Na+, K+-ATPase activity of A. anguilla, ranging from >56% inhibition at a sublethal concentration of 0.02 ppm to >73% inhibition at a sublethal concentration of 0.04 ppm. Eels were exposed to both fenitrothion concentrations for 96 h and then allowed …

Effects of propanil on the European eel Anguilla anguilla and post-exposure recovery using selected biomarkers as effect criteria

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the physiological response of Anguilla anguilla to propanil and the degree of recovery after being moved to clean water. Preliminary acute toxicity test was carried out in the laboratory and the median lethal concentration (LC50) at 96 h was calculated as 31.33 mg/L (29.60–33.59 mg/L). NOEC and LOEC values (at 96 h) were also calculated as 20 and 25 mg/L, respectively. The fish were exposed to 0.63 and 3.16 mg/L of propanil for 72 h and allowed to recover for 144 h. Total proteins (TPs), γ -glutamil transpeptidase ( γ -GT), alanin aminotransferase (AlAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and water content (WC) were assayed i…

Sublethal Effects of an Organophosphate Insecticide on the European Eel,Anguilla anguilla

The present communication deals with the effects of fenitrothion (0.02 mg/liter) on the energy metabolism of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, and its recovery from intoxication. Various parameters such as glycogen, lactate, proteins, and glucose levels were measured in different eel tissues after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 hr of fenitrothion exposure. Subsequently, the fish were allowed recovery periods of 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, and 192 hr in clean water, and the same parameters were evaluated. Liver glycogen content showed no significant changes during the exposure time, while blood glucose levels increased markedly. Gill, liver, and blood lactate values increased during…

Effects of tetradifon on Daphnia magna during chronic exposure and alterations in the toxicity to generations pre-exposed to the pesticide.

Daphnia magna was exposed to some nominal sublethal tetradifon concentrations (0.10, 0.18, 0.22 and 0.44 mg/l) during 21 days. Chronic toxicity tests were carried out using neonates of F(1) first brood (F(1)-1st) and F(1) third brood (F(1)-3rd) offspring generations from parentals (F(0)) pre-exposed to the pesticide. The effect of tetradifon on survival, reproduction and growth was monitored for the selected daphnid generations. The parameters used to evaluate pesticide effect on reproduction were: mean total young per female, mean brood size, time to first reproduction, mean number broods per female and intrinsic rate of natural increase (r). Survival and growth (body length) were also det…

Assessment of the toxicity of a pesticide with a two-generation reproduction test using Daphnia magna.

Abstract Daphnia magna (F 0 generation) were exposed during 21 days to different diazinon concentrations. Offspring (animals from the first and third brood: F 1 (1st) and F 1 (3rd), respectively) were transferred to a free pesticide medium during a 21-day recovery period. The algae Nannochloris oculata (5×10 5 cells/ml) were used as food. In this recovery study, survival, growth and reproduction (mean total young per female, mean brood size, onset of reproduction and mean number broods per female) were assessed as individual parameters, and the intrinsic rate of natural increase ( r ) as population parameter for F 1 (1st and 3rd broods) daphnids. Reproduction as well as survival was still r…

Physiological Effects of Thiobencarb Stress in the Eel (&lt;i&gt;Anguilla anguilla&lt;/i&gt;)

ヨーロッパウナギ Anguilla anguilla の代謝系へのチオベンカルブの影響と, 中毒からの回復とを評価した. 暴露期間ならびにそれに続く非汚染水中での8日間のウナギの血漿, 筋肉, 肝臓についてグリコーゲン, 脂質およびタンパクを測定した. 暴露により血糖値の上昇が認められたが, 肝臓と筋肉におけるグリコーゲンレベルは著しく低下した. 血中の脂質は増加したが, 肝臓での脂質は顕著に減少した. タンパク質の易動化は, とくに筋肉組織で認められた. ほとんどの代謝障害は, 非汚染水へ移した8日後まで継続した. 以上のチオベンカルブの代謝系への影響はある種のストレス症状であり, 魚類の農薬ストレスを代償しようとする生理的適応の具体例と考えられた.

Response and Recovery of Brain Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the European Eel,Anguilla anguilla,Exposed to Fenitrothion

European eel (Anguilla anguilla) were exposed to sublethal fenitrothion concentrations in a continuous flow-through system for 4 days. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was evaluated after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 h pesticide exposure. Results indicated that AChE activity in eel brains decreased as the concentration of fenitrothion increased. The pesticide induced significant inhibitory effects on the AChE activity ofA. anguilla,ranging from >40% inhibition at a sublethal concentration of 0.02 ppm to >60% inhibition at a sublethal concentration of 0.04 ppm. Eel were exposed to both fenitrothion concentrations for 96 h and then allowed a period of recovery in pesticide-f…

Physiological stress responses ofAnguilla anguillato fenitrothion

The present communication deals with the effect of fenitrothion (0.04 ppm) on the carbohydrate metabolism of the european eel Anguilla anguilla and its recovery from intoxication. Analysis of various parameters such as glycogen, lactate and glucose was made on different eel tissues after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72 and 96 hr of fenitrothion exposure. Subsequently, the fish were allowed recovery periods of 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144 and 192 hr in clean water, and the same parameters were evaluated. Muscle glycogen content decreased significantly during the exposure time, while blood glucose levels increased markedly. Gill, muscle and blood lactate values increased during pesticide exposure.…

Bioconcentration and excretion of diazinon by eel.

Disturbances in energy metabolism of Daphnia magna after exposure to tebuconazole.

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the change of some biochemical parameters in the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna following exposure to the fungicide tebuconazole and to determine the most sensitive biomarker among the ones tested in this species. Four biochemical biomarkers (protein, glycogen, lipids and caloric content) were correlated with feeding behaviour studies of D. magna after fungicide exposure. Juveniles of D. magna were exposed to four sublethal concentrations of tebuconazole (0.41, 0.52, 0.71 and 1.14 mg L−1) for 5 d. Daphnid samples were taken from each test and control group at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after the start of the experiment. Tebuconazole EC50 va…

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in the eelanguilla anguilla, during short‐term exposure to diazinon

The present communication deals with the effect of diazinon (0.042 mg/L) on the energy metabolism of the european eel Anguilla anguilla. Analysis of various parameters such as glycogen, lactate and glucose was made on different eel tissues after 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr of diazinon exposure. Liver and muscle glycogen content decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 6 to 96 hr pesticide exposure. Mean blood glucose values were elevated significantly after exposure to this sublethal diazinon concentration. Liver, blood and muscle lactate levels in fish increased during all exposure time being the highest at 96 hr exposure. Diazinon intoxicated fish showed signs of pesticide poisoning as muscula…

Population dynamics in Daphnia magna as modified by chronic tetradifon stress.

Two Daphnia magna offsprings (animals from the first and third brood) whose parentals (F0-generation) were exposed during 21 days to different tetradifon (4-chlorophenyl 2,4,5-trichlophenyl sulfone) concentrations, were transferred to a pesticide free medium during 21 days (recovery period). The algae Nannochloris oculata (5 x 10(5) cells/mL) was used as food. In this recovery study, survival, growth and reproduction (mean total young per female, mean brood size, onset of reproduction and mean number broods per female) were assessed as individual parameters and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) as population parameter, for F1 generation (1st and 3rd broods). Reproduction was still …

Liver energy metabolism of Anguilla anguilla after exposure to fenitrothion.

This paper deals with the effect of fenitrothion (0.04 mg/liter) on the energy metabolism of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, and its recovery from intoxication. Various parameters such as glycogen, lactate, proteins, total lipids, and glucose in eel liver and blood were analyzed after 2, 8, 12, 24, 32, 48, 56, 72, and 96 h of fenitrothion exposure. Subsequently, the fish were allowed recovery periods of 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144, and 192 h in clean water, and the same parameters were evaluated. Liver glycogen and lipid contents decreased significantly during the exposure, while blood glucose levels increased markedly. Liver and blood lactate values increased during pesticide exposure,…

Short-term exposure to sublethal tebuconazole induces physiological impairment in male zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the physiological response of male zebrafish Danio rerio to the fungicide tebuconazole and recovery in fungicide-free water. Acute toxicity tests were carried out and the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) from 24 to 96 h was calculated. The fish were exposed to a sublethal fungicide concentration of 230 μg/L for 7 or 14 days and allowed to recover for 7 or 14 more days, respectively. Whole-body levels of vitellogenins, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, lactate and proteins as well as the activities γ-glutamil transpeptidase (γ-GT), alanin aminotransferase (AlAT), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed;…