0000000000069095

AUTHOR

Sébastien Terrat

Mapping and determinism of soil microbial community distribution across an agricultural landscape.

Article en open access; International audience; Despite the relevance of landscape, regarding the spatial patterning of microbial communities and the relative influence of environmental parameters versus human activities, few investigations have been conducted at this scale. Here, we used a systematic grid to characterize the distribution of soil microbial communities at 278 sites across a monitored agricultural landscape of 13km(2). Molecular microbial biomass was estimated by soil DNA recovery and bacterial diversity by 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. Geostatistics provided the first maps of microbial community at this scale and revealed a heterogeneous but spatially structured distribution…

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La sensibilité des communautés microbiennes à une augmentation de la température augmente quand la biodégradabilité de la ressource organique baisse

La sensibilité des communautés microbiennes à une augmentation de la température augmente quand la biodégradabilité de la ressource organique baisse. 12. Journées d'Etude des Sols

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Plateforme GenoSol : une structure logistique d'appui à la recherche sur la microbiologie des sols et de l'environnement

EA SPE GenoSol EcolDur CT3; Les communautés microbiennes du sol sont difficiles à caractériser. Ceci s’explique par une accessibilité plus ou moins importante des populations au sein d’une matrice hétérogène et structurée mais aussi par leur densité et diversité très importante qui rend difficile à résoudre l’information obtenue. Toutefois, grâce aux avancées méthodologiques qui ont eu lieu depuis une quinzaine d’années, les études d’écologie microbienne bénéficient maintenant d’une automatisation des outils moléculaires (extraction d’ADN, caractérisation du polymorphisme de l’ADN, séquençage haut débit, métagénomique, métaprotéomique…) permettant la caractérisation des ressources génétique…

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Bacterial social networks across the French National territory

EA SPE BIOME GENOSOL UB Agrosup EA SPE BIOME GENOSOL UB AgrosupEASPEBIOMEGENOSOL UB Agrosup; New generation sequencing evidenced that soil houses a huge microbial biodiversity. Based on these observations, it is now possible to better describe the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities, to study the ecological processes involved (environmental selection, dispersal limitations), and to compute the data to define the ecological attributes of soil microbial taxa. These huge datasets also offer the opportunity to study how soil microbial populations are interrelated. With this study, we revealed the first soil bacterial "social" network across French national territory based on 2,20…

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Plant genotype: a lever in the interactions between plant and its associated rhizosphere microbiome

International audience; In the context of highly pressured agricultural production using low levels of inputs, cropping strategies could take advantage of existing plant-microbiome interactions that can improve both plant growth and health. We believe that plant genetics can provide some clues to better understand the mechanisms underlying microbiome recruitment by the plant.The aims of this work were (i) to assess plant genotype effect on the rhizosphere bacterial communities in relation to the plant nutritional strategies for a core collection of 155 genotypes of Medicago truncatula and (ii) to highlight the genetic determinisms potentially associated in these interactions. To achieve the…

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Molecular biomass and MetaTaxogenomic assessment of soil microbial communities as influenced by soil DNA extraction procedure

Three soil DNA extraction procedures (homemade protocols and commercial kit) varying in their practicability were applied to contrasting soils to evaluate their efficiency in recovering: (i) soil DNA and (ii) bacterial diversity estimated by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. Significant differences in DNA yield were systematically observed between tested procedures. For certain soils, 10 times more DNA was recovered with one protocol than with the others. About 15,000 sequences of 16S rDNA were obtained for each sample which were clustered to draw rarefaction curves. These curves, as well as the PCA ordination of community composition based on OTU clustering, did not reveal any significant differenc…

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Soil microbial diversity effects on primary production and symbiotic interactions

SPEEAEcolDurGenoSolGEAPSI; The importance of telluric microorganisms linked together by trophic exchanges with plants, that sustain all ecosystems through primary production, is known. However, the role of soil microbial diversity for primary production remains controversial. A diversity decreasing was achieved, by inoculating a sterilized soil with serial dilutions of a suspension from the same non-sterilized soil, to determine the consequences of microbial diversity erosion on the growth and fitness of three plant species more or less dependent on symbionts, Medicago truncatula, Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that the impact of microbial diversity dec…

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Biogeographical design of soil microbial habitats

International audience; Since the beginning of 21th century, soil microbial diversity is intensively studied gathering ahuge knowledge at local and global scales. Nevertheless, the microbial habitats have beenpoorly investigated, limiting our ability to link biodiversity description and regulation. In our study,we used a pyrosequencing approach targeting 16S rRNA genes directly amplified from soil DNAto have a comprehensive view of soil bacterial and archaeal community composition across thelargest spatially explicit soil sampling available in France (2173 soils, area covered = 5.5x105km2). Based on the multivariate regression tree (MRT) method, we designed 16 distinctterrestrial microbial …

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Optimisation de la procédure d'extraction d'ADN des sols pour caractériser la diversité microbienne tellurique par le pyroséquençage des gènes ribosomiques

Depuis plusieurs années, les communautés microbiennes du sol (bactériennes et fongiques) sont étudiées au travers de leur ADN. Le mode d’extraction de l’ADN du sol revêt donc une importance capitale pour décrire la biodiversité microbienne. A ce jour, de nombreuses procédures d’extraction d’ADN (commerciales ou non) des sols sont disponibles et utilisées. Il est cependant difficile de comparer les résultats d’études ayant utilisés différents protocoles d’extraction. L’emploi d’une méthode d’extraction standardisée est donc devenu indispensable pour comparer les résultats de différents laboratoires, comme la norme “ISO-11063: Soil quality – Method to directly extract DNA from soil” développé…

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Bacterial "social" network in french soils : a Metagenomics insight

EA SPE BIOME GENOSOL UB Agrosup EA SPE BIOME GENOSOL UB AgrosupEASPEBIOMEGENOSOL UB Agrosup; New generation sequencing evidenced that soil houses a huge microbial biodiversity. Based on these observations, it is now possible to better describe the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities, to study the ecological processes lying behind (environmental selection, dispersal limitations), and to mine the data to define the ecological attributes of soil microbial taxa. These huge datasets also offer the opportunity to study how soil microbial populations are interrelated. The objective of this study was to design the first bacterial "social" network in french soils to characterize how b…

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Explorer les fonctions microbiennes à partir d'informations taxonomiques : un état de l'art des outils et des méthodes

National audience; À l'ère des Big Data, d’énormes quantités de données sont disponibles et constituent uneoccasion unique de développer des algorithmes de prédiction performants. En écologiemicrobienne, ce phénomène a joué un rôle majeur dans la façon dont nous abordons labiodiversité depuis l’apparition des NGS. L’étude des microbiomes environnementaux par lesoutils les méta-omiques a conduit à la découverte de nouveaux organismes, fournissant ainsiune source importante d’informations taxonomiques et fonctionnelles. L’un des futurs défis, estde réussir à associer une fonction à une diversité microbienne pour améliorer notrecompréhension des fonctions du microbiome (British Ecological Soci…

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Optimisation du pyroséquençage haut-débit pour caractériser la diversité taxonomique des communautés bactériennes des sols

Affiche, résumé; International audience; La diversité microbienne d’un sol (que l’on estime entre 100 000 et 1 000 000 d’espèces différentes par gramme de sol) est difficile à caractériser. Toutefois, d’importantes avancées en biologie moléculaire, comme le développement du pyroséquençage, ont permis d'obtenir plusieurs centaines de milliers de séquences à partir d’un ADN méta-génomique. Ces nouveaux développements permettent maintenant de caractériser la diversité des communautés microbiennes du sol en se basant sur un marqueur phylogénétique comme l'ADNr 16S, aussi appelée MetaTaxogénomique (Maron et coll., 2011). Toutefois, dans un contexte ou l’écologie microbienne du sol commence à s’a…

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Innovative tools to diagnose the impact of land use practices on soil microbial communities

International audience; Preservation and sustainable use of soil biological communities represent major challenges in the current agroecological context. Indeed, most of soil ecosystem services results from biological functions particularly driven by taxonomic and functional assemblages of microbiological communities (i.e. nutrient cycling, soil aggregation, depollution, etc.). Consequently, soil microbial communities are logical candidates as effective indicators of soil quality and sustainability. But, good biological indicators must be associated with references that encompass an operating range of measured values that allow performing the desired diagnosis. Even if numerous studies have…

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Annotation of microsporidian genomes using transcriptional signals

EA GenoSol CT3; International audience; High-quality annotation of microsporidian genomes is essential for understanding the biological processes that govern the development of these parasites. Here we present an improved structural annotation method using transcriptional DNA signals. We apply this method to re-annotate four previously annotated genomes, which allow us to detect annotation errors and identify a significant number of unpredicted genes. We then annotate the newly sequenced genome of Anncaliia algerae. A comparative genomic analysis of A. algerae permits the identification of not only microsporidian core genes, but also potentially highly expressed genes encoding membrane-asso…

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Tillage intensity and pasture in rotation effectively shape soil microbial communities at a landscape scale

International audience; Soil microorganisms are essential to agroecosystem functioning and services. Yet, we still lack information on which farming practices can effectively shape the soil microbial communities. The aim of this study was to identify the farming practices, which are most effective at positively or negatively modifying bacterial and fungal diversity while considering the soil environmental variation at a landscape scale. A long-term research study catchment (12 km2 ) representative of intensive mixed farming (livestock and crop) in Western Europe was investigated using a regular grid for soil sampling (n = 186). Farming systems on this landscape scale were described in terms…

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Apport des nouvelles générations de séquençage pour accéder à la diversité des communautés microbiennes du sol : nécessité d’un ‘pipeline’ bio-informatique pour les biologistes

Communication orale, résuméCommunication orale, résumé; La diversité microbienne d’un sol est difficile à caractériser. Ceci s’explique par une accessibilité plus ou moins importante des populations au sein d’une matrice hétérogène et structurée, mais aussi par l’incapacité à résoudre une information constituée de 100 000 à 1 000 000 d’espèces différentes par gramme de sol. Toutefois, récemment, d’importantes avancées en biologie moléculaire ont permis de mieux caractériser la diversité des communautés microbiennes du sol in situ et ce sans a priori. Ainsi, la puissance des nouvelles générations de séquençage comme le pyroséquençage permettent de travailler en haut-débit afin d’obtenir plus…

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Shifts in microbial diversity through land use intensity as drivers of carbon mineralization in soil

10 pages; International audience; Land use practices alter the biomass and structure of soil microbial communities. However, the impact of land management intensity on soil microbial diversity (i.e. richness and evenness) and consequences for functioning is still poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question by coupling molecular characterization of microbial diversity with measurements of carbon (C) mineralization in soils obtained from three locations across Europe, each representing a gradient of land management intensity under different soil and environmental conditions. Bacterial and fungal diversity were characterized by high throughput sequencing of ribosomal genes. Carbon cycl…

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Ecological networks as a promising approach to decipher the role of microbial communities in soil ecosystems

Soil ecosystem is one of major reservoirs of microbial diversity on our planet. Many biological processes and interactions take place in soil, contributing to a considerable number of ecosystem services. Recent methodological advances, e.g. high throughput sequencing, provide an extensive knowledge on soil microbial communities in terms of diversity and composition. Thanks to these technological advances, numerous studies have investigated the variation of diversity indices and taxonomic composition of microbial communities according to changes in environmental conditions. However, estimates of microbial diversity through diversity metrics calculation such as Shannon, richness, evenness ind…

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Is soil an island for bacteria ? Contribution of the soil bacterial taxa area relationship unsing new generation sequencing

EA SPE BIOME GENOSOL; International audience

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Apport des nouvelles générations de séquençage pour accéder à la diversité des communautés microbiennes du sol : nécessité d’un ‘pipeline’ bio-informatique pour les biologistes

National audience

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High microbial diversity promotes soil ecosystem functioning

ABSTRACT In soil, the link between microbial diversity and carbon transformations is challenged by the concept of functional redundancy. Here, we hypothesized that functional redundancy may decrease with increasing carbon source recalcitrance and that coupling of diversity with C cycling may change accordingly. We manipulated microbial diversity to examine how diversity decrease affects the decomposition of easily degradable (i.e., allochthonous plant residues) versus recalcitrant (i.e., autochthonous organic matter) C sources. We found that a decrease in microbial diversity (i) affected the decomposition of both autochthonous and allochthonous carbon sources, thereby reducing global CO 2 e…

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Microbial metacommunity: a METABAR coding approach

Microbial metacommunity: a METABAR coding approach. 2017 Scientific MEM days: Journées scientifiques MEM (Métaomiques et écosystèmes microbiens)

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Caractérisation de la distribution spatiale des communautés microbiennes du sol et de ses déterminants à l’échelle du paysage

International audience; Depuis plusieurs années, des approches biogéographiques ont été développées pour mieux caractériser la distribution spatiale des communautés microbiennes du sol, comprendre les processus écologiques mis en œuvre et identifier les filtres environnementaux déterminant leur diversité et leur structure. Ces approches ont été mises en œuvre à différentes échelles spatiales allant de celle de la parcelle agricole à celle d’un territoire et d’un continent. Elles ont permis de mettre en évidence que les communautés microbiennes du sol sont distribuées suivant des patterns biogéographiques non aléatoire et que ces dernières sont soumises à des processus déterministes (sélecti…

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Re-Clustering tool using an Open-Reference method that improves OTU definition

International audience; 1.Environmental microbial communities are now widely studied using metabarcoding approaches, thanks to the democratization of high‐throughput DNA sequencing technologies. The massive number of reads produced with these technologies requires bioinformatic solutions to be treated. A key step in the analysis is to cluster reads into Operational Taxonomic Units (or OTUs) and thus reduce the amount of data for downstream analyses. Due to the important impact of the clustering method on the quantity and quality of OTUs, finding an equilibrium between the reliability and time‐consuming nature of the chosen strategy is a real challenge. The present article proposes a new pos…

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BIOCOM-PIPE_AES - IDDN.FR.001.420014.000.S.C.2022.000.30100 - Agence pour la Protection des Programmes

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Le RMQS au service de l'écologie microbienne des sols français

International audience; L'écologie microbienne des sols a longtemps été reconnue comme souffrant d'un certain manque de généricité car les études ont souvent été menées à l'échelle de parcelles voire de petits territoires et avec peu de sites investigués. Il en résulte un manque de connaissances sur les processus de distribution des populations et de la régulation de la diversité microbienne à grande échelle face à des modifications environnementales dues aux usages des terres ou au changement climatique. Dans les années 2000, le RMQS, avec 2 240 sites échantillonnés sur toute la France, a représenté une opportunité unique pour étudier les micro-organismes du sol sur de grandes échelles spa…

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Atlas Français des bactéries du sol

Battle Karimi est post-doctorante dans l’UMR Agroécologie à l’INRA de Dijon et s’intéresse à l’écologie des communautés microbiennes. Elle a intégré l’équipe de recherche Biocom en 2016 afin d’analyser l’ensemble des données environnementales et microbiologiques issues du RMQS (Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols) et de les valoriser sous la forme du présent ouvrage. Elle a participé à la rédaction et à la mise en forme de la majeure partie de l’atlas, et a coordonné son avancement au sein de l’équipe d’auteurs.Nicolas Chemidlin-Prévost Bouré est maître de conférences en biologie des sols à AgroSup Dijon et membre de l’UMR Agroécologie. Spécialisé en écologie des communautés microbienn…

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Nouvelles techniques de méta-omiques pour le diagnostic de la qualité microbiologique des sols

National audience; Les nouvelles techniques de méta-omiques ont bouleversé le domaine de l’écologie microbienne, notamment grâce à l’apport des nouvelles techniques de séquençage à haut débit. Cette révolution a aussi été bénéfique en proposant des outils afin de mesurer et de réaliser des diagnostics de la qualité microbiologique des sols. Quels sont les bio-indicateurs utilisés ? Comment sont-ils étudiés et appliqués à grande échelle ? Dans cet article, seront présentées les différentes techniques de méta-omiques illustrées par des exemples validés ou en cours de validation ainsi que les développements futurs afin de répondre à l’enjeu essentiel d’une meilleure compréhension et préservati…

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Dossier : les maxi-pouvoirs des micro-organismes du sol

EABIOmEUBINRAUMR; Comment décrire le fonctionnement biologique des sols ? Quels rôles jouent les micro-organismes ? Comment les pratiques culturales influent-elles sur l’abondance et la diversité des micro-organismes ? Pour parler de ce monde souterrain encore peu connu, l’équipe de La France Agricole a fait parler plusieurs chercheurs de l’unité Agroécologie du Centre INRA de Dijon – Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Parmi eux, Lionel Ranjard et Sébastien Terrat

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Mapping, understanding and predicting soil microbial diversity across France

International audience; Microorganisms are extremely abundant and diverse in soils. Their huge diversity is central in soil functioning regarding the diversity of functions it supports (mineralization, detoxification, stability of soil…) and is more and more studied, especially in a context of increasing pressure on soil resources. Conversely to macroorganisms whose distribution on a wide scale has been studied for over a century, spatial scaling and determinism distribution of soil microorganisms on nationwide scale still needs to be documented, notably to decipher the environmental filters shaping these communities. communities were investigated at the scale of France to characterize thei…

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Long-term intake of Lacticaseibacillus helveticus enhances bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids in the mouse retina

Omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are required for the structure and function of the retina. They could also help to prevent or delay the development of retinopathies. Given the accumulating evidence showing the role of gut microbiota in regulating retinal physiology and host lipid metabolism, we evaluated the potential of long-term dietary supplementation with the Gram-positive bacterium Lacticaseibacillus helveticus strain VEL12193 to modulate the retinal n-3 PUFA content. A set of complementary approaches was used to study the impact of such a supplementation on the gut microbiota and host lipid/fatty acid (FA) metabolism. L. helv…

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How to design an efficient and robust pipeline for 16S rRNA-gene sequence analysis to improve our understanding on microbial communities?

Voici la composition du Comité d'Organisation (CO) de JOBIM 2015 Le Comité Logistique (CL) est présidé par : Philippe LEROY (UMR 1095 INRA/UBP, Unité Génétique, Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales - GDEC, Clermont-Ferrand) Eric PEYRETAILLADE (Université d'Auvergne, Unité EA-CIDAM, Clermont-Ferrand) Trois personnes clefs: Secrétariat JOBIM2015 - Manon MARTINET (LB2MN-EA.CIDAM 4678, Université d'Auvergne) Gestion Administrative - Cathy RESSOT (Direction de la Recherche de l’Innovation et de la valorisation, Université d'Auvergne) Gestion Financière - Isabelle DELPIT (Direction de la Recherche de l’Innovation et de la valorisation, Université d'Auvergne) Le Comité Scientifique (CS) est pr…

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Soil bacterial interaction networks on a wide scale

EA BIOME INRA AGROSUP UB; International audience

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Atlas français des champignons du sol

Un seul gramme de sol peut contenir plusieurs millions de champignons microscopiques !Depuis un milliard d’années d’évolution et d’adaptations, le règne des champignons est un acteur incontournable de la biodiversité de notre planète. Les champignons sont souvent observés grâce à leurs sporophores qui se développent au-dessus du sol. Ces derniers représentent pourtant seulement la pointe de l’iceberg de leur diversité car les champignons sont en réalité majoritairement présents sous forme microscopique dans nos sols. Dans cet atlas, les auteurs, qui sont des chercheurs INRAE spécialistes en écologie microbienne et en sciences du sol, dévoilent une nouvelle vision des champignons. Ils ont ré…

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Soil Bacterial and Fungal Communities of Urban Areas in France

International audience

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Distribution spatiale et traduction fonctionnelle de la diversité microbienne des sols

Le sol, après avoir longtemps été considéré comme un support de construction et de production, est maintenant légitimé comme un des derniers remparts pour la biodiversité terrestre. Parmi les organismes indigènes du sol, les microorganismes et notamment les bactéries sont les plus abondants et diversifiés avec plusieurs milliards d’individus représentant plusieurs millions d’espèces différentes par gramme de sol. De plus, ces microorganismes ont un rôle dans les cycles biogéochimiques des éléments majeurs (C, N, P…) et donc dans les services écosystèmiques que peut rendre le sol (recyclage éléments minéraux, qualité de l’atmosphère et de l’eau, production primaire…). Par conséquent, afin d’…

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Comparaison de l'arisa et du séquençage haut débit pour l'étude des processus de diversification des communautés microbiennes du sol

EA SPE EcolDur GenoSol; National audience

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Stability of soil microbial structure and activity depends on microbial diversity

Despite the central role of microbes in soil processes, empirical evidence concerning the effect of their diversity on soil stability remains controversial. Here, we addressed the ecological insurance hypothesis by examining the stability of microbial communities along a gradient of soil microbial diversity in response to mercury pollution and heat stress. Diversity was manipulated by dilution extinction approach. Structural and functional stabilities of microbial communities were assessed from patterns of genetic structure and soil respiration after the stress. Dilution led to the establishment of a consistent diversity gradient, as revealed by 454 sequencing of ribosomal genes. Diversity …

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Le séquençage massif pour caractériser la diversité microbienne des sols, standardisation et applications au sein de la plateforme GenoSol

EA SPE GenoSol EcolDur; National audience; Les microorganismes (bactéries, archées et champignons) sont les organismes les plus abondants et les plus diversifiés de la matrice sol. Ils représentent un réservoir encore largement méconnu et presque infini de ressources génétiques, fortement impliqué dans le fonctionnement biologique du sol et plus largement dans la plupart des services écosystémiques fournis par ce sol. Malgré ce rôle central dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes, nos connaissances sur la diversité génétique, taxonomique et fonctionnelle de ces microorganismes restent limitées à ce jour. Ceci s’explique essentiellement par des difficultés techniques pour accéder à ces organi…

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La vie secrète des sols français

National audience

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SOIL MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY: STATE OF THE ART AND IMPORTANCE OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES FOR FRENCH AGRICULTURAL SOILS

Soils are one of the major reservoirs of biological diversity on our planet, hosting a huge diversity of microorganisms. Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of microbial diversity in soil functions, such as nutrient cycling or pathogen management. Given the key role of soil microorganisms in the regulation of soil ecosystem functions, the environmental factors driving soil microbial diversity need to be understood. In France, we have the opportunity to benefit from a national soil survey (called the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network), which represents one of the most extensive and without a priori soil sampling survey available to date. Through several funded projects, we were …

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High-throughput sequencing of amplicons for monitoring yeast biodiversity in must and during alcoholic fermentation

Abstract We compared pyrosequencing technology with the PCR-ITS-RFLP analysis of yeast isolates and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). These methods gave divergent findings for the yeast population. DGGE was unsuitable for the quantification of biodiversity and its use for species detection was limited by the initial abundance of each species. The isolates identified by PCR-ITS-RFLP were not fully representative of the true population. For population dynamics, high-throughput sequencing technology yielded results differing in some respects from those obtained with other approaches. This study demonstrates that 454 pyrosequencing of amplicons is more relevant than other methods …

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Optimisation du pyroséquençage haut-débit pour caractériser la diversité taxonomique des communautés bactériennes des sols

La diversité microbienne d’un sol (que l’on estime à 100000 à 1000000 d’espè ces différentes par gramme de sol) est difficile à caractériser. Toutefois, d’importantes avancé es en biologie moléculaire (comme le développement du pyrosé quençage), ont permis d'obtenir plusieurs centaines de milliers de sé quences à partir d’un ADN métagénomique, permettant une meilleure caracté risation de la diversité des communautés microbiennes du sol. Toutefois, dans un contexte ou l’écologie microbienne du sol commence à s’accaparer les é chantillonnages de grande envergure (spatial et temporelle) afin de mieux hié rarchiser les processus et paramètres impliqués dans la diversification de ces communauté …

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Metabiobiote

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GnS-PIPE: an optimized bionformatic pipeline to efficiently assess microbial taxonomic diversity of complex environments using high throughput sequencing technologies

International audience; The rRNA genes (16S, 18S, ITS) are widely used to study microbial communities in soils, as they can be easily amplified from metagenomic DNA. Moreover, the recent development of high-throughput sequencing technologies allows the assessment of millions of sequences from a single metagenomic DNA. Some pipelines are already available (e.g. QIIME or Mothur) to efficiently treat such data. However, the development of bioinformatic tools must now be validated by various biological tests. This was particularly true for key steps to appraise microbial diversity and richness. Here, we present a new pipeline named GnS-PIPE, a software application performing bacterial, archaeal…

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FT-IR spectroscopy : A powerful tool for studying the inter- and intraspecific biodiversity of cultivable non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from grape must

International audience; The efficiency of the FT-IR technique for studying the inter- and intra biodiversity of cultivable non-Saccharomyces yeasts (NS) present in different must samples was examined. In first, the capacity of the technique FF-IR to study the global diversity of a given sample was compared to the pyrosequencing method, used as a reference technique. Seven different genera (Aureobasidium, Candida, Cryptococcus, Hanseniaspora, Issatchenkia, Metschnikowia and Pichia) were identified by FT-IR and also by pyrosequencing. Thirty-eight other genera were identified by pyrosequencing, but together they represented less than 6% of the average total population of 6 musts. Among the sp…

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Contrasting Spatial Patterns and Ecological Attributes of Soil Bacterial Taxa across French National Territory

EA SPE BIOME GENOSOL UB UB Agrosup EA SPE BIOME GENOSOL UB UB AgrosupEASPEBIOMEGENOSOLUB UB Agrosup; Even though recent studies have clarified the influence of environmental filters on bacterial community diversity, those constraining bacterial populations variations remain unclear. In consequence, our ability to understand the ecological attributes of soil bacteria and to predict microbial community response to environmental stress is therefore limited. Here, we characterized the bacterial community composition and the various bacterial taxonomic groups constituting the community across the French country, by using a 16x16 km systematic grid representing 1825 sites to precisely decipher th…

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Lasting effect of solid waste composts on soil microbial communities

EABIOME; Lasting effect of solid waste composts on soil microbial communities. 16. International Symposium on Microbial Ecology - ISME16

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Biogeographical patterns of soil bacterial diversity at the scale of France

EA SPE BIOME GENOSOLEASPEBIOMEGENOSOL; Biogeographical patterns of soil bacterial diversity at the scale of France. 16. International Symposium on Microbial Ecology - ISME16

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GnS-PIPE: an optimized bionformatic pipeline to efficiently assess microbial taxonomic diversity of complex environments using high throughput sequencing technologies

International audience; The rRNA genes (16S, 18S, ITS) are widely used to study microbial communities in soils, as they can be easily amplified from metagenomic DNA. Moreover, the recent development of high-throughput sequencing technologies allows the assessment of millions of sequences from a single metagenomic DNA. Some pipelines are already available (e.g. QIIME or Mothur) to efficiently treat such data. However, the development of bioinformatic tools must now be validated by various biological tests. This was particularly true for key steps to appraise microbial diversity and richness. Here, we present a new pipeline named GnS-PIPE, a software application performing bacterial, archaeal…

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Bacterial community diversity harboured by interacting species

International audience; All animals are infected by microbial partners that can be passengers or residents and influence many biological traits of their hosts. Even if important factors that structure the composition and abundance of microbial communities within and among host individuals have been recently described, such as diet, developmental stage or phylogeny, few studies have conducted cross-taxonomic comparisons, especially on host species related by trophic relationships. Here, we describe and compare the microbial communities associated with the cabbage root fly Delia radicum and its three major parasitoids: the two staphylinid beetles Aleochara bilineata and A. bipustulata and the…

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How build up soil bacterial co-occurrence networks from wide spatial scalesampling?

National audience; Although land use drives soil bacterial diversity and community structure, littleinformation about the bacterial interaction networks is available. Here, we investigatedbacterial co-occurrence networks in soils under different types of land use (forests, grasslands,crops and vineyards) by sampling 1798 sites in the French Soil Quality Monitoring Networkcovering all of France. An increase in bacterial richness was observed from forests tovineyards, whereas network complexity respectively decreased from 16,430 links to 2,046.However, the ratio of positive to negative links within the bacterial networks ranged from 2.9 inforests to 5.5 in vineyards. Networks structure was ce…

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Assessing microbial biogeography by using a metagenomic approach

EABIOmEIPMUBINRA; Soils are highly complex ecosystems and are considered as one of the Earth’s main reservoirs of biological diversity. Bacteria account for a major part of this biodiversity, and it is now clear that such microorganisms have a key role in soil functioning processes. However, environmental factors regulating the diversity of below-ground bacteria still need to be investigated, which limits our understanding of the distribution of such bacteria at various spatial scales. The overall objectives of this study were: (i) to determine the spatial patterning of bacterial community diversity in soils at a broad scale, and (ii) to rank the environmental filters most influencing this …

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