Quasi-elastic polarization-transfer measurements on the deuteron in anti-parallel kinematics

We present measurements of the polarization-transfer components in the H2(e→,e′p→) reaction, covering a previously unexplored kinematic region with large positive (anti-parallel) missing momentum, pmiss, up to 220MeV/c, and Q2=0.65 (GeV/c)2. These measurements, performed at the Mainz Microtron (MAMI), were motivated by theoretical calculations which predict small final-state interaction (FSI) effects in these kinematics, making them favorable for searching for medium modifications of bound nucleons in nuclei. We find in this kinematic region that the measured polarization-transfer components Px and Pz and their ratio agree with the theoretical calculations, which use free-proton form factor…

Primary in vivo T cell reactivity of NZB grafts in H-2 identical allogenic hosts.

By means of the Simonson GVH-assay and the popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay, the T-cell reactivity of NZB mice against H-2 identical allogenic cells was investigated in vivo and compared to that of normal mice. None of the normal mice did react, but a highly significant NZB response could be demonstrated, which did not depend on differences in Mls antigens. These in vivo results extend previous findings of a T-cell hyperreactivity of NZB mice in primary in vitro reactions. They favour the possibility that the T-cell hyperreactivity might be relevant in vivo in facilitating autoimmune responses.

Beam-normal single spin asymmetry in elastic electron scattering off 28Si and 90Zr

We report on a new measurement of the beam-normal single spin asymmetry $A_{\mathrm{n}}$ in the elastic scattering of 570 MeV transversely polarized electrons off $^{28}$Si and $^{90}$Zr at $Q^{2}=0.04\, \mathrm{GeV}^2/c^2$. The studied kinematics allow for a comprehensive comparison with former results on $^{12}$C. No significant mass dependence of the beam-normal single spin asymmetry is observed in the mass regime from $^{12}$C to $^{90}$Zr.

Measurement of the self-intermediate scattering function of suspensions of hard spherical particles near the glass transition

Dynamic light-scattering measurements are reported for suspensions at concentrations in the vicinity of the glass transition. In a mixture of identically sized but optically different particles having hard-sphere-like interactions, we project out the incoherent (or self-) intermediate scattering functions by adjusting the refractive index of the suspending liquid until scattering from the structure is suppressed. Due to polydispersity, crystallization is sufficiently slow so that good estimates of ensemble-averaged quantities can be measured for the metastable fluid states. Crystallization of the suspensions is still exploited, however, to set the volume fraction scale in terms of effective…

Third Eular Workshop on Rheumatology Research

Measurements of the induced polarization in the quasi-elastic A(e,e′p→) process in non-coplanar kinematics

Abstract We report measurements of the induced polarization P → of protons knocked out from 2H and 12C via the A ( e , e ′ p → ) reaction. We have studied the dependence of P → on two kinematic variables: the missing momentum p miss and the “off-coplanarity” angle ϕ p q between the scattering and reaction planes. For the full 360° range in ϕ p q , both the normal ( P y ) and, for the first time, the transverse ( P x ) components of the induced polarization were measured with respect to the coordinate system associated with the scattering plane. P x vanishes in coplanar kinematics, however in non-coplanar kinematics, it is on the same scale as P y . We find that the dependence on ϕ p q is si…

Measurements of the electron-helicity asymmetry in the quasi-elastic A(e→,e′p) process

Abstract We present measurements of the electron helicity asymmetry in quasi-elastic proton knockout from 2H and 12C nuclei by polarized electrons. This asymmetry depends on the fifth structure function, is antisymmetric with respect to the scattering plane, and vanishes in the absence of final-state interactions, and thus it provides a sensitive tool for their study. Our kinematics cover the full range in off-coplanarity angle ϕ p q , with a polar angle θ p q coverage up to about 8°. The missing energy resolution enabled us to determine the asymmetries for knock-out resulting in different states of the residual 11B system. We find that the helicity asymmetry for p-shell knockout from 12C d…

Measurement of CP asymmetry in Bs0 → Ds ∓K± decays

Journal of high energy physics 2018(3), 59 (2018). doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2018)059

Detector response of Cherenkov radiators for calorimetry in the energy range below 14 MeV

Abstract A study of the detector response of PbF 2  crystals and three different types of lead glass blocks to electrons from a 14-MeV beam of the Mainz Microtron MAMI is presented. For the first time, signal height, signal width, and homogeneity of the response of these Cherenkov radiators were determined for energies between 10 and 14 MeV. To complement the beam tests, optical properties of the materials, in particular measured transmittances in the near UV and visible spectrum, were studied. The measured detector responses were also compared to Monte Carlo simulations of energy-loss, light production, transport, and detection. These Cherenkov radiators are considered as active material o…

Comparison of recoil polarization in the C12(e→,e′p→) process for protons extracted from s and p shells

Abstract We present the first measurements of the double ratio of the polarization-transfer components ( P x ′ / P z ′ ) p / ( P x ′ / P z ′ ) s for knock-out protons from the s and p shells in C 12 measured by the C 12 ( e → , e ′ p → ) reaction in quasi-elastic kinematics. The data are compared to theoretical predictions in the relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation. Our results show that the differences between s- and p-shell protons, observed when compared at the same initial momentum (missing momentum), largely disappear when the comparison is done at the same proton virtuality. We observe no difference in medium modifications between protons from the s and p shells with the…

Studies of the resonance structure inD0→KS0K±π∓decays

Amplitude models are constructed to describe the resonance structure of D0→ K-π+π+π- and D0→ K+π-π-π+ decays using pp collision data collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb- 1. The largest contributions to both decay amplitudes are found to come from axial resonances, with decay modes D0→ a1(1260) +K- and D0→ K1(1270 / 1400) +π- being prominent in D0→ K-π+π+π- and D0→ K+π-π-π+, respectively. Precise measurements of the lineshape parameters and couplings of the a1(1260) +, K1(1270) - and K(1460) - resonances are made, and a quasi model-independent study of the K(1460) - resonance is performed. The coher…

Electron beam studies of light collection in a scintillating counter with embedded fibers

The light collection of several fiber configurations embedded in a box-shaped plastic scintillating counter was studied by scanning with minimum ionizing electrons. The light was read out by silicon photomultipliers at both ends. The light yield produced by the 855-MeV beam of the Mainz Microtron showed a strong dependence on the transverse distance from the beam position to the fibers. The observations were modeled by attributing the collection of indirect light inside of the counter and of direct light reaching a fiber to the total light yield. The light collection with fibers was compared to that of a scintillating counter without fibers. These studies were carried out within the develop…

Search for weakly decaying b -flavored pentaquarks

Investigations of the existence of pentaquark states containing a single $b$ (anti)quark decaying weakly into four specific final states J/$\psi K^+\pi^- p$, J/$\psi K^- \pi^- p$, J/$\psi K^- \pi^+ p$, and $J/\psi \phi (1020) p$ are reported. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0/fb in 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions acquired with the LHCb detector. Signals are not observed and upper limits are set on the product of the production cross section times branching fraction with respect to that of the $\Lambda_b$.

Studies on the mechanism of PMN activation II. by triggering the alternative pathway of complement activation

By means of cobra venom factor (CVF) it is demonstrated that the stimulation of hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMPS) of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by zymosan (Z) and dextran sulfate (DS) is caused by at least two modes of activation: (a) via activation caused by phagocytosis, (b) via activated alternative pathway of complement activation (APC). Active factors of APC presented with phagocytizable objects strongly enhance activation of PMN. The effect of APC can be observed in serum-containing as well as in serum-free cultures. It can be demonstrated that in serum-free cultures the factors of APC participating in the activation of PMN are supplied by monocytes. By the use of synthet…

T-cell hyperreactivity of NZB mice against H-2 identical cells

NZB mice serve as a model for human systemic lupus erythematodes. T-cell abnormalities in this strain have previously been described. In this paper the cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTL-p) frequencies of NZB mice against H-2 allogeneic and H-2 syngeneic cells are investigated and compared with those of the normal strain BALB/c. The CTL-p frequency in NZB lymphocytes against H-2 allogeneic cells equals that in normal mouse strains (i.e. 1/7500). The NZB anti BALB/c response is in the same order of magnitude. No corresponding BALB/c anti NZB response was elicited. The results suggest abnormally high sensitivity of NZB CTL-p to helper signals.

Operation and characterization of a windowless gas jet target in high-intensity electron beams

Abstract A cryogenic supersonic gas jet target was developed for the MAGIX experiment at the high-intensity electron accelerator MESA. It will be operated as an internal, windowless target in the energy-recovering recirculation arc of the accelerator with different target gases, e.g., hydrogen, deuterium , helium, oxygen, argon, or xenon. Detailed studies have been carried out at the existing A1 multi-spectrometer facility at the electron accelerator MAMI. This paper focuses on the developed handling procedures and diagnostic tools, and on the performance of the gas jet target under beam conditions. Considering the special features of this type of target, it proves to be well suited for a n…

Studies on the mechanism of PMN activation III. by lymphokines.

The influence of a guinea pig lymphokine preparation on the oxidative metabolism of human and guinea pig granulocytes of various sources was investigated. A dose-dependent increase of the oxidative burst following lymphokine challenge was observed. It occurred in unstimulated guinea pig peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and in prestimulated PMN obtained from the peritoneal cavity after glycogen injection as well. The lymphokine effect on the oxidative metabolism is not species-restricted because the guinea pig lymphokine preparation elicits an oxidative burst in human PMN, too. The increase caused by lymphokines is nearly of the same order of magnitude as that obtained with zymo…

Vertical Beam Polarization at MAMI

For the first time a vertically polarized electron beam has been used for physics experiments at MAMI in the energy range between 180 and 855 MeV. The beam-normal single-spin asymmetry $A_{\mathrm{n}}$, which is a direct probe of higher-order photon exchange beyond the first Born approximation, has been measured in the reaction $^{12}\mathrm C(\vec e,e')^{12}\mathrm C$. Vertical polarization orientation was necessary to measure this asymmetry with the existing experimental setup. In this paper we describe the procedure to orient the electron polarization vector vertically, and the concept of determining both its magnitude and orientation with the available setup. A sophisticated method has …

Beam-normal single spin asymmetry in elastic electron scattering off Si and Zr

We report on a new measurement of the beam-normal single spin asymmetry An in the elastic scattering of 570 MeV transversely polarized electrons off $^{28}$Si and $^{90}$Zr at Q2=0.04 GeV2/c2. The studied kinematics allow for a comprehensive comparison with former results on $^{12}$C. No significant mass dependence of the beam-normal single spin asymmetry is observed in the mass regime from $^{12}$C to $^{90}$Zr.

Studies on the mechanism of PMN activation. I. By dextran sulfates.

Evidence is presented that enhanced reduction of the dye nitroblue-tetrazolium (NBT) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) which are stimulated by dextran sulfates (DS) is not exclusively due to the phagocytosis of particles formed by NBT and DS. Not only the size of phagocytizable particles but the degree of substitution determines the acceleration of NBT-reduction. A likely cause of this acceleration is the triggering of the alternative pathway of the complement activation.

First Measurement of the $Q^2$ Dependence of the Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry for Elastic Scattering off Carbon

We report on the first Q^{2}-dependent measurement of the beam-normal single spin asymmetry A_{n} in the elastic scattering of 570 MeV vertically polarized electrons off ^{12}C. We cover the Q^{2} range between 0.02 and 0.05  GeV^{2}/c^{2} and determine A_{n} at four different Q^{2} values. The experimental results are compared to a theoretical calculation that relates A_{n} to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange amplitude. The result emphasizes that the Q^{2} behavior of A_{n} given by the ratio of the Compton to charge form factors cannot be treated independently of the target nucleus.

First study of the CP-violating phase and decay-width difference in Bs0→ψ(2S)ϕ decays

A time-dependent angular analysis of Bs0→ψ(2S)ϕ decays is performed using data recorded by the LHCb experiment. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3.0fb−1 collected during Run 1 of the LHC. The CP-violating phase and decay-width difference of the Bs0 system are measured to be ϕs=0.23−0.28+0.29±0.02rad and ΔΓs=0.066−0.044+0.041±0.007ps−1, respectively, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the first time that ϕs and ΔΓs have been measured in a decay containing the ψ(2S) resonance.

Deuteron form factor measurements at low momentum transfers

A precise measurement of the elastic electron-deuteron scattering cross section at four-momentum transfers of 0.24 fm−1 ≤ Q ≤ 2.7 fm−1 has been performed at the Mainz Microtron. In this paper we describe the utilized experimental setup and the necessary analysis procedure to precisely determine the deuteron charge form factor from these data. Finally, the deuteron charge radius rd can be extracted from an extrapolation of that form factor to Q 2 = 0.

Beam-Recoil Polarization Measurement of π0 Electroproduction on the Proton in the Region of the Roper Resonance

The helicity-dependent recoil proton polarizations P_{x}^{'} and P_{z}^{'} as well as the helicity-independent component P_{y} have been measured in the p(e[over →],e^{'}p[over →])π^{0} reaction at four-momentum transfer Q^{2}≃0.1  GeV^{2}, center-of-mass proton emission angle θ_{p}^{*}≃90°, and invariant mass W≃1440  MeV. This first precise measurement of double-polarization observables in the energy domain of the Roper resonance P_{11}(1440) by exploiting recoil polarimetry has allowed for the extraction of its scalar electroexcitation amplitude at an unprecedentedly low value of Q^{2}, establishing a powerful instrument for probing the interplay of quark and meson degrees of freedom in t…

Quantitative Untersuchungen zur Hemmung von Granulozyten- und Makrophagenfunktionen durch steroidale und nicht-steroidale Antirheumatika in vitro

Granulozyten und Makrophagen spielen eine erhebliche Rolle in der korpereigenen Abwehr und pragen grostenteils die klinische Symptomatik entzundlicher Erkrankungen. Diese Zellen zirkulieren normalerweise in einem Zustand relativer metabolischer Ruhe im peripheren Blut. Ihre Aktivitat ist sprunghaft gesteigert, wenn sie an einem entzundlichen Geschehen beteiligt sind. Hier werden sie zur Synthese und Freisetzung von Entzundungsmediatoren aktiviert und treten zum Teil in Kooperation mit T- und B-Zellen.