Multidimensional pseudo-random pulse signals and their coincidence properties

1996

Active compression-decompression resuscitation: a prospective, randomized study in a two-tiered EMS system with physicians in the field.

1996

Improved cardiopulmonary circulation with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ACD-CPR) has been demonstrated in studies using different animal models and a small number of humans in cardiac arrest (CA). However, prehospital studies have shown both positive and no extra benefit of ACD-CPR on return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), hospital admission and discharge rates. The aim of our prospective study was to compare standard manual CPR (S-CPR) with ACD-CPR as the initial technique of resuscitating patients with out-of-hospital CA, with respect to survival rates and neurological outcome. Patients with out-of-hospital CA treated by emergency medical services (EMS…

Monte Carlo simulation of crystalline polyethylene

1996

Abstract We consider here the problem of constructing an efficient algorithm for a classical Monte Carlo simulation of crystalline polyethylene with unconstrained bond lengths and angles. This macromolecular crystal presents a particular example of a system with many different energy scales, ranging from soft ones represented by nonbonded van der Waals interactions, to stiff ones, represented in particular by bond stretching. A proper sampling of all the energy scales poses a problem and it is shown that a standard Metropolis algorithm employing just local moves is not very efficient at low temperatures. As a solution it is proposed to employ also global moves consisting of displacements of…

Setting standards and implementing quality improvement in trauma care

1996

Setting standards and implementing quality improvement in trauma care needs consideration of the definitions of standards, guidelines, recommendations and the present quality of trauma care. Essential factors for consideration are the chain of survival and different intervals which may decide on patient outcome: (a) the trauma (occurrence) to trauma recognition interval which has, until now, not been taken into consideration with regard to morbidity and mortality; (b) the scene time is part of the total prehospital time which comprises rescuing the entrapped patient, preparation of the patient for treatment, and transfer to a rescue vehicle. The medical part of the scene time, however, repr…

Tuning and test of fragmentation models based on identified particles and precision event shape data

1996

Event shape and charged particle inclusive distributions are measured using 750000 decays of the $Z$ to hadrons from the DELPHI detector at LEP. These precise data allow a decisive confrontation with models of the hadronization process. Improved tunings of the JETSET ARIADNE and HERWIG parton shower models and the JETSET matrix element model are obtained by fitting the models to these DELPHI data as well as to identified particle distributions from all LEP experiments. The description of the data distributions by the models is critically reviewed with special importance attributed to identified particles.

Molecular Ribbons Containing Pyridine Rings

1996

The first synthesis of the ribbon-like compounds 6–10 is described. The new building block diethyl 2,6-bis(bromomethyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate 1 was prepared and characterized. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses indicate that these ribbon-like molecules arrange in a folded conformation, with the pyridine and benzene units being folded in a face-to-face manner, and the tosyl units of 8–10 pointing outwards. The “intramolecular self-assembly” (folding) of these molecular ribbons is primarily attributable to the energetically more favourable syn conformation of both the [3.3]metacyclophanes and the pyridinophanes.

Summary of the Beauty '96 Conference

1996

Abstract We review a few important subjects of the Beauty '96 Conference. This includes, in particular, prospects for future experiments on CP violation in B decays.

Optically Active Titanium Complexes Containing Linked Amido‐cyclopentadienyl Ligands: Their Use as Asymmetric Hydrogenation Catalysts

1996

Optically active titanium complexes of the formula Ti(η5:η1−C5R4SiMe2NCHMePh)Cl2 (R = H, Me), containing the cyclopentadienyl ligand linked to a chiral 1-phenylethylamido moiety, were synthesized and characterized in both enantiomerically pure forms. A single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of (S)()Ti(η5:η1−C5H4SiMe2NCHMePh)Cl2 shows a conformation in which the phenyl group is turned away from the metal center. NOE measurements suggest that a related structure is retained in solution. Upon activation with n-butyllithium, these complexes show hydrogenation activity toward imines with slight enantioselectivity.

Temperature imaging and image processing in the steel industry

1996

Our aim is twofold: to present our temperature measurement system based on CCD technology, which gives a linear response versus temperature, and to display two industrial applications in which our system has been involved to optimize and characterize the process. We present a short summary dealing with temperature evaluations from radiation measurements. We consider especially the problems of the surroundings, the atmosphere, and the emissivity assumption. After selecting a value for the emissivity, we show that the use of the CCD technology enables us to obtain high spatial and temporal resolution temperature imaging, and provides further information, mainly a linear response versus temper…

A Framework for Software Risk Management

1996

We present a simple, but powerful framework for software risk management. The framework synthesizes, refines, and extends current approaches to managing software risks. We illustrate its usefulness through an empirical analysis of two software development episodes involving high risks. The framework can be used as an analytical device to evaluate and improve risk management approaches and as a practical tool to shape the attention and guide the actions of risk managers.

Reduction of red-green discrimination by dopamine D1 receptor antagonists and retinal dopamine depletion

1996

AbstractReduction of wavelength discrimination ability in the 560–640 nm range, but not in the 404–540 nm range, has been demonstrated in goldfish after intravitreal injection of D1-dopamine receptor antagonists. Intravitreal injection of the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-OH-dopamine severely reduced wavelength discrimination ability in the 540–661 nm range within 3 days. Discrimination ability could be reconstituted by the Dl-agonist SKF 38393. Animals recovered from injection of 6-OH-dopamine within 14–16 days. No change of wavelength discrimination was induced by 6-OH-dopamine in the 461–540 nm range. We conclude that under photopic conditions dopamine modulates retinal mechanisms involved i…

CORRELATED BIOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN NITROGEN-STARVED EUGLENA GRACILIS1

1996

Growth of Euglena gracilis Z Pringsheim under photoheterotrophic conditions in a nitrogen-deprived medium resulted in progressive loss of chloroplastic material until total bleaching of the cells occurred. Biochemical analysis and ultrastructural observation of the first stages of the starvation process demonstrated an early lag phase (from 0 to 9 h) in which cells increased in size, followed by a period of cell division, apparently supported by the mobilization of some chloroplastic proteins such as the photosynthetic CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The degradation of the enzyme started after 9 h of starvation and was preceded by a transient concentration…

Topological classification of 4-dimensional complete intersections

1996

Let X,,(d) C C P "+r denote a complete intersection, the transversal intersection of r hypersurfaces in C P ~+r defined by r homogeneous polynomials of degrees (d l , . . . ,dr) =: d, with dld2...d,. =: d the total degree. It is well-known that the diffeomorphism type of X,,(d) is determined by n and d. In [7] and [8], Libgober and Wood showed that in dimension n -~ 2, there exist k distinct multidegrees ibr any integer k 6 N such that the corresponding complete intersections are all diffeomorphic. For n = 1,3, the diffeomorphism classification of Xn(d) is well-known by surface theory and the classification of 1-connected six-manifolds [12] respectively. For 7z = 2, at least the topological…

First Experimental Determination of the Ionization Potentials of Berkelium and Californium

1996

Transverse laser cooling of a radio-frequency bunched ion beam in the storage ring TSR

1996

Abstract We report on the observation of the indirect transverse laser cooling effect in a radio-frequency bunched beam of 7.3 MeV 9 Be + ions, stored in the Heidelberg Test Storage Ring and subject to direct longitudinal laser cooling. This bunched scheme offers particular advantages for producing ultracold beams with unprecedented phase-space densities.

Differences in psychomotor reaction time in male monozygotic twins discordant for lifetime cigarette smoking.

1996

The effects of long-term cigarette smoking on psychomotor reaction time were investigated among 8 pairs of monozygotic male twins highly discordant for lifetime smoking (means 32.4 versus 0.6 pack-years). The men had no diagnosed cardiovascular disease or other major diseases, musculoskeletal complaints, or vision problems that might interfere with reaction time testing. The twins had similar education, work, and exercise histories; alcohol and coffee consumption and exposure to solvents were examined as possible confounds. Direct comparison of cotwins also controlled for age, genetics, and possible early environmental factors. Simple and choice reaction time were measured in the dominant h…

Thin-layer affinity chromatography in analysis of protein-ligand affinity.

1996

Autoreactive CD4+ LKM-specific and anticlonotypic T-cell responses in LKM-1 antibody-positive autoimmune hepatitis

1996

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and controls were studied for their proliferative response to six overlapping synthetic peptides covering the 33-amino acid immunodominant region of cytochrome P450IID6, the main target antigen of LKM-1 antibody-positive type II AIH. PBMC from 8 of 8 type II AIH patients (100%), 6 of 12 LKM-1 antibody-negative type I AIH patients (50%), but only 4 of 31 patients with chronic hepatitis C (12.9%) reacted with a 23-amino acid LKM peptide and mainly with a shorter 18-amino acid LKM peptide. Follow-up showed that LKM-specific T-cell responses decreased after immunosuppression had started. Fine specificity, HLA …

The SMILETRAP (Stockholm-Mainz-Ion-LEvitation-TRAP) facility

1996

Described in this paper is an experimental facility which measures atomic masses by using multiply charged ions from an electron beam ion source. The ions are injected into a Penning trap and the cyclotron frequencies measured. A precision of 2×10−9 has been reached using highly charged carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neon.

A Simple Model for the Axial Thrust in V-Belt Drives

1996

Simple formulas can relate axial thrust and torque of rubber V-belt drives, taking into consideration the radial penetration of the belt.

Biportal neuroendoscopic microsurgical approaches to the subarachnoid cisterns. A cadaver study.

1996

A preclinical cadaver study was performed to develop the technique of biportal neuroendoscopic dissection in the subarachnoid space of the basal cisterns and to test the feasibility, utility, and safety of this new technique. In 23 fresh post-mortem adult human cadavers and 2 formalin-fixed adult human head specimen a total of 33 biportal endomicrosurgical dissections into and within the basal cisterns were carried out. Following suction of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space 0 degree-, 30 degrees-, and 70 degrees-lens-scopes (Aesculap AG, Tuttlingen, Germany) with outer diameters of 4.2 mm and trochars with outer diameters of 5 to 6.5 mm were introduced into the surgical field.…

Habitat geometry of benthic substrata: effects on arrival and settlement of mobile epifauna

1996

Abstract The effect of substratum complexity on the early stages of colonization by mobile epifauna was assessed through a comparative study based on the architecture of artificial substrata. We conducted field observations over 4 years, on six types of small plastic substrata placed in the low intertidal zone of an exposed rocky shore, for varied immersion periods (1, 2, 4 and 12 wk). The use of artificial substrata allowed us to manipulate independently structural and spatial features of the habitat, such as total area, amount of folds, intercepting area, total volume, and interstitial volume. The invertebrate fauna colonizing over 300 sample units was recorded, and their densities compar…

Molecular characterization of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the gymnosperm Picea abies (Norway spruce)

1996

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) genes and cDNA sequences have so far been isolated from a broad range of angiosperm but not from gymnosperm species. We constructed a cDNA library from seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and identified cDNAs coding for PEPC. A full-length PEPC cDNA was sequenced. It consists of 3522 nucleotides and has an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polypeptide (963 amino acids) with a molecular mass of 109551. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a higher similarity to the C3-form PEPC of angiosperm species (86-88%) than to the CAM and C4 forms (76-84%). The putative motif (Lys/Arg-X-X-Ser) for serine kinase, which is conserved in all angiosperm …

MITOCHONDRIOGENESIS IN MATURING SEA URCHIN OOCYTES: A COMPUTERIZED RECONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

1996

Abstract The dynamics of chondriome changes in oogenesis of the sea urchinParacentrotus lividuswere studied by electron microscopy. An oocyte-enriched fraction obtained by gonad mechanical dissociation without protease treatment was used. The shape, size and arrangement of mitochondria (Mt) in cells were quantitatively analysed on the basis of data from reconstruction experiments, with serial sections performed using a specific computer program. At all stages of oogenesis, the chondriome was shown to consist of rod-shaped Mt of various lengths and also of small amounts of globular Mt about 0.3 μm in diameter. Chondriome transformation during oogenesis is shown to involve the following proce…

A novel cell wall protein specific to the mycelial form of Yarrowia lipolytica.

1996

A cDNA clone specifying a cell wall protein was isolated from a Yarrowia lipolytica cDNA library. The cDNA library was constructed in the expression vector lambda gt 11, with the RNA isolated from actively growing mycelial cells. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that the encoded protein contains an N-terminal hydrophobic signal peptide. We have designated this protein YWP1 for Yarrowia lipolytica cell Wall Protein. Northern hybridization identified YWP1 transcript only when Y. lipolytica was growing in the mycelial form. The encoded protein seems to be covalently bound to the glucan cell wall since it is not released from the cell walls by sodium dodecyl sulphate extraction, but it is …

Measurement of inclusive K*(0)(892), phi(1020) and K-2*(0)(1430) production in hadronic Z decays

1996

The inclusive production of the neutral vector mesons K-*0(892) and phi(1020), and of the tensor meson K-2(*0)(1430), in hadronic decays of the Z has been mea sured by the DELPHI detector at LEP. The average production rates per hadronic Z decay have been determined to be 0.77 +/- 0.08 K-2(*0)(892), 0.104 +/- 0.008 phi(1020) and 0.079 +/- 0.040 K-2(*0)(1430). The ratio of the tensor-to-vector meson production yields, [K-2(*0)(1430)]/[K-*0(892)] = 0.10 +/- 0.05, is smaller than the [f(2)(1270)]/[rho(0)(770)] and [f'(2)(1525)]/[phi(1020)] ratios measured by DELPHI. The production rates and differential cross sections are compared with the predictions of JETSET 7.4 tuned to the DELPHI data and…

Development and Partial Characterization of a Human T-Lymphoblastic Leukemic (CCRF-CEM) Cell Line Resistant to Etoposide. Analysis of Possible Circum…

1996

We have selected an etoposide-resistant variant (CCRF-CEM/VP-16) of the human T-lymphoblastic CCRF-CEM leukemia for study. Resistance to the topoisomerase II (topo II) inhibitor was about 11-fold and stable. Other data revealed that the new cell line had acquired an atypical, non-P-glycoprotein overexpressing multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype with cross-resistance to other topo II inhibitors (amsacrine, doxorubicin, and mitoxantrone) and to glucocorticoids, but not to novobiocin, ICRF-187, vincristine or cisplatin. In a first instance, we assumed that altered drug-topo II interactions, based on quantitative and/or qualitative modifications of the enzyme, are a cause of resistance in the c…

Neutron-rich isotopesTi54−57

1996

The neutron-rich isotopes $^{54\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}57}\mathrm{Ti}$ and $^{58\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}60}\mathrm{Cr}$ are produced by fragmentation of a 64.5 MeV/nucleon $^{65}\mathrm{Cu}^{26+}$ beam in a 90 mg/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ $^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ target. Following particle identification by energy loss and time of flight, the radioactive decay was observed by \ensuremath{\beta} singles and \ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\gamma}-coincidence measurements. The results obtained for $^{58\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}60}\mathrm{Cr}$ are compared to previous results, whereas the decay of the $^{54\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}57}\mathrm{Ti}$ isotopes is studied here. \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray intensities and en…

Direct vapor generation Fourier transform infrared spectrometric determination of ethanol in blood

1996

Abstract A new procedure is proposed for a direct determination of ethanol in plasma and whole blood. The method is based on the injection of a discrete sample volume of 10 μl into an electrically heated Pyrex glass reactor in which, at a temperature of 90 °C, the ethanol is volatilized and introduced by means of a N 2 carrier flow inside a long-path infrared gas cell and the corresponding flow analysis recording registered as a function of time. The measurement of the area of the flow injection recording, obtained from the absorbance of the transient signal in the range 1150−950 cm −1 , allows the direct quantification of ethanol upto 2 g l −1 , with a limit of detection of 0.020 g l −1 an…

Major histocompatibility complex regulation of cytokine production.

1996

This review describes the phenomenon of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) control of cytokine production both in experimental animals and in humans. H-2 (mouse MHC) regulates which type of cytokine is selectively produced in response to the hapten trinitrophenyl (TNP). T cells from TNP-immune H-2k mice produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-5, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10, and very low levels of IL-4 on reexposure to the specific antigen in vitro. By contrast, T cells from H-2d mice produce IL-3, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-4 but very low levels of IL-2, IL-5 and IFN-gamma. As MHC-congenic matched strains (BALB/k and BALB/c) are used, th…

Single and competitive adsorption of Cd and Zn onto a granular activated carbon

1996

Single and competitive adsorption of cadmium and zinc onto granular activated carbon DARCO 12–20 mesh has been investigated. This activated carbon has been shown as an effective adsorbent for both metals. Cadmium and zinc removals increased with pH and decreased with molar metal/carbon ratio. Surface precipitation phenomena have been detected for the higher pHs and molar ratios. The adsorption process has been modelled on the surface complexation Triple Layer Model (TLM). For this purpose, the amphoteric nature of the activated carbon has been studied. Single metal adsorption data have been used to calibrate TLM parameters. A dependence of the adsorption constants on pH and molar metal/carb…

Search for pair production of heavy objects in 4-jet events at sqrt {s}$=130-136 GeV

1996

Results are presented of a search for pair production of heavy objects decaying into four hadronic jets, as expected for example from associated or pair production of MSSM Higgs bosons, hA or H$^+$H$^-$, using a data sample of $5.9\,$pb$^{-1}$ of $e^+ e^-$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=130$-$136\,{\mathrm {GeV}}$ collected with the DELPHI detector at LEP in November 1995. The data and expectations from standard processes agree after four-jet selections. An analysis based on $b$-tagging finds no hA candidate with high mass. A study optimized to search for H$^+$H$^-$ events with mass in the 40-50$\,{\mathrm{GeV}}/c^2$ range also finds no candidate. Finally a comparison is made with a recent ALEPH a…

Joaquín Melgarejo Moreno: La intervención del Estado en la cuenca del Segura, 1926–1986, Alacant, Institut de Cultura «Juan Gil-Albert», 1995, biblio…

1996

Pharmacological characterisation of a new model of antigen-induced pulmonary late-phase reaction in the conscious guinea pig which uses additional po…

1996

The aim of the present study was to develop a new model of allergic late-phase reaction in the airways of conscious guinea pigs (GPs) and to characterise it by pharmacological intervention. GPs were pretreated with cyclophosphamide and sensitized with ovalbumin (OA) in Al(OH)3. Weekly inhalations of polymyxin B were performed before and during sensitization and continued throughout the study period. Under cover of 10 mg/kg i.p. mepyramine all GPs still exhibited a pronounced immediate reaction (IR), peaking during the first 15 min after OA. Nine out of 15 GPs demonstrated, during screening, a reproducible (twice) second phase (late phase reaction (LPR)] of decreased airflow and tidal volume…

A contribution to the study of staling of white bread: effect of water and hydrocolloid

1996

Abstract Staling of white bread at ambient temperature was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. During storage, sample hydration varied slightly, from 0 to 0.4% per day, depending on packaging conditions. An increase in rigidity was observed, which was attributed both to starch retrogradation and to changes in the organization of the amorphous part of crumb. The glass transition temperature of crumb was not significantly modified by these structural changes. Hydrocolloids did not affect the overall shape of the viscoelastic behavior of crumb in the temperature range from −40°C to 80°C, and had a limited influence on the kinetics of starch …

New trends in science education

1996

I intend to review the main contributions from the impressive developments made in science education research during the last decade. These developments have made the construction of a coherent body of knowledge possible allowing us to expect a significant improvement in the science teaching/learning process. I shall refer, in particular, to the new trends in science education research, both in the domain of science learning and science teacher‐training.