Search results for "nonhuman"

showing 10 items of 47 documents

Is it possible to change of the duration of consolidation period in the distraction osteogenesis with the repetition of extracorporeal shock waves?

2016

Background In this study we examined the effects of two different repeated Extracorporeal Shock Waves (ESW) on the consolidation period of the distraction osteogenesis (DO) of the rabbit mandible using stereological, radiological and immunohistochemical methods. Material and Methods DO was performed unilaterally in the mandible of 18 New Zealand rabbits (six months old, weighing between 2.5-3 kg). In the consolidation period, rabbits were divided into three groups randomly after the distraction period. The distraction zone of the mandible was received no treatment as controls (E0*2). Group 2 (E 500*2) received ESWT (twice 500 impulses at 14 kV and 0.19 mJ/mm2 energy) in the first and fourth…

Extracorporeal Shockwave TherapyDistraction osteogenesisTime FactorsBone densitymedicine.medical_treatmentStereologyOsteogenesis DistractionStereologyRabbitMandibleNew Zealand rabbitsurgeryangiogenesisRandom Allocation0302 clinical medicinetime factorMedicineanimalconnective tissueBone mineralOrthodonticsFracture Healingbone density:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]stereometry030220 oncology & carcinogenesisExtracorporeal shockwave therapyimmunohistochemistryUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASDistraction osteogenesisRabbitsmedicine.symptomOral Surgerymedicine.medical_specialtyshock waveLeporidaerabbitBone healingrandomizationExtracorporeal03 medical and health sciencesAnimalshumanproceduresGeneral Dentistrynonhumanbusiness.industryOssificationResearchcontrol group030206 dentistryhuman tissueextracorporeal shock wavesSurgeryossificationOtorhinolaryngologyExtracorporeal shock wavesshock wave therapystereologybusiness
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Bioavailability and metabolism.

2002

Food intakefood intakephenol derivativeClinical BiochemistryGlucosinolatesreviewantioxidant activityBiological AvailabilityPhysiological SciencesAscorbic AcidBiologydigestionalpha tocopherolBiochemistryIntestinal absorptionmedical researchAntioxidantsSeleniumPhenolsLife ScienceAnimalsHumansVitamin ETissue DistributionTissue distributionhumanglutathioneMolecular BiologynonhumanWageningen Food Safety ResearchfoodGeneral MedicineMetabolismAscorbic acidCarotenoidsGlutathionecarotenoidBioavailabilityBiochemistryIntestinal AbsorptionHealthFoodOrgan SpecificityPhenol derivativeMolecular MedicinebioavailabilityabsorptionmetabolismBiological availabilityMolecular aspects of medicine
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Experimental study of the anaerobic urban wastewater treatment in a submerged hollow-fibre membrane bioreactor at pilot scale

2011

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of several operational variables on both biological and separation process performance in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor pilot plant that treats urban wastewater. The pilot plant is equipped with two industrial hollow-fibre ultrafiltration membrane modules (PURON¿ Koch Membrane Systems, 30m 2 of filtration surface each). It was operated under mesophilic conditions (at 33°C), 70days of SRT, and variable HRT ranging from 20 to 6h. The effects of the influent COD/SO 4-S ratio (ranging from 2 to 12) and the MLTS concentration (ranging from 6 to 22gL -1) were also analysed. The main performance results were about 87% of COD removal, efflu…

Hollow-fibre membraneINGENIERIA HIDRAULICABiogasUltrafiltrationEffluentsPilot ProjectsWastewater treatmentWastewaterWaste Disposal FluidIndustrial effluentPerformance assessmentBioreactorsAnaerobiosisWaste Management and DisposalHollow fiber membranePriority journalPilot plantsVolatile fatty acidWaste water managementChemistryChemical oxygen demandUrban wastewaterMethanationMembraneGeneral MedicinePulp and paper industryWaste treatmentHollow fiber reactorWastewaterIndustrial membranesSeparation techniqueMethaneBioconversionEnvironmental EngineeringUltrafiltrationBioreactorBioengineeringArticleWater PurificationBiogasBioreactorMicrofiltrationCitiesEffluentBiological water treatmentTECNOLOGIA DEL MEDIO AMBIENTESubmerged anaerobic membrane bioreactorBiological Oxygen Demand AnalysisMembranesExperimental studyRenewable Energy Sustainability and the EnvironmentEnvironmental engineeringUrban areaMembranes ArtificialBiogas productionNonhumanAnaerobic digestionPilot plantChemical oxygen demandAnoxic conditions
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The case for strategic international alliances to harness nutritional genomics for public and personal health

2005

Nutrigenomics is the study of how constituents of the diet interact with genes, and their products, to alter phenotype and, conversely, how genes and their products metabolise these constituents into nutrients, antinutrients, and bioactive compounds. Results from molecular and genetic epidemiological studies indicate that dietary unbalance can alter gene-nutrient interactions in ways that increase the risk of developing chronic disease. The interplay of human genetic variation and environmental factors will make identifying causative genes and nutrients a formidable, but not intractable, challenge. We provide specific recommendations for how to best meet this challenge and discuss the need …

Knowledge managementNutritional genomicsBiomedical Researchgenetic association030309 nutrition & dieteticsgenotypeInternational CooperationMedicine (miscellaneous)Variation (Genetics)Human genetic variationmedical researchgene–nutrient interactionsVoeding Metabolisme en GenomicaEatingNutrigenomicsenvironmental factorgenetic variabilityGlobal healthNutritional Physiological PhenomenaHealth diaparitiesimmune function2. Zero hunger0303 health sciencesNutrition and Dieteticsstrategic international alliancesarticleGenomicsdiabetes-related traitsdietary fiberHealth equityMetabolism and Genomics3. Good healthNutrigenomicsmessenger-rnaHealthMetabolisme en Genomica/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_beingNutrition Metabolism and Genomicshealth diaparitiesmedicine.medical_specialtyResearch programhapmap projectpopulation stratificationheredityphenotypeBiologyEnvironmentStrategic international alliancesnutritional health03 medical and health sciencesGene interactionnutrigenomicsSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingVoedingmedicineAnimalsHumanscomplex diseaseshuman030304 developmental biologygene identificationVLAGNutritionnonhumanbusiness.industryGenome HumanPublic healthResearchGenetic Variationpopulation geneticsGene-nutrient interactionscultural factorNutrition PhysiologyBiotechnologyDisease Models AnimalHarnessmolecular geneticsbusinessdietary intakepublic health servicecoronary-heart-diseasecarbohydrate ingestionBritish Journal of Nutrition
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Limited cross-border infections in patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Europe

2013

Background: International travel plays a role in the spread of HIV-1 across Europe. It is, however, not known whether international travel is more important for spread of the epidemic as compared to endogenous infections within single countries. In this study, phylogenetic associations among HIV of newly diagnosed patients were determined across Europe.Results: Data came from the SPREAD programme which collects samples of newly diagnosed patients that are representative for national HIV epidemics. 4260 pol sequences from 25 European countries and Israel collected in 2002-2007 were included.We identified 457 clusters including 1330 persons (31.2% of all patients). The cluster size ranged bet…

MaleEpidemiologyHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Human immunodeficiency virus 1HIV Infectionsmedicine.disease_causeVirologie généralephylogenySettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E ApplicataMen who have sex with menEMERGENCE0302 clinical medicineMedicine and Health SciencesMedicineInfection controlCluster Analysis030212 general & internal medicineIsraelPathologie maladies infectieusestravelPhylogeny0303 health sciencesMolecular EpidemiologyTravelTransmission (medicine)articlevirus transmissionIMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-13. Good healthPeer reviewEuropefemaleInfectious DiseasesSUBTYPE BDRUG-RESISTANT HIV-1RNA Viralmale homosexualAdultstructural geneMolecular Sequence DataNewly diagnosedClusters03 medical and health sciencesmaleSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingMOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGYSWITZERLANDVirologygeographic distributionHumansTransmissionIn patienthuman030304 developmental biologynonhumanMolecular epidemiologybusiness.industryResearchhigh risk populationVirologie médicalenucleotide sequenceSequence Analysis DNAHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectionVirologymajor clinical studyunindexed sequence3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicineHIV-1businessEurope HIV-1 Transmission ClustersDemographycluster analysis
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Transmission of HIV Drug Resistance and the Predicted Effect on Current First-line Regimens in Europe

2016

Transmitted human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance in Europe is stable at around 8%. The impact of baseline mutation patterns on susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs should be addressed using clinical guidelines. The impact on baseline susceptibility is largest for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

MaleHuman immunodeficiency virus 1EtravirineRNA directed DNA polymerase inhibitordarunavirHIV InfectionsSettore MED/42 - Igiene Generale E Applicata:Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public Health [Medical Subject Headings]:Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings]Salud públicageneticsInhibidores de proteasas:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Prevalence [Medical Subject Headings]atazanavirmedia_commontransmission:Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings]3. Good healthmicrobial sensitivity testpriority journalEurope ; HIV-1 ; antiretroviral therapy ; drug resistance ; transmissionHIV/AIDSlamivudineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacologyanti human immunodeficiency virus agentDrugMicrobiology (medical)medicine.medical_specialtyantiviral susceptibility:Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation [Medical Subject Headings]media_common.quotation_subjectantiretroviral therapy030106 microbiologyHIV Infections/drug therapy:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Antiviral Agents::Anti-Retroviral Agents::Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]Microbial Sensitivity TestsRILPIVIRINEArticleEFAVIRENZ03 medical and health sciencestransmitted drug resistanceSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingHumansTransmissionhuman:Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance [Medical Subject Headings]REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORSRilpivirinaINTEGRASEMUTATIONSabacavirmajor clinical studyVirologyInfecciones por VIHRegimenAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Medicine (all); Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseaseschemistryDrug resistance:Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds 1-Ring::Oxazines::Benzoxazines [Medical Subject Headings]MutationHIV-10301 basic medicinenevirapineDrug resistanceCommunicable diseases:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence Intervals [Medical Subject Headings]chemistry.chemical_compoundantiviral therapyINFECTIONMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalence:Analytical Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnaires [Medical Subject Headings]ViralNon-U.S. Gov'tReverse-transcriptase inhibitorantiretrovirus agentResearch Support Non-U.S. Gov'tMedicine (all)Human immunodeficiency virus infected patientMiddle AgedvirologyPREVALENCEAntiretroviral therapyEncuestas y CuestionariosANTIRETROVIRAL TREATMENTEuropeInfectious DiseasesHIV-1/drug effectsHIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacologyRilpivirineReverse Transcriptase Inhibitors:Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV Infections [Medical Subject Headings]FemaleHIV drug resistancemedicine.drugAdultHuman immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor:Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Nitriles::Rilpivirine [Medical Subject Headings]EfavirenzAnti-HIV AgentsResearch SupportResistencia a medicamentosSettore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVEantiviral resistanceInternal medicineAnti-HIV Agents/pharmacologyDrug Resistance ViralJournal Articlemedicine:Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action::Enzyme Inhibitors::Protease Inhibitors [Medical Subject Headings]abacavir plus lamivudineEuropa (Continente)Antiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmission; Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Drug Resistance Viral; Europe; Female; HIV Infections; HIV Protease Inhibitors; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mutation; Prevalence; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Microbiology (medical); Infectious DiseasesemtricitabinenonhumanIntervalos de confianzadrug resistanceMutaciónAntiretroviral therapy; Drug resistance; Europe; HIV-1; Transmissionbusiness.industryHIVpredictionInhibidores de la transcriptasa inversaHIV Protease InhibitorsHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectiontenofovirINDIVIDUALSDrug Resistance Viral/geneticsBenzoxazinasETRAVIRINEdrug effects3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicinePrevalenciabusiness
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Increase in transmitted resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Europe

2014

Background: One out of ten newly diagnosed patients in Europe was infected with a virus carrying a drug resistant mutation. We analysed the patterns over time for transmitted drug resistance mutations (TDRM) using data from the European Spread program.Methods: Clinical, epidemiological and virological data from 4317 patients newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection between 2002 and 2007 were analysed. Patients were enrolled using a pre-defined sampling strategy.Results: The overall prevalence of TDRM in this period was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.1-9.8). Interestingly, significant changes over time in TDRM caused by the different drug classes were found. Whereas nucleoside resistance mutations remained con…

Malevirus strainResistanceHIV InfectionsDrug resistanceTHERAPYNucleoside Reverse Transcriptase InhibitorANTIRETROVIRAL DRUG-RESISTANCE0302 clinical medicineMedical microbiologyGenotypeMedicine and Health SciencesPrevalenceHIV Infection030212 general & internal medicineUNITED-KINGDOMPhylogeny0303 health sciencesCommunicable diseaseTransmission (medicine)adultvirus mutationUPDATED RECOMMENDATIONSvirus transmission3. Good healthEuropeInfectious Diseasesfemalerisk factorvirus resistanceFemaleNAIVE PATIENTSSOCIETY-USA PANELResearch ArticleHumanAdultmedicine.medical_specialtyGenotypeAnti-HIV AgentsVirusArticle03 medical and health sciencesSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-beingmaleMOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGYDrug Resistance Viralmedicineproteinase inhibitorHumansTransmissioncontrolled studyhumanmolecular phylogeny030304 developmental biologynonhumanMUTATIONSbusiness.industryAnti-HIV Agentnucleotide sequencenonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitorHuman immunodeficiency virus 1 infectionVirologymajor clinical studyunindexed sequenceParasitology3121 General medicine internal medicine and other clinical medicineMutationHIV-1business
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Multidrug and broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistance among Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis clinical isolates in southern Italy.

2002

ABSTRACT From 1992 to 1997, only six sporadic isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis from patients with cases of gastroenteritis in southern Italy exhibited resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Five isolates produced SHV-12, and one isolate encoded a class C β-lactamase. The bla SHV-12 gene was located in at least two different self-transferable plasmids, one of which also carried a novel class 1 integron.

Microbiology (medical)Serotypemedicine.drug_classEpidemiologySalmonella enteritidisCephalosporinIntegronbeta-LactamasesMicrobiologyPlasmidDrug Resistance Multiple BacterialGenotypemedicineHumansamoxicillin plus clavulanic acid; ampicillin; antibiotic agent; aztreonam; beta lactamase; cefotaxime; cefoxitin; ceftazidime; cephalosporin derivative; chloramphenicol; kanamycin; plasmid DNA; streptomycin; sulfonamide; tobramycin antibiotic resistance; article; bacterial infection; bacterium isolate; DNA probe; gastroenteritis; gastrointestinal infection; Italy; nonhuman; nucleotide sequence; phenotype; plasmid; priority journal; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica Base Sequence; beta-Lactamases; Cephalosporin Resistance; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance Multiple Bacterial; Gastroenteritis; Genes Bacterial; Humans; Italy; Plasmids; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Infections Bacteria (microorganisms); Negibacteria; Salmonella; Salmonella entericaCephalosporin ResistanceCross InfectionbiologyBase SequenceCephalosporin Resistancebiochemical phenomena metabolism and nutritionbacterial infections and mycosesbiology.organism_classificationVirologyGastroenteritisItalySalmonella enteritidisSalmonella entericaGenes BacterialSalmonella Infectionsbiology.proteinPlasmidsJournal of clinical microbiology
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Structure of Rhodococcus erythropolis limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase reveals a novel active site

2003

Epoxide hydrolases are essential for the processing of epoxide-containing compounds in detoxification or metabolism. The classic epoxide hydrolases have an alpha/beta hydrolase fold and act via a two-step reaction mechanism including an enzyme-substrate intermediate. We report here the structure of the limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase from Rhodococcus erythropolis, solved using single-wavelength anomalous dispersion from a selenomethionine-substituted protein and refined at 1.2 A resolution. This enzyme represents a completely different structure and a novel one-step mechanism. The fold features a highly curved six-stranded mixed beta-sheet, with four alpha-helices packed onto it to create a …

Models MolecularAFSG Stafafdelingen (WUATV)10050 Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicologydrug protein bindingEnantioselectivityEpoxide hydrolaseCrystallography X-Rayuncultured actinomyceteCatalytic Domain2400 General Immunology and Microbiologyalpha helixRhodococcuscholesterol epoxide hydrolasenaphthalene 12-dioxygenasedcl14limonene 12 epoxide hydrolaseEpoxide hydrolaseBacteria (microorganisms)delta(5)-3-ketosteroid isomeraseEpoxide HydrolasesLimonene-12-epoxide hydrolaseGeneral Neurosciencearticle2800 General NeuroscienceActinobacteria (class)Articlesagrobacterium-radiobacterEnzyme structureRecombinant Proteinsunclassified drugenzyme structurereaction analysisBiochemistrypriority journalenzyme active siteMechanism2-dioxygenaseDimerizationBiotechnologychemical reactioncrystal structureaspergillus-nigermacromolecular structuresStereochemistrybeta sheetvalpromideMolecular Sequence Data610 Medicine & healthGenetics and Molecular BiologyBiologyGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyBacterial Proteinssite directed mutagenesis1300 General Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyHydrolase1312 Molecular BiologyAmino Acid SequencedetoxificationRhodococcus erythropolisBiologyMonoterpene degradationMolecular Biologyprotein data-bankenzyme substrate complexEnzyme substrate complexnonhumancatalysisSequence Homology Amino AcidGeneral Immunology and Microbiologybacterial enzymeActive sitecrystal-structureAFSG Staff Departments (WUATV)enzyme metabolismProtein SubunitsenzymeEpoxide HydrolasesGeneral Biochemistrybiology.proteinMutagenesis Site-Directed570 Life sciences; biologyselenomethioninenaphthalene 1Alpha helix
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Physiological,anatomical and biomass partitioning responses to ozone in the Mediterranean endemic plant Lamottea dianae

2011

Ozone effects on the perennial forb Lamottea dianae were studied in an open-top chamber experiment. Ozone was found to induce reductions in CO 2 assimilation and water use efficiency in the leaves of this species. These reductions were mainly related to a decline in the in vivo CO 2 fixation capacity of Rubisco (V c,max), rather than to stomatal limitations or photoinhibitory damage (F v:F m). In addition to chloroplast degeneration, other observed effects were callose accumulation, formation of pectinaceous wart-like cell wall exudates and phloem alterations. Moreover, ozone exposure significantly reduced root dry biomass. The possible relevance of these adverse effects for Mediterranean f…

Plant water useChlorophyllPhotoinhibitionEndemic plantsRubiscoSouthern EuropeChloroplastsPerennial plantPhysiological processHealth Toxicology and MutagenesisEnvironmental stressAsteraceaeEnvironmental protectionPlant RootsEnvironmental impactchemistry.chemical_compoundAnatomical variationIn vivo studyPhysiological responseBiomassPhotosynthesisBiomass partitioningBIOLOGIA VEGETALfood and beveragesGeneral MedicinePollutionPollenBiomass partitioningAnatomyStomatal conductanceCarbon dioxide fixationBOTANICAStomatal conductanceBiologyPhloemPhotosynthesisArticleAdverse outcomeOzoneLamottea dianaeBiomass allocationBotanyPhotoinhibitionSpecies conservationCalloseRuBisCOPlant damagePublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthWater use efficiencyPlant exudatePlantNonhumanPlant LeaveschemistryCarbon dioxideOxidative stressSpainbiology.proteinDegenerationPhloemEndemic speciesRisk factorControlled study
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