Relation of elastosis to biochemical and immunohistochemical steroid receptor findings, Ki-67 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunostain…

1993

We studied 1073 cases of invasive ductal breast cancer, NOS for their elastic content (DEL, ductal+periductal elastosis; TEL, tumour elastosis) and compared the findings with the results of biochemical and immunohistochemical steroid hormone receptor examination. Tumours of patients up to 50 years of age and older were examined separately. In a number of tumours elastosis was also examined in relation to Ki-67 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunostaining. Sensitivity and specificity of DEL and TEL for predicting the receptor, Ki-67 and EGFR findings were estimated. Sensitivity of DEL and TEL for oestrogen and progesterone receptors is dependent on the degree of tumour differen…

A comparative review of CASE shells: A preliminary framework and research outcomes

1993

Abstract Because of rigidity and weak support of the user's native methods and methodologies in existing CASE tools, there is a growing need for customizable CASE tools (CASE shells). The nature of CASE shells is different from ordinary CASE tools supporting a fixed set of methods. With CASE shells, organizations can define tools to support their own methods, instead of choosing a tool that supports them. Existing CASE shells have different features and architectural principles that make them appropriate for different tasks. Obviously, a framework for comparing them is needed. In this paper we develop one such framework. It takes into account different tasks in customization and the effecti…

Measurement of the magnetic form factor of the neutron

1993

The [sup 2]H([ital e],[ital e][prime][ital n])[sup 1]H quasielastic cross section was measured at [ital Q][sup 2] values of 0.109, 0.176, and 0.255 (GeV/[ital c])[sup 2]. The neutron detection efficiency was determined by the associated particle technique with the [sup 2]H([gamma],[ital pn]) reaction for each of the three neutron kinetic energies. These [sup 2]H([ital e],[ital e][prime][ital n]) measurements of the coincidence cross sections are the first at low [ital Q][sup 2]. The cross sections are sensitive primarily to the neutron magnetic form factor [ital G][sub [ital M]][sup [ital n]] at these kinematics. The extracted [ital G][sub [ital M]][sup [ital n]] values have smaller uncerta…

Evaluation of polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles as a potential drug carrier: preparation, morphological characterization and loading capacity.

1993

Some physicochemical behaviours were investigated of polyethyl- (PECA) and polyisobutylcyanoacrylate (PICA), which, in recent years, have been proposed as nanoparticle colloidal systems for drug carrying. We observed the influence of preparation conditions, such as pH value and surfactant concentration, on parameters such as particle size and polymer molecular weight. Lower operating pH values (0-2) resulted in smaller nanoparticles than those prepared at pH 5.5. The polymer molecular weight was also a function of pH: low molecular weight at low pH and vice-versa. The surfactant concentration positively influenced main particle size and polymer molecular weight. These trends were independen…

Tripoxyrollin, a New Epoxy Acetogenin from the Seeds ofRollinia membranacea1

1993

Abstract A new epoxy acetogenin, tripoxyrollin (1), has been isolated from the seeds of the Colombian Annonaceae, Rollinia membranacea. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data. Biomimetic synthesis of isodesacetyluvaricin (2) from tripoxyrollin (1) suggests its key role in the biogenesis of the adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran acetogenins.

Autoreactive liver-infiltrating T cells in primary biliary cirrhosis recognize inner mitochondrial epitopes and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

1993

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by lymphoid infiltrates in the portal tracts of the liver and the occurrence of antimitochondrial autoantibodies in serum directed against components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the other alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. These enzymes are located on the inner mitochondrial membrane. The destruction of the biliary tract in PBC is thought to be mediated by autoreactive liver-infiltrating T cells exerting cytotoxic activity or releasing certain lymphokines. In this study the reactivity of liver infiltrating T cells was shown to a bovine pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH), a purified E2 subunit (PDH-E2) and a crude prepara…

In vivo ANALYSIS OF SLOW CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE INDUCTION KINETICS IN ALGAE: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

1993

Cromakalim inhibits electrically-evoked [3H]acetylcholine release from a tube-preparation of the rat isolated trachea by an epithelium-dependent mech…

1993

Rat isolated tracheae were labelled by incubation with [3H]choline to measure the tritium efflux elicited by electrical stimulation of the extrinsic parasympathetic nerves in vitro. Stimulated tritium efflux reflects the neuronal release of newly synthesized acetylcholine; the effects of potassium channel openers on the stimulated tritium efflux were investigated. In tracheae opened longitudinally neither cromakalim nor its 3S,4R-enantiomer, BRL 38227, reduced the stimulated tritium efflux, whereas in intact tube-preparations cromakalim (0.01-1 mumol/l) mediated a concentration-dependent inhibition. The inhibitory effect of 1 mumol/l cromakalim was prevented by 0.1 mumol/l glibenclamide. Li…

Voltage gradient electrophoresis of nucleic acids on agarose gels.

1993

A very simple method is described which allows the separation of DNA molecules in a wide molecular weight range (from 0.6 to about 30 kb) in the same electrophoresis agarose gel. This is based on the achievement of a voltage gradient through a simple device consisting of a Plexiglas plate placed slantwise with respect to the gel surface plane, submerged in the electrophoretic running buffer. Further applications of our system are also described.

Behandlung und Ergebnisse nach Rupturen des Ligamentum patellae

1993

Die vergleichsweise seltenen Rupturen des Ligamentum patellae werden im jungen Erwachsenenalter durch ein direktes Trauma ausgelost; beim alteren Menschen fuhrt ein inadaquates Ereignis zur Spontanruptur. Im eigenen Krankengut der Jahre 1980 bis 1990 stehen acht traumatische Rupturen (Durchschnittsalter: 26,5 Jahre) elf Spontanzerreisungen (Durchschnittsalter: 57,5 Jahre) gegenuber. Zur operativen Wiederherstellung der zerrissenen oder ausgerissenen Patellarsehne gibt es keine Alternative; Sehnennaht und entlastende Drahtschlaufe ermoglichen unter fruhrunktioneller Nachbehandlung ein gutes funktionelles Resultat mit leichteren bleibenden Muskelverschmachtigugen und geringen Bewegungseinschr…

An easy route to 1-germaindenes via a transmetallation zirconiumgermanium reaction

1993

Abstract Several 1-zirconaindenes ( 4 ) have been obtained easily by heating phenylmethylzirconocene with various symmetrical (R  R′  CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , n-C 3 H 7 , Si(CH 3 ) 3 and unsymmetrical (R  CH 3 , R′  Si(CH 3 ) 3 ) alkynes (RCCR′). Under similar experimental conditions, the ynamine, diethylaminotrimethylsilylethyne, led to a regioselective reaction. From the X-ray structure of the zirconaindene product, the trimethylsilyl group was found close to the zirconium atom. Compounds 4 with germanium tetrachloride afford new 1-germaindenes ( 7 ) characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR and mass spectrometry, in good yield.

Cognitive and neuropsychological profiles of the elderly

1993

Testing the cognitive functions of the elderly is often eclectic and atheoretical. We take a theoretical model, simultaneous and successive processing, and the tests derived from it to describe the cognitive functions of the elderly. Subsequently, the performance of an elderly sample on a battery of neuropsychological tests is examined and also understood in relation to the two processing modes. Subjects were 81 individuals, 75 years old, from a population of nearly 300 persons participating in a Finnish research project on aging. They were administered tests of simultaneous and successive processing as well as an extensive battery of neuropsychological tasks. Multivariate and univariate an…

Synthesis and characterization of mononuclear complexes containing 3-acetylamino-1,2,4-triazole (aat). X-ray structure of [Co(aat)2(H2O)2]Br2

1993

Abstract The spectroscopic characteristics of the isostructural compounds [M(aat) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]X 2 (aat = 3-acetylamino-1,2,4-triazole; M = Co, Cu, X = Br, CI; M = Ni, X = Cl) are described. The structure of [Co(aat) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]Br 2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / a with a = 9.686(3), b = 14.433(4), c = 6.169(2) A, β = 92.84(2)° and Z = 2. The structure was refined to final R and R ′ values of 0.033 and 0.039 for 1066 observed reflections. In the mononuclear cationic complex, having an imposed crystallographic C i symmetry, the cobalt atom is surrounded in a slightly distorted octahedral arrangement by two axial water molecule…

In vitro expansion and analysis of T lymphocyte microcultures obtained from the vaccination sites of cancer patients undergoing active specific immun…

1993

In order to understand further the effects of Newcastle-disease-virus(NDV)-modified tumour vaccines we investigated the feasibility of isolating lymphocytes from the site of injection of patients undergoing postoperative active specific immunization (ASI) with autologous NDV-modified tumour cells. Delayed-type-hypersensitivity(DTH)-like reactions from five cancer patients were surgically removed, minced and the tissue particles were digested with collagenase and DNase. Lymphoid cells recovered were expanded in a highly efficient limiting-dilution analysis system optimized for T cell growth [Moretta et al. (1983) J Exp Med 157: 743] and lymphocyte microcultures (clonal probability > 0.8) cou…

Structure and properties of nylon 6 modified by ?-irradiated linear low density polyethylene

1993

In this work, structure and properties of blends of nylon 6 with 10% linear low density polyethylene γ-irradiated in air at different integrated doses are presented. More particularly, Molau tests, DSC, SEM, and mechanical tests have been performed. Results show that positive morphological changes with respect to the blend with unirradiated linear low density polyethylene are well evident, especially in the blend with polyethylene irradiated at 50 KGy. This blend also shows an enhancement of the elongation at break and of the impact properties.

Unsaturated fatty acid bioavailability in growing rats fed low or adequate protein diets with sunflower or soybean oils

1993

Abstract The relationship of serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) to hepatic lipid composition was studied after 28 days of protein depletion to determine the interactions between dietary protein levels and the essential fatty acid (EFA) availability. This was examined in rats using a dietary combination of 20% or 2% casein with 5% vegetable oils, variable in their n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratios. Rats were divided into four groups, SFC (20% casein + 5% sunflower oil ); SFd (2% casein + 5% sunflower oil ); SC (20% casein + 5% soybean oil ); Sd (2% casein + 5% soybean oil ). Dietary protein depletion decreased phospholipid and protein concentrations in liver and VLDL, whereas triacylglycerol…

Role Stress: Burnout Antecedent in Nursing Professionals

1993

Abstract Burnout syndrome has been described by different authors as a reaction to work stress. Hence both the role stress components–role ambiguity and role conflict–appear in the literature as burnout antecedent variables. The correlation between these variables is positive. On the other hand, the work social support (from supervisors and colleagues) is a variable with influence on both role stress and burnout, so the people who perceive higher work social support feel lower role stress and lower burnout than the people who perceive lower social support. In this study we present the results of a correlational study of role ambiguity, role conflict, burnout levels (tested with Maslach Burn…

Dopamine autoreceptor agonists in the treatment of schizophrenic disorders

1993

Abstract 1. Synthesis and release of dopamine as well as firing rates of dopaminergic neurons are controlled by stimulation of autoreceptors via a negative feedback regulation, investigations on therapeutic effects of autoreceptor-nonselective dopamine agonists in schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent results. 2. With respect to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia, dopamine autoreceptor agonists have been tested in positive schizophrenic symptomatology in order to reduce the postulated excess of central dopaminergic activity. However, administration of selective dopamine autoreceptor agonists like talipexole or roxindole did not result in a significant improvement of psychopathologic…

Trienediolates of hexadienoic acids in synthesis. synthesis of retinoic and nor-retinoic acids.

1993

Abstract Double deprotonation of either (E,E)-3-methyl-2,4-hexadienoic acid 2, or 4,6-dimethyldihydro-2-pyrone 3 generates apparently the same lithium trienediolate, which affords ω-hydroxy acids 9 on reaction with ketones 7. Hydroxy acids 9 are easily dehydrated to octatrienoic acids 5, which are structurally related to retinoic acid. Similarly, sorbic acid 1 leads to nor-retinoic acid analogs 6.

Measurements of organochloro compounds at a metal reclamation plant

1993

Abstract Kuusakoski Ltd is a metal reclamation company operating world wide. Metals recovered are mainly aluminium, copper and different steels. NaCl and KCl are used in processes. Sampling and emission analysis of PCP's, PCB's, PCDD/PCDF's and PAH's were made from seven processes at plant. Emissions indicate, that large part of chlorinated aromatic compounds are formed due to PVC-plastic in cables and car components. On the basis of this study, we suggest, that chlorinated benzenes, -naphtalens and -diphenyl ethers should also be measured in the emissions.

A kinetic study on the regeneration ofCandida albicansprotoplasts in the presence of cell wall synthesis inhibitors

1993

Aculeacin A and papulacandin B block cell wall regeneration in Candida albicans protoplasts at an intermediate step in which the protoplasts have not yet synthesized the rigid structure of the cell wall and are therefore still osmotically sensitive. In the presence of the antibiotics, total synthesis of glucan is not significantly lowered with respect to control cells, although most of it appears either in the culture medium or in the regenerating wall as alkali-soluble glucan. Thus, it is proposed that echinocandins (such as aculeacin A) and papulacandins may not inhibit glucan synthesis per se but instead inhibit its incorporation into the supramolecular organization of the cell wall.

Cell types infected in human cytomegalovirus placentitis identified by immunohistochemical double staining

1993

Chronic villitis is almost always present in intrauterine infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The inflammatory response to this virus has been described in detail. However, little is known about the types of placental cells that may be infected by HCMV and six cases of HCMV placentitis were thus investigated to identify the vulnerable cell types. Immunohistochemical double staining analyses were performed using antibodies to HCMV immediate early antigens and to specific cellular marker proteins. Fixed connective tissue cells could be demonstrated to be the predominantly infected cell type in each placental tissue. Endothelial cells and macrophages were also found to be infected in …

Effects of indomethacin on muscarinic inhibition of endogenous noradrenaline release from rat isolated trachea

1993

The release of endogenous noradrenaline from rat isolated tracheae was evoked by electrical field stimulation (3 Hz, 540 pulses) in the presence of yohimbine, desipramine and tyrosine. The muscarine receptor agonist oxotremorine concentration-dependently inhibited the evoked release of noradrenaline by 95% at 1 μmol/l, EC50 values in two series of experiments 41 and 57 nmol/l, respectively. The effect of oxotremorine was antagonized by the non-selective muscarine receptor antagonist scopolamine (10–1000 nmol/l) in a manner suggesting a simple competitive interaction (slope of Schild plot −0.94; pA2 value 8.88). However, the M2 selective muscarine receptor antagonist methoctramine (0.1–10 μm…

Nitramino, NRNO2 (R = H, CH3), as a substituent.13C and15N NMR spectroscopic study of nitraminobenzenes and -pyridines

1993

In order to clarify the special properties of the aryl-bound nitramino substituent NRNO 2 (R=H, CH 3 ), 13 C and 15 N NMR spectra of six nitraminobenzenes and nine nitraminopyridines were measured in DMSO-d 6 and their chemical shifts assigned. 1 H NMr chemical shifts and spin-spin coupling constants of all the compounds were also determined. In contrast to the behaviour of nitropyridines or -benzenes studied previously, most of the present compounds gave very broad 17 O NMR lines even at elevated temperatures and their 17 O NMR data were not useful for any reliable conclusions

High-resolution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of neutral chlorinated aromatic sulphur compounds in stack gas samples

1993

Abstract Four stack gas samples from waste incineration were analysed by high-resolution GC-MS for neutral chlorinated aromatic sulphur compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes, thianthrenes and diphenyl sulphides. Samples were analysed tentatively also for some methylated derivatives of these compounds. The stack gas samples had earlier been found to contain some tri- and tetrachlorodiphenyl sulphides. Two of the stack gas samples contained tetra- and pentachlorodibenzothiophenes. One sample was strongly suspected to contain some tri- and tetrachlorothianthrenes in low concentrations. No methylated derivatives of these compounds could be found. Polychlorothianthrenes, some polyc…

Influence of pH on the degradation kinetics of nitrophenol isomers in a heterogeneous photocatalytic system

1993

Abstract The kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of 2-, 3- and 4-nitrophenol in aqueousdispersions containing TiO2 (anatase) has been investigated at different initial values of pH and concentrations of substrate. A pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the nitrophenol concentration was found to hold; an increase of the substrate concentration and the initial pH was detrimental on the degradation rate.

The effects of narrative context on French verbal inflections: A developmental perspective

1993

This experiment examines how narrative context affects French subjects' selection of past imperfective (imparfait) vs. perfective inflections with different predicate types. Adults and 10-year-old children were asked to inflect verbs presented in their written infinitive form in two conditions: (a) in isolated sentences; (b) embedded in the beginning, middle, or end of narratives. Regardless of conditions, the adults rarely used theimparfait with punctual resultative predicates. In both conditions, the frequency ofimparfait was high with durative predicates, particularly with aresultative ones, but it varied with position in the narratives, being highest at the beginning and lowest at the e…

Endothelin receptors mediating contraction in goat cerebral arteries

1993

1. The aim of the present study was to identify the subtype of receptor mediating contraction to endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin S6b in goat isolated middle cerebral arteries. 2. Endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-3 contracted cerebral arteries in a concentration-dependent manner. Although the three peptides were full agonists, the order of potency was endothelin-1 = endothelin-2 > endothelin-3, with a relative potency of endothelin-1 and endothelin-2 versus endothelin-3 of approximately 280. Sarafotoxin S6b induced concentration-dependent contractions with lower potency than endothelin-1/endothelin-2, higher potency than endothelin-3 and a higher maximum response than the three endothe…

Melt spinning and mechanical properties of semirigid liquid-crystal copolyesters

1993

Melt-spinning and mechanical properties of fibers of a new class of semirigid thermotropic liquid-crystal polymers are presented. These copolyesters are synthesized from 4-4′-dihydroxybiphenyl (B), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (H), and flexible units provided by aliphatic diacids. The flexible units depress the melting temperature without strongly depressing the mechanical properties. These liquid-crystal polymers can be easily spun at high draw ratios. Indeed, unlike rigid liquid-crystal polymers, relatively high draw ratios are needed to attain high mechanical strength. Tensile moduli of about 28 GPa and tensile strengths of about 350 MPa are obtained. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Illusory contours from pictorially three-dimensional inducing elements: counterevidence for Parks and Rock's example.

1993

In 1990 Parks and Rock claimed that, in pictorially three-dimensional (3-D) inducing patterns, an illusory figure does not emerge if a clear occlusion event is not present. A new pictorially 3-D pattern is presented which contradicts this claim. Two experiments were carried out. The first was aimed at ascertaining the presence of an illusory figure in the new 3-D pattern; the second was aimed at offering evidence that in Parks and Rock's pattern the disappearance of the illusory figure could be due to local interferences caused by the line elements in contact with the inducing borders. The results tend to contradict Parks and Rock's conclusions.

Spectrofluorimetric determination of emetine by flow injection using barium peroxide and UV derivatization

1993

Abstract The flow-injection spectrofluorimetric determination of emetine was carried out by photoderivatization in the presence of barium peroxide, in a flow-injection assembly in which the PTFE tubing in the injection valve is helically coiled around the lamp. The sample solution merges with a barium peroxidephosphoric acid solution and then the resulting mixture is irradiated; pure distilled water is used as a carrier stream. The calibration graph is linear over the range 0.05–50 μ g ml −1 of emetine dihydrochloride. The influence of foreign compounds was studied and the method was applied to the determination of emetine in injection and human urine samples.

Relationships between absence of functional swimbladder, calculosis and larval mortality in hatcheryreared gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L.

1993

Abstract. The relationship between absence of functional swim-bladder, calculosis and larval mortality of hatchery-reared sea bream, Sparus aurata L., was observed. There was a temporal variation in the main causes of mortality, i.e. not inflated swim-bladder appears to be the main cause up to the 47th day, and the presence of calculi around the 55th day. Histological sections, semi-quantitative analysis and scanner electron microscope photographs were carried out.

Two-neutrino ββ decay to excited states. The 0+ → 2+ decay of 136Xe

1993

Abstract A method to calculate the two-neutrino double beta decay (2vββ) to one-phonon excited states is presented. The formalism, which is based on the quasiparticle random phase approximation, is applied to the description of the 2vββ transition 136Xe (0 g.e. + ) → 136 Ba (2 1 + ). It is shown that the participant matrix element is not suppressed by the inclusion of renormalized particle-particle interactions.

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Recurrent Duodenal Ulcer

1993

Oncogene transformation can induce tolerogenicity in murine macrophages after down-regulation of immunogenicity without altering major histocompatibi…

1993

In vitro studies on cell lines may allow analyses of the mechanisms of immunogenicity and tolerogenicity in cells. We used a model of oncogenic transformation of an established murine macrophage cell line and report here that one v-mos-transformed clone expressing unaltered high amounts of MHC class I and II antigens does not induce proliferation of unprimed T cells in primary mixed lymphocyte reactions, in sharp contrast to its non-transformed parental cells. Interestingly, this clone induces specific unresponsiveness, as revealed by the lack of responsiveness of MHC-specific T cells when subsequently exposed to the pertinent MHC alloantigens in immunogenic form but unaltered MHC-third par…

Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Schwächung der Stabilität des Trochanter major durch laterale Fensterung

1993

Ubliche 130°-Winkelplatten zur Versorgung huftgelenknaher Femurfrakturen haben den Nachteil, das durch das breite Einschlagfenster die laterale Femurkortikalis an biomechanisch wichtiger und hoch beanspruchter Stelle weitgehend unterbrochen wird; dies fuhrt haufig zu Komplikationen wie Abris des Trochanter major, mangelnde Stabilitat usw. Bei anderen Osteosyntheseverfahren, zum Beispiel der dynamischen Huftschraube, wird ein rundes Loch gebohrt. An zehn Femurpaaren wurde experimentell die Minderung der Stabilitat objektiviert, die durch die laterale Fensterung fur eine Osteosynthese entsteht, wobei die rechteckige Fensterung fur Winkelplatten und die kreisrunde Fensterung fur die dynamische…