Action-oriented knowledge for sustainable management of organic soils in Finnish agriculture

2023

Agriculture is a contributing force to climate change due to unsustainable changes in land use with the usage of peatlands for food production in Finland. The use of organic soils in food production is a complex and politically driven issue, thus multistakeholder and participatory approaches to policy development, implementation and evaluation are essential. This study is integrating qualitative and quantitative methods in an iterative process to produce action-oriented knowledge for supporting actions to sustainably manage peatlands and reduce the enormous greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural peatlands. This study has engaged inter-disciplinary researchers and transdisciplinary actor…

The two-factor structure of cognitive flexibility : tempo of switching and overcoming of prepotent responses

2023

Prezentowane badanie miało na celu odkrycie struktury procesów latentnych leżących u podstaw wykonania kilku zadań, które hipotetycznie mierzą spontaniczną i adaptacyjną giętkość poznawczą, dostarczając dowodów na ich trafność zbieżną. Grupa zdrowych ochotników (N = 121) ukończyła dwa zestawy zadań do oceny spontanicznej i adaptacyjnej giętkości poznawczej. Spontaniczna giętkość poznawcza obejmowała test myślenia dywergencyjnego (do oceny płynności i giętkości myślenia) oraz werbalny test płynności. Miary giętkości adaptacyjnej obejmowały test przełączania się między zadaniami jako miarę kosztów przełączania oraz test przerzucania uwagi jako miarę wyuczonej nieistotności i perseweracji. Nat…

Search for an interaction mediated by axion-like particles with ultracold neutrons at the PSI

2023

We report on a search for a new, short-range, spin-dependent interaction using a modified version of the experimental apparatus used to measure the permanent neutron electric dipole moment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. This interaction, which could be mediated by axion-like particles, concerned the unpolarized nucleons (protons and neutrons) near the material surfaces of the apparatus and polarized ultracold neutrons stored in vacuum. The dominant systematic uncertainty resulting from magnetic-field gradients was controlled to an unprecedented level of approximately 4 pT/cm using an array of optically-pumped cesium vapor magnetometers and magnetic-field maps independently recorded using a…

Consumption of meat and dairy substitute products amongst vegans, vegetarians and pescatarians

2023

Background: An increasing number of people adhere to plant-based diets, and the market for plant-based meat and dairy substitute products has been expanding rapidly.Objective: To examine total intake of macronutrients and salt in a sample of Norwegian vegans, vege-tarians and pescatarians; the consumption frequency of plant-based meat and dairy substitutes and raw ingredients used in these products; and the contribution to total macronutrient and salt intake from these products.Design: A cross-sectional design using single 24-h dietary recall to assess the intake of macronutrients, salt and substitute products that the participants (n = 158 Norway residents [age 18–60 years]: vegans [n = 83…

The structure of the moduli spaces of toric dynamical systems

2023

We consider complex-balanced mass-action systems, or toric dynamical systems. They are remarkably stable polynomial dynamical systems arising from reaction networks seen as Euclidean embedded graphs. We study the moduli spaces of toric dynamical systems, called the toric locus: given a reaction network, we are interested in the topological structure of the set of parameters giving rise to toric dynamical systems. First we show that the complex-balanced equilibria depend continuously on the parameter values. Using this result, we prove that the toric locus of any toric dynamical system is connected. In particular, we emphasize its product structure: it is homeomorphic to the product of the s…

Researching Adolescents’ Linguistic Repertoires in Multilingual Areas : Case Studies from South Tyrol and Finland

2023

In this chapter we present and compare two research experiences in the domain of linguistic repertoires (LRs) applied to the field of education. Our aim is to elucidate how we used different combinations of methods for data generation in the trilingual (German, Italian and Ladin) Italian province of South Tyrol and the bilingual (Finnish and Swedish) coastal regions of Finland in order to map the LRs of young multilingual participants aged 10 to 19. We investigated different aspects of their LRs (representations, use and trajectories) with multiple methods, ranging from more traditional sociolinguistic surveys such as questionnaires and inter views to multimodal and task-based methods such …

Spatially resolved multimarker evaluation of CD274 (PD-L1)/PDCD1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint expression and macrophage polarisation in colorectal cancer

2023

Abstract Background The CD274 (PD-L1)/PDCD1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint interaction may promote cancer progression, but the expression patterns and prognostic significance of PD-L1 and PD-1 in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are inadequately characterised. Methods We used a custom 9-plex immunohistochemistry assay to quantify the expression patterns of PD-L1 and PD-1 in macrophages, T cells, and tumour cells in 910 colorectal cancer patients. We evaluated cancer-specific mortality according to immune cell subset densities using multivariable Cox regression models. Results Compared to PD-L1– macrophages, PD-L1+ macrophages were more likely M1-polarised than M2-polarised and located close…

Deep Learning Architectures for Diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy

2023

For many years, convolutional neural networks dominated the field of computer vision, not least in the medical field, where problems such as image segmentation were addressed by such networks as the U-Net. The arrival of self-attention-based networks to the field of computer vision through ViTs seems to have changed the trend of using standard convolutions. Throughout this work, we apply different architectures such as U-Net, ViTs and ConvMixer, to compare their performance on a medical semantic segmentation problem. All the models have been trained from scratch on the DRIVE dataset and evaluated on their private counterparts to assess which of the models performed better in the segmentatio…

Critical dynamics of long range models on Dynamical L\'evy Lattices

2023

We investigate critical equilibrium and out of equilibrium properties of a ferromagnetic Ising model in one and two dimension in the presence of long range interactions, $J_{ij}\propto r^{-(d+\sigma)}$. We implement a novel local dynamics on a dynamical L\'evy lattice, that correctly reproduces the static critical exponents known in the literature, as a function of the interaction parameter $\sigma$. Due to its locality the algorithm can be applied to investigate dynamical properties, of both discrete and continuous long range models. We consider the relaxation time at the critical temperature and we measure the dynamical exponent $z$ as a function of the decay parameter $\sigma$, highlight…

Conformational-Dependent Photodissociation of Glycolic Acid in an Argon Matrix

2023

Ultraviolet-induced photodissociation and photo-isomerization of the three most stable conformers (SSC, GAC, and AAT) of glycolic acid are investigated in a low-temperature solid argon matrix using FTIR spectroscopy and employing laser radiation with wavelengths of 212 nm, 226 nm, and 230 nm. The present work broadens the wavelength range of photochemical studies of glycolic acid, thus extending the understanding of the overall photochemistry of the compound. The proposed kinetic model for the photodissociation of glycolic acid proceeds from the lowest energy conformer (SSC). The model suggests that ultraviolet light induces isomerization only between the SSC and GAC conformers and between …

Forage mixture productivity and silage quality from a grass/legume intercrop in a semiarid Mediterranean environment

2023

In semiarid environments of the Mediterranean region, intercropping is a sustainable agricultural system of long standing. In this area, the pea (Pisum sativum L.) is one of the most commonly grown legume crops. Little information is available on the quality of silages to be obtained from forage mixtures of pea intercropped with cereals or annual grasses. In this study, two experiments were conducted over the course of two growing seasons in Sicily (Italy) with the aim to determine the biomass production of forage crop mixtures and assess, only in the second experiment, the silage quality of grass and legumes. Four cereals and one annual grass species were grown in pure stand and in mixture…

Dar a luz: de la vulnerabilidad al empoderamiento

2023

. Dar a luz encierra un espectro de potencialidades: puede ser desde una experiencia profundamente traumática, hasta una experiencia empoderadora que aumenta la confianza de las personas de parto en sus capacidades y su entorno. El elemento que aquí analizamos para comprender estas potencialidades es la vulnerabilidad específica del parto. Defendemos que la vulnerabilidad del proceso de parto conlleva una radical apertura y codependencia, lo cual nos expone al daño, pero también posibilita la creación de vínculos singulares con el propio cuerpo y con las demás personas. Exploramos el dolor y la incontrolabilidad como rasgos centrales de la experiencia del parto, y proponemos una noción resi…

B-meson hadroproduction in the SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$ scheme

2023

We apply the SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$ general-mass variable flavour number scheme (GM-VFNS) to the inclusive B-meson production in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. In the GM-VFNS approach one matches the fixed-order heavy-quark production cross sections, accurate at low transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$), with the zero-mass cross sections, accurate at high $p_{\rm T}$. The physics idea of the SACOT-$m_{\rm T}$ scheme is to do this by accounting for the finite momentum transfer required to create a heavy quark-antiquark pair throughout the calculation. We compare our results with the latest LHC data from proton-proton and proton-lead collisions fin…

Nuoriso mediassa

2023

Environmental assessment of a new building envelope material derived from urban agriculture wastes : the case of the tomato plants stems

2023

Abstract Purpose Decarbonizing cities is one of today’s biggest challenges. In this regard, particular attention has been paid on improving the environmental performance of buildings. In this framework, this work consists in assessing the environmental impact of an innovative building envelope component derived from urban agriculture (UA) wastes. In fact, rooftop UA seems to be a possible solution to the rising food demand due to increasing urban demographic growth. Consequently, rooftop UA wastes need to be treated in sustainable ways. Methods This study aims to determine the carbon footprint and embodied energy of a new infill wall material, derived from UA wastes produced by a building r…

Non-Invasive Sex Determination of Nestlings and Adult Bonelli’s Eagles Using Morphometrics

2023

Biometric analysis allows the sexing of most vertebrates, particularly birds. Birds of prey, and, especially, the Bonelli’s eagle (Aquila fasciata), show reverse sexual dimorphism (i.e., females are usually larger than males). In contrast to blood sampling, the use of morphometrics allows sex determination using a non-invasive method, and, therefore, it facilitates fieldwork. By means of a linear discriminant analysis of biometric variables, we obtained different equations that allow the sexing of nestlings and adult Bonelli’s eagles. We sampled 137 Bonelli’s eagles, 82 nestlings and 55 adults in eastern Spain during the period 2015–2022. The sexes obtained after lin…

Ochrona i promocja dziedzictwa kulturowego na przykładzie pieców chlebowych (piekarnioków)

2023

Piece chlebowe, wolno stojące, od XIX w. stanowiły charakterystyczny element zabudowy osiedli i kolonii robotniczych na Górnym Śląsku powstałych w związku z intensywnym rozwojem przemysłu. Piece te nazywane piekarniokami, piekarokami służyły przede wszystkim mieszkańcom do wypieku chleba i kołaczy drożdżowych. W okresie powojennym (od lat 50.) w związku z przemianami cywilizacyjnymi – pozbawione opieki i ochrony – zaczęły znikać ze śląskiego krajobrazu. Współcześnie tego typu przykładów architektury dziedzictwa poprzemysłowego pozostało niewiele. Dwa takie obiekty, pochodzące z początku XX stulecia, znajdują się w Rudzie Śląskiej. W latach dwutysięcznych przeszły gruntowną renowację. Jednem…

Highly tunable NbTiN Josephson junctions fabricated with focused helium ion beam

2023

We demonstrate a "direct writing" method for the fabrication of planar Josephson junctions from high quality superconducting niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN) thin films using focused He-ion beam irradiation. Compared to the materials previously used in such processing, YBCO and MgB$_2$, NbTiN has much better mechanical and electrical properties, as well as good corrosion resistance. We show that we can control the suppression of superconductivity in NbTiN as a function of the helium ion beam fluence, and that this controllable critical temperature suppression combined with the high spatial resolution and position control of the He-ion beam in a helium ion microscope enables us to successful…

Are there universal signatures of topological phases in high harmonic generation? Probably not

2023

High harmonic generation (HHG) has developed in recent years as a promising tool for ultrafast materials spectroscopy. At the forefront of these advancements, several works proposed to use HHG as an all-optical probe for topology of quantum matter by identifying its signatures in the emission spectra. However, it remains unclear if such spectral signatures are indeed a robust and general approach for probing topology. To address this point, we perform here a fully ab-initio study of HHG from prototypical two-dimensional topological insulators in the Kane-Mele quantum spin-Hall and anomalous-Hall phases. We analyze the spectra and previously proposed topological signatures by comparing HHG f…

Dependence of the layer heat potentials upon support perturbations

2023

We prove that the integral operators associated with the layer heat potentials depend smoothly upon a parametrization of the support of integration. The analysis is carried out in the optimal H\"older setting.

An Overview on the Use of miRNAs as Possible Forensic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Traumatic Brain Injury

2023

Determining the cause of death is one of the main goals of forensic pathology. However, conditions can occur in which common approaches—external inspection, autopsy, histology, etc.—might not be conclusive. With the advancement of molecular biology, several investigative techniques have been developed over the years, and the application as approaches complementary to routine procedures has proved useful in these cases. In this context, microRNA (miRNA) profiling has attracted increasing interest due to these molecules’ ability to regulate physiological and pathological processes. The evidence of differential miRNA expression in both animal models and human samples of traumatic brain injury …

Giovanni Meli medico a Palermo tra '700 e '800: il primo dei tre Ricettari

2023

Si discute del primo Ricettario di Giovanni Meli come documento della cultura scientifica sette / ottocentesca a Palermo, esaminando anche questioni filologiche sul latino scientifico del tempo, che avranno importanza per i fini ecdotici.

Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence, Burnout, Work Engagement, and Self-Efficacy during COVID-19 Lockdown

2023

Teachers’ psychological well-being is a crucial aspect that influences learning in a classroom climate. The aim of the study was to investigate teachers’ emotional intelligence, burnout, work engagement, and self-efficacy in times of remote teaching during COVID-19 lockdown. A sample of 65 teachers (Mage = 50.49), from early childhood through lower secondary education, were recruited during a period of school closure to answer self-report questionnaires and other measures assessing study variables. Results showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers reported higher levels of burnout and lower levels of self-esteem due to multiple challenges related to remote teaching and …

Reproductive and Obstetric Outcomes after Fertility-Sparing Treatments for Cervical Cancer: Current Approach and Future Directions

2023

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women of reproductive age. The established fertility-sparing approaches for the management of early-stage cervical cancer for women who plan pregnancy are associated with a decline in fecundity and an increased risk of pregnancy complications. This article aims to offer an overview of fertility-sparing approaches and the management of potential subfertility and pregnancy complications after these treatments. An extensive search for the available data about infertility and cervical cancer, fertility-sparing techniques in patients with cervical cancer, fertility treatment, obstetrical complications, and pregnancy outcomes…

Evaluation of Posturographic and Neuromuscular Parameters during Upright Stance and Hand Standing: A Pilot Study

2023

Upright bipedal posture is the physiological human posture; however, it is not the only possible form of human standing; indeed, an inverted position, a handstand, is required during gymnastics or other sports. Thus, this study aimed to understand the differences between the two standing strategies from a postural and neuromuscular perspective. Thirteen gymnasts with at least three years of sports experience underwent a baropodometric assessment and a surface electromyography (sEMG) examination in a standard upright bipodalic stance and during a handstand. The sEMG examination was performed on the gastrocnemius during an upright stance and on the flexor carpi radialis during the handstand. …

Impact of traditional physics lab instruction on students’ critical thinking skills in a Finnish context

2023

Abstract Recent studies have given incentives to physics departments around the world to revise the learning goals of their lab courses to emphasize experimentation skills over reinforcing lecture content. Evaluation instruments have been developed to measure the achievement of learning goals, and one such instrument is the Physics Lab Inventory of Critical thinking (PLIC). The PLIC measures respondents’ ability to evaluate models, evaluate methods, and to suggest the next steps for an investigation. In the present work, we give consideration to the validity of our Finnish translation of the PLIC and we show results from our baseline study of first-year introductory lab courses with labs mi…

Small-$x$ Quark and Gluon Helicity Contributions to the Proton Spin Puzzle

2023

A small-$x$ helicity evolution has been derived in 2016-18 and received an important modification in 2022. This proceedings discusses the setup and summarizes recent results of the theoretical development, including the asymptotic behavior of helicity PDFs and $g_1$ structure function at small $x$. The recent fits to various polarized scattering data are also discussed, together with similar calculations that follow from the same framework. The results from this research program will provide important theoretical inputs for the future polarized small-$x$ measurements at the electron-ion collider (EIC).

Constructing Proletarian Nation(s): PSOE Internationalism in the Second Republic (1931–1932)

2023

Este artículo busca mejorar nuestra comprensión de la naturaleza del internacionalismo socialista, en particular considerando el lugar de la nación en su funcionamiento y esencia. Para ello, se utiliza el concepto de internacionalismo para estudiar el caso particular del Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) durante la Segunda República española. En el primer apartado, nos centramos en la reunión de la ejecutiva de la Federación Internacional de Sindicatos (IFTU) en Madrid en 1931, y las posteriores celebraciones del Primero de Mayo en la ciudad. En el segundo, analizamos el uso del internacionalismo por parte del PSOE en los debates sobre la descentralización del Estado republicano. Est…

Coarse-graining collective skyrmion dynamics in confined geometries

2023

Magnetic skyrmions are magnetic quasi-particles with enhanced stability and different manipulation mechanisms using external fields and currents making them promising candidates for future applications for instance in neuromorphic computing. Recently, several measurements and simulations have shown that thermally activated skyrmions in confined geometries, as they are necessary for device applications, arrange themselves predominantly based on commensurability effects. In this simulational study, based on the Thiele model, we investigate the enhanced dynamics and degenerate non-equilibrium steady state of a system in which the intrinsic skyrmion-skyrmion and skyrmion-boundary interaction co…

Energy balance during outdoor education winter training: a pilot study

2023

Learning in the mountains during winter prepares upcoming guides for tough environments by placing demands on their energy intake and enabling them to cope with a complex environment. However, few studies have explored energy intake and expenditure in outdoor education. Thus, energy intake during a 24-hour winter mountain course was investigated in a Norwegian educational context, where students must absorb large volumes of information in a challenging environment. Twenty university students (11 men, 9 women) underwent body composition, weighed energy intake, and accelerometry-based energy expenditure measurements. Overall, the students had an energy deficit of>2,300 kilo-calories/day, corr…

Inclusive physical activity games at school: The role of teachers’ attitude toward inclusion

2023

IntroductionInclusive physical activity games at school can be useful for teachers dealing with students with disabilities. The use of inclusive strategies and games can be directly linked to teachers’ self-efficacy and familiarity with the inclusive strategies, while it could be indirectly influenced by their attitude toward inclusion and, in a smaller part, by social desirability in their response. Moreover, teachers’ responses could be different among the different school grades. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate the role of attitude toward inclusion, social desirability, self-efficacy, and familiarity in the use of physical activity games at school in teachers fr…

La fortuna “imperial” de las escaleras dobles en la España del siglo XVIII

2023

La ingeniosa utilización de escaleras dobles en la España del siglo XVIII se remontaba a tres tipologías básicas desarrolladas a lo largo del siglo XVI para los alcázares regios de Madrid (B1) y Toledo (C1) y para el monasterio de El Escorial (D1). Este artículo se fija en sus derivaciones (denominadas B2, C2, D2, etcétera), deteniéndose en los ejemplos más espectaculares. Criterios formales como el orden y la simetría interactuaban con requisitos funcionales (acceso lateral o axial y flujo circulatorio o emplazamiento estratégico dentro del edificio) conformándose a su vez con nociones de decoro que, especialmente en lo tocante a la arquitectura civil, dependían del rango del comitente. La…

Startup-sijoittajat portinvartijoina journalismin kentällä

2023

Startup-yritysten roolista journalismin uudistajina on ristiriitaisia näkemyksiä, mutta niiden katsotaan kuitenkin yleisesti tuovan alalle uusia toimintamalleja ja haastavan vakiintuneita instituutioita. Sijoittajien merkitys journalistisen startup-yrittämisen kentällä on jäänyt vähälle huomiolle, vaikka he viime kädessä päättävät, millaiset yritykset saavat mahdollisuuden käynnistää tai kehittää toimintaansa. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelemme startup-sijoittajia SCOT-teorian kehyksessä journalismin portinvartijoina ja journalistiseen metadiskurssiin osallistuvina keskustelijoina, joilla on alan kehittämiseen liittyvää valtaa ja vastuuta. Tavoitteenamme on tarkentaa kuvaa siitä, millaiset a…

Artistas, marchantes y connoisseurs. Subasta del atrezo de Fortuny en Roma

2023

 
 El pintor Mariano Fortuny Marsal (1838-1874), reunió una magnífica colección de artes aplicadas que, tras su repentina muerte, fue subastada en Roma y París. En este articulo nos centraremos en desvelar los detalles de la venta romana, un acontecimiento que generó gran interés debido a la envergadura y singularidad del conjunto. El estudio exhaustivo de un catálogo de la subasta manuscrito con el nombre de los compradores y la transcripción de los lotes de atrezo adquiridos, nos permitirá realizar diversas aportaciones: identificación de las figuras de los compradores, el papel que desempeñaron en la red del coleccionismo decimonónico o su repercusión en la obra de algunos de estos …

Sobre la familia Carduchi : redes en la corte hispánica e intercambio de objetos artísticos

2023

El presente texto pretende profundizar en el conocimiento de varios miembros de la familia Carduchi. Gracias a la aportación de nueva documentación y a una atenta relectura de las fuentes originales ya publicadas. Se muestran cuáles y cómo eran los lazos entre los Carduchi, de qué manera crearon sus relaciones con otros personajes cortesanos y la circulación de sus bienes. Para ello, se tiene en cuenta la individualidad de cada miembro dentro de la estrategia de promoción social familiar.

A new species of Thilachium (Capparaceae) from the Analanjirofo Region, Madagascar

2023

Madagascar is a centre of speciation for the genus Thilachium Lour., which includes several species of small trees and shrubs occurring in a wide range of habitats. A new species of Thilachium, T. latifolium Fici, from the Analanjirofo Region of northeastern Madagascar is here described and illustrated. It is characterised by 1-foliolate leaves, leaf blades widely ovate or elliptic with shortly acuminate or acute apices, flowers in terminal, dense subumbels or corymbs, short pedicels and ellipsoid, ribbed fruit. The new species is related to T. madagascariense Fici, a species recently described from eastern Madagascar, differing in the wider, coriaceous leaves with shorter, mucronulate tip,…