La famille des Pinots

Table ronde avec la participation de viticulteurs et d'experts. Video youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhwUT6hE86g

Le chardonnay : caractéristiques et adaptabilité

International audience

La complexité du problème des intrants dans les vignes

Réduction des intrants chimiques de la vigne au vin par le biocontrôle et la bioprotection

Potentialisation de l’efficacité d’un stimulateur de défense par un biostimulant contre le mildiou de la vigne

L’induction de résistance des cultures aux maladies par des Stimulateurs de Défenses desPlantes (SDP) est l’une des stratégies envisagées pour réduire l'utilisation des pesticides de synthèse.Cependant, la variabilité de son efficacité au champ freine son développement. L’une des raisons estque, contrairement aux fongicides qui agissent directement sur les agents pathogènes, les SDP sollicitentl'immunité de la plante, dont la performance peut dépendre de son état physiologique. Outre les SDP,d'autres produits utilisés en agriculture, les biostimulants (BS), sont décrits pour améliorer certainesfonctions de la plante. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ce travail était de vérifier sur vigne si …

Les biostimulants ont-ils un impact sur la résistance induite par des éliciteurs contre le mildiou de la vigne ?

SPEINRAUBIPM DOCT; La culture de la vigne constitue un intérêt économique majeur, mais la plupart des cépages sont sensibles aux maladies cryptogamiques telles que le mildiou. Protéger les vignobles contre ces maladies requiert souvent des fongicides de synthèse dont certains posent des problèmes environnementaux et sanitaires. Une stratégie potentielle serait d’utiliser des éliciteurs, molécules capables d’activer les réactions de défenses et d’établir un état de résistance face à une future attaque d’agents pathogènes. Cette stratégie est efficace sur des vignes cultivées en serres, mais reste non maîtrisée en conditions extérieures. Notre objectif est donc d’identifier des solutions susc…

Pitch Appetite for innovation. Organisé par le pôle de compétitivité Vitagora

National audience

Défenses contre les maladies : quel coût physiologique pour la plante ? Vidéo You Tube tournée par le BIVB dans le cadre du Plan Dépérissement, février 2017.

Seeking an apoplastic stomatal dysregulation factor - Bioassay guided fractionation and proteomic analysis of apoplastic fluids from Vitis vinifera leaves infected by Plasmopara viticola

Oligosaccharide-triggered plant immunity and plant protection

National audience

Identification and characterization of the grapevine flagellin receptor vvfls2

International audience

Influence of leaf age on induced resistance in grapevine against Plasmopara viticola

International audience; Sulfated laminarin (PS3) has previously been shown to induce resistance of grapevine leaves against the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grape downy mildew. Here, we observed that the level of PS3-induced resistance (PS3-IR) was higher in the adult leaf (in position P3) than in the younger, not fully expanded leaf (in position P1, located above P3). By investigating grapevine defense reactions upon PS3 treatment and inoculation, we found that the production of H2O2, of phytoalexins, and the deposition of phenolics were more abundant in P3 than in P1 leaves. In addition, PS3 significantly reduced stomatal colonization by zoospores only in P3 leaves. T…

Effects of resveratrol on the ultrastructure of Botrytis cinerea conidia and biological significance in plant/pathogen interactions

International audience; Many roles have been ascribed to stilbenes, namely as antimicrobial, deterrent or repellent compounds in plants, protecting them from attacks by fungi, bacteria, nematodes or herbivores, acting both as constitutive and active defense (phytoalexin) compounds. More recently, stilbenes (especially resveratrol and its derivatives) were acclaimed for their wondrous effects and wide range of purported healing and preventive powers as cardioprotective, antitumor, neuroprotective and antioxidant agents. Although there is a huge number of works concerning the role of resveratrol in human health, reports on the antifungal activity of this compound are still scarce. This study …

Membre du comité d'organisation scientifique

Carbohydrates in plant immunity and plant protection: roles and potential application as foliar sprays.

International audience; Increasing interest is devoted to carbohydrates for their roles in plant immunity. Some of them are elicitors of plant defenses whereas other ones act as signaling molecules in a manner similar to phytohormones. This review first describes the main classes of carbohydrates associated to plant immunity, their role and mode of action. More precisely, the state of the art about perception of "PAMP, MAMP, and DAMP (Pathogen-, Microbe-, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) type" oligosaccharides is presented and examples of induced defense events are provided. A particular attention is paid to the structure/activity relationships of these compounds. The role of sugars as…

Mycorhization et viticulture

Prod 2017-372 SPE IPM INRA UB; National audience

La biostimulation : un levier possible d'augmentation d'efficacité des stimulateurs de défense des plantes ?

Les microdoses de sucres : une stratégie de biocontrôle chez la vigne ?

Mycorhization et viticulture : État des lieux et services écosystémiques rendus au vignoble

Prod 2017-371 SPE IPM INRA UB; National audience

Antimicrobial Activity of Resveratrol Analogues

Stilbenes, especially resveratrol and its derivatives, have become famous for their positive effects on a wide range of medical disorders, as indicated by a huge number of published studies. A less investigated area of research is their antimicrobial properties. A series of 13 trans-resveratrol analogues was synthesized via Wittig or Heck reactions, and their antimicrobial activity assessed on two different grapevine pathogens responsible for severe diseases in the vineyard. The entire series, together with resveratrol, was first evaluated on the zoospore mobility and sporulation level of Plasmopara viticola (the oomycete responsible for downy mildew). Stilbenes displayed a spectrum of acti…

Characterization of the role of flagellin in the innate immunity triggered by the endophytic pgpr burkholderia phytofirmans in arabidopsis and grapevine

International audience

Changes in the Phytoalexin Content of Various Vitis Spp. in Response to Ultraviolet C Elicitation

The phytoalexin production potential of three American Vitis species and that of three cultivars of Vitis vinifera were evaluated in response to UV-C irradiation. Time course changes in resveratrol, piceid, epsilon-viniferin, and pterostilbene contents were studied within 3 days after a short UV-C irradiation. Results show that the two major stilbenes accumulated as a response to UV-C elicitation are resveratrol and epsilon-viniferin, a resveratrol dehydrodimer, the concentration of both compounds usually reaching quantities >100 microgram/g of fresh weight. In contrast, piceid and pterostilbene were constantly produced in low quantities. Owing to the results obtained, the role of stilbene …

Stomatal deregulation in Plasmopara viticola-infected grapevine leaves.

International audience; In grapevine, the penetration and sporulation of Plasmopara viticola occur via stomata, suggesting functional relationships between guard cells and the pathogen. This assumption was supported by our first observation that grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Marselan) cuttings infected by P. viticola wilted more rapidly than healthy ones when submitted to water starvation. • Here, complementary approaches measuring stomatal conductance and infrared thermographic and microscopic observations were used to investigate stomatal opening/closure in response to infection. • In infected leaves, stomata remained open in darkness and during water stress, leading to increased transpir…

Table Ronde : Tester & Mesurer l’efficacité des formulations au laboratoire et in situ.

National audience

Imagerie pour les maladies de la vigne

La viticulture est confrontée à des problèmes majeurs dont la lutte contre les maladies cryptogamiques telles que l’oïdium ou la pourriture grise. Elle utilise alors majoritairement des produits phytosanitaires de synthèse susceptibles de poser des problèmes environnementaux et sanitaires, et de favoriser la sélection de souches de microorganismes pathogènes résistantes. Dans le cadre du plan Ecophyto 2018, la recherche de méthodes visant à diminuer, voire à remplacer, les fongicides de synthèse au vignoble, a pris toute sa place. Deux approches peuvent alors être conduites pour répondre à cet objectif : 1) la réduction du nombre de traitements et des doses appliquées et 2) le développement…

.) Clone-dependent expression of grapevine esca disease.

International audience; The occurrence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) increases gradually within vineyards, leading to important economic losses. Several factors could affect grapevine susceptibility to GTDs, especially climate, vine age, soil fertilization, and also rootstock, cultivar and clone. For a cultivar, the level of disease expression can vary with region and from year to year. In this context, our objective was to assess if the expression of esca disease, one of the most widespread GTDs, was also clone-dependent. Two clones (76 and 95) of the “Chardonnay” cultivar, grown in the same plot, were compared according to their developmental and physiological traits, metabolome, and…

PODCAST PPR Vitae

In this podcast, François Delmotte, Marielle Adrian and Hervé Hannin, the coordinators of the VITAE research project, present the strategies developed by VITAE to grow and protect vines differently. Vincent Pétré, the podcast's creator, lends his voice to the discussion to find out how to support the transition to agroecological winegrowing socio-ecosystems.

Does leaf position influence induced resistance to grape downy mildew?

National audience; We observed that protection against grape downy mildew achieved by resistance inducers was higher in the adult leaf than in the younger, not fully expanded leaf. Using sulfated laminarin as inducer, this difference of efficacy could be correlated to stronger defense reactions (i. e. H2O2, defense gene expression) in adult leaf as compared to the younger one. These findings should be taken into account in disease control strategies involving induced resistance.

An ethoxylated surfactant enhances the penetration of the sulfated laminarin through leaf cuticle and stomata, leading to increased induced resistance against grapevine downy mildew

International audience; Some β-1,3-glucans and particularly sulfated laminarin (PS3) are known as resistance inducers (RIs) in grapevine against the downy mildew. However, their efficacy in vineyard is still often too low, which might be caused by a limited penetration through the leaf cuticle following spray application. We used (14) C-sucrose uptake experiments with grapevine leaves in order to select a surfactant as saccharide penetration enhancer. Our results showed that though sucrose foliar uptake was low, it was strongly enhanced by Dehscofix CO125 (DE), a highly ethoxylated surfactant. Fluorescent saccharides were then produced and laser scanning microscopy was used to analyze their…

L'immunité de la vigne : principe et application au vignoble »

National audience; L’objectif est d’expliquer les principes de l’immunité des plantes, plus spécifiquement chez la vigne (de façon vulgarisée) et d’indiquer, sur la base de nos travaux, quelles sont les possibilités et les limites d’une stratégie de protection du vignoble intégrant des stimulateurs de défenses.

Effets combinés de biostimulants et de stimulateurs de défense des plantes sur la protection du blé vis-à-vis de l’oïdium et de la septoriose

International audience

Biological activity of resveratrol, a stilbenic compound from grapevines, against Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent for gray mold

The biological activity of resveratrol, a stilbenic compound synthesized by grapevines in response to various stresses, was reevaluated against Botrytis cinerea using a novel in vitro system that enabled direct observation of the fungus with an inverted microscope. We determined that 90 μg resveratrol/ml reduced germination of B. cinerea conidia by ca. 50%. Moreover, resveratrol was shown to significantly reduce mycelial growth of B. cinerea at concentrations ranging from 60 to 140 μg/ml. Exposure to resveratrol at concentrations ranging from 60 to 140 μg/ml resulted in cytological changes in B. cinerea, such as production of secondary or tertiary germ tubes by conidia, cytoplasmic granulat…

Activation of Grapevine Defense Mechanisms: Theoretical and Applied Approaches

part 4.; International audience; Grapevine, as other plants, possesses an innate immune system that usually prevents infection by pathogens. General elicitors are compounds of different biochemical families capable of inducing plant defense reactions. In grapevine, the cascade of defense events induced by elicitors has been studied among others in cell suspensions. The perception of the elicitor triggers signaling events that allow the activation of defense genes encoding PR proteins and other proteins involved in phytoalexin production and cell wall reinforcement. The grapevine phytoalexins resveratrol and derivated compounds have been largely studied. In addition to their antimicrobial ac…

Clone-Dependent Expression of Esca Disease Revealed by Leaf Metabolite Analysis

International audience; Grapevine trutk diseases, especially Esca, are of major concern since they gradually alter vineyards worldwide and cause heavy economic losses. The expression of Esca disease symptoms depends on several factors, including the grapevine cultivar. In this context, a possible clone-dependent expression of the Esca disease was studied. Two clones of 'Chardonnay' grown in the same plot were compared according to their developmental and physiological traits, metabolome, and foliar symptom expression. Analysis of their leaf metabolome highlighted differences related to symptom expression. Interestingly, the content of a few specific metabolites exhibited opposite variations…

2022 : quelle réponse de la vigne à la contrainte climatique ?

S'adapter pour protéger la vigne autrement. Interview sur les recherches au sein de l'UMR Agroécologie et le biocontrôle dans les vignobles

National audience

L’holobionte vigne, un levier biologique pour lutter contre les dépérissements ?

National audience

L’holobionte « vigne » face au dépérissement ou quand le « vivre ensemble » n’est plus à l’équilibre

Prod 2019-165 SPE EA IPM BIOmE GenoSol INRA UB; National audience

OMICS approaches for the characterization of elicitor-induced resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew

Sesquiterpene volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are markers of elicitation by sulfated laminarine in grapevine

SPE IPM UB CT1; International audience; Inducing resistance in plants by the application of elicitors of defense reactions is an attractive plant protection strategy, particularly for grapevine (Vitis vinifera), which is susceptible to severe fungal diseases. Although induced resistance (IR) can be successful under controlled conditions, in most cases, IR is not sufficiently effective for practical disease control under outdoor conditions. Progress in the application of IR requires a better understanding of grapevine defense mechanisms and the ability to monitor defense markers to identify factors, such as physiological and environmental factors, that can impact IR in the vineyard. Volatile…

Volatilomics in the vineyard

SPE IPM CNRS INRA UB; National audience

Volatile organic compounds: a role in elicitor-induced resistance of grapevine against pathogens?

International audience; As Vitis vinifera varieties are susceptible to fungal diseases, numerous chemical treatments are generally required to ensure the quantity and quality of the harvest. However, in the context of sustainable viticulture, there are increasing societal request, political incitation, and winegrowers’ awareness to reduce the use of pesticides. Among possible solutions the use of elicitors that could be included in integrated pest management or biocontrol strategies might be very promising. These bioactive compounds are able to trigger plant defences, leading to induced resistance (IR) against pathogens. Despite IR can be elicited very successfully in controlled environment…

Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in Plasmopara viticola-infected grapevine leaves.

International audience; The oomycete Plasmopara viticola is responsible for downy mildew, a severe grapevine disease. In infected grapevine leaves, we have observed an abnormal starch accumulation at the end of the dark period, suggesting modifications in starch metabolism. Therefore, several complementary approaches, including transcriptomic analyses, measurements of enzyme activities, and sugar quantification, were performed in order to investigate and to understand the effects of P. viticola infection on leaf starch and-to a larger extent-carbohydrate metabolism. Our results indicate that starch accumulation is associated with an increase in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) activit…

A methodological framework to assess whether biostimulants can impact grapevine physiology and its responsiveness to elicitor-induced resistance

National audience

How Plasmopara viticola is able to alter grapevine leaf physiology

National audience

Biostimulation of grapevine and wheat : mode of action and possible agronomic uses

SPE IPM UBSPEIPMUB; Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most important grape pathogen in Europe and North America. Although the control is traditionally performed with fungicides, the appearance of resistant pathogen populations and the possible adverse effects on human and environment health are spurring the search for alternative means. In the present investigation, two protein hydrolysates of soybean (soy) and casein (cas) origin were successfully tested against P. viticola. On Vitis vinifera cv. Marselan plants, the application of soy and cas reduced the infected leaf surface by 76 and 63%, as compared to the untreated control, respectively. Since both hydrolysate…

A combined use of biostimulants and resistance inducers to improve wheat protection

Prod 2017-374 SPE IPM UB DOCT; International audience

Membres du comité d’organisation

National audience

Metabolism of stilbene phytoalexins by Botrytis cinerea: 1. Characterization of a resveratrol dehydrodimer

Abstract Resveratrol, a grapevine phytoalexin, is metabolized by a laccase-like stilbene-oxidase of Botrytis cinerea, the causal organism for grey mould. Characterization of one major metabolite formed during this degradation process as a resveratrol dehydrodimer allowed us to precize the reaction mechanism of this enzyme on stilbenes.

Induction of Phytoalexin (Resveratrol) Synthesis in Grapevine Leaves Treated with Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3)

Expression clone-dépendante de l’Esca chez la vigne

National audience; L’incidence des maladies du bois de la vigne (MDB) augmente graduellement au sein des vignobles, causant d’importantes pertes économiques. Le coût mondial du remplacement de vignes malades est estimé à plus d’1,5 milliards de dollars par an [1]. En France, presque 13% du vignoble est affecté [2]. Plusieurs facteurs pourraient influencer la sensibilité aux MDB, notamment le climat, l’âge de la vigne, la fertilisation du sol, le porte-greffe ainsi que le cépage [3]. Actuellement, aucun cépage tolérant aux MDB n’a pu être identifié et le niveau de l’expression des MDB pour un cépage donné peut varier en fonction de la région et d’une année à l’autre [3], et probablement selo…

Induced resistance in grapevine : from concept to vineyard application

International audience

Sesquiterpenes VOCs are markers of elicitation by sulfated laminarine in grapevine

International audience

Présentation du projet FUI Iris +, réunion Feedback projet Wine Cloud organisée par la Cave coopérative de Lugny (71)

National audience

Induced resistance as a strategy for vineyard protection

National audience; As most grown grapevine Vitis vinifera varieties are susceptible to diseases such as downy and powdery mildews, numerous treatments are required to ensure a satisfactory yield and harvest quality. However, the use of phytochemical fungicides has serious drawbacks: some of them are potentially harmful for the environment and human health and contribute to the selection of resistant pathogen strains. Nowadays, in an objective of sustainable viticulture, there is increasing societal request, political incitation and winegrower’s awareness to reduce the use of pesticides. For these reasons, alternative strategies of protection are under research. In our laboratory, we are stu…

Solutions innovantes pour la santé de la vigne et du blé associant applications de biostimulants et SDP à des technologies d'imagerie et d'agroéquipements

IPMSPEUB; Solutions innovantes pour la santé de la vigne et du blé associant applications de biostimulants et SDP à des technologies d'imagerie et d'agroéquipements. Journée Recherches Vigne et Vin en Bourgogne

Les nanotechnologies au service du développement du vin

National audience; Vous attendez une nouvelle révolution ? Vous souhaitez élaborer des méthodes d’investigation sur les cellules de vigne, les levures, les bactéries, des procédures d’identification de pesticides, des biocapteurs qui pourront détecter des molécules spécifiques comme le resvératrol, des nanorobots qui pourront pénétrer à l'intérieur des bouteilles pour évaluer la qualité d’un vin... Les nanotechnologies vous permettent de refaire le monde atome par atome, molécule par molécule, d’assembler des nano-objets en vue d’applications particulières : modification des propriétés du conditionnement pour garder l’oxygène à distance, le nettoyage ionique... Les nanotechnologies peuvent …

Grapevine vocs emissions triggered by elicitation –assessment of two french vineyards

International audience; Grapevine foliar volatile organic compounds (VOCs) releases are induced by elicitor applications.Their emissions have been followed along the growing season on two geographically separatedBurgundy and Bordeaux (Chardonnay and Cabernet franc cultivars, respectively) French vineyards. Inyear 2019, fortunately lacking of endogenous disease, VOCs were collected under non-destructivemode, in four hours with SBSE sensors entrapped into a confinement Teflon bag. Then the monitoringof VOCs enables to distinguish between weak (COS-OGA (Bastid©) and CuSO4) and strong elicitors(MeJA).Although monoterpene Ocimenes are constitutively present among the scent of the twovineyards, t…

Altérations de la couleur des vignes : maladies et ravageurs contribuent à la palette

National audience

Trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate induce stomatal movements and interfere with ABA-induced stomatal closure in grapevine

Aims: The effects of trehalose and trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), among other sugars, were assessed on grapevine stomatal movements. Methods and results: Epidermal peels were used to assess the effects of sugars. Low concentrations of trehalose and T6P (1 μM) induced an osmotic-independent reduction of the stomatal aperture in light conditions. Furthermore, ABA-induced stomatal closure was reduced by sugar application in association with lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species in guard cells. Similar effects, although weaker, were observed in response to the disaccharides sucrose and maltose, but not in response to the monosaccharides fructose and glucose. Conclusion: This study clearly…

Biovi : a research program for reducing chemical input in vine and wine

Decrease of chemical inputs during vine management and winemaking is of great importance from a political and societal point of view. In our ongoing project we propose alternative tools to chemicals in the vineyard and the cellar. We have compared a conventional vineyard protection strategy to an alternative strategy using copper and biocontrol products (Biocontrol) against downy and powdery mildews. Both strategies were compared regarding sanitary quality, berries and/or must enological parameters, and physical, biochemical and biological characteristics (berry surface observation, proteomic, metabolomic, volatilomic, metagenomic analyses). Musts obtained with both strategies were then use…

Vins et Champagnes - Retour au naturel

SPE IPM UB

Etude des mécanismes de défense de la vigne et induction de résistance (IR) aux maladies

HPLC analysis of grapevine phytoalexins coupling photoperiode array detection and fluorometry

International audience

MOOC : "Open Wine University 2"

Plan du cours Semaine 1 : Introduction Entre sol et climat Micro-organismes du vin Premiers pas en dégustation + support sur la vinification des vins blancs et des vins rouges Semaine 2 : Le vin en danger ? Climat et viticulture Principales maladies et ravageurs de la vigne Economie mondiale du vin après la crise du phylloxéra Semaine 3 : Façonner le vin Géologie et sols des terroirs bourguignons Vin et diversité microbienne Marchés du vin Semaine 4 : Maîtriser son terroir Construction du terroir de la vigne Vinification des vins spéciaux : l'exemple de la production de vins jaunes du Jura Défauts du vin Semaine 5 : Mettre le vin à table Mise en bouteille du vin Vieillissement du vin Le vin…

Toward the Identification of Two Glycoproteins Involved in the Stomatal Deregulation of Downy Mildew–Infected Grapevine Leaves

SPE Pôle IPM UB; International audience; Stomata remain abnormally opened and unresponsive to abscisic acid in grapevine leaves infected by downy mildew. This deregulation occurs from 3 days post inoculation and increases concomitantly with leaf colonization by the pathogen. Using epidermal peels, we demonstrated that the active compound involved in this deregulation is located in the apoplast. Biochemical assays showed that the active compound present in the apoplastic fluids isolated from Plasmopara viticola infected grapevine leaves (IAF) is a CysCys bridge-independent, thermostable and glycosylated protein. Fractionation guided assays based on chromatography / stomatal response and prot…

Application foliaire et biodisponibilité des stimulateurs de défenses des plantes. Spécificités et limites en viticulture

IPMSPEINRAUBDOCT; Application foliaire et biodisponibilité des stimulateurs de défenses des plantes. Spécificités et limites en viticulture

The grapevine flagellin receptor VvFLS2 differentially recognizes flagellin-derived epitopes from the endophytic growth-promoting bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans and plant pathogenic bacteria.

International audience; The role of flagellin perception in the context of plant beneficial bacteria still remains unclear. Here, we characterized the flagellin sensing system flg22-FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) in grapevine, and analyzed the flagellin perception in the interaction with the endophytic plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Burkholderia phytofirmans. The functionality of the grapevine FLS2 receptor, VvFLS2, was demonstrated by complementation assays in the Arabidopsis thaliana fls2 mutant, which restored flg22-induced H2O2 production and growth inhibition. Using synthetic flg22 peptides from different bacterial origins, we compared recognition specificities between VvFLS2…

The endopolygalacturonase 1 from botrytis cinerea activates grapevine defense reactions unrelated to its enzyumatic activity

A purified glycoprotein from Botrytis cinerea(strain T4), identified as endopolygalacturonase 1 (T4BcPG1) by mass spectrometry analysis, has been shown to activate defense reactions in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Gamay). These reactions include calcium influx, production of active oxygen species, activation of two mitogen-activated protein kinases, defense gene transcript accumulation, and phytoalexin production. Most of these defense reactions were also activated in grapevine in response to purified oligogalacturonides (OGA) with a degree of polymerization of 9 to 20. In vivo, these active OGA might be a part of the released products resulting from endopolygalacturonase activity on plan…

Cultivar- and Wood Area-Dependent Metabolomic Fingerprints of Grapevine Infected by Botryosphaeria Dieback

International audience; Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the most significant grapevine trunk diseases that affects the sustainability of the vineyards and provokes economic losses. The causal agents, Botryosphaeriaceae species, live in and colonize the wood of the perennial organs causing wood necrosis. Diseased vines show foliar symptoms, chlorosis, or apoplexy, associated to a characteristic brown stripe under the bark. According to the susceptibility of the cultivars, specific proteins such as PR-proteins and other defense-related proteins are accumulated in the brown stripe compared with the healthy woody tissues. In this study, we enhanced the characterization of the brown stripe and …

Induced resistance in grapevine: from concept to vineyard application

SPE IPM Chapitre 11; International audience

The holobiont, a biological lever to manage some declines of grapevine

International audience; The concept of a multicellular organism to describe complex organisms composed of groups of analogous cells called tissues and organs with specific functions, shows currently some limitations. An organism such as a plant does not live alone, but closely associated with different microbial communities making up its microbiomes. The microbiomes, specific to a tissue, interact with the plant and modulate some of its functions, including physiology and immunity. The host and the associated microbiomes define a holobiont, whose function is influenced by the spatio-temporal dynamics of their interactions. Thus, a dysfunction of the grapevine holobiont (linked for example t…

An endophytic bacillus subtilis strain protects grapevine against downy mildew by direct effect and defense stimulation

National audience; Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, is one of the most devastating grape pathogen. Phytochemicals are generally used to control infections, but the appearance of resistant strains and the concern for possible adverse effects on environment and human health are increasing the search for alternative strategies. Biological control has received a great deal of attention as an alternative and promising measure to control different plant diseases. Many antagonistic microorganisms, including Bacillus spp., have been exploited against different pathogens. Bacillus spp. activity results from multiple modes of action including antibiosis, competition, a…

Image analysis methods for assessment of H2O2 production and Plasmopara viticola development in grapevine leaves: application to the evaluation of resistance to downy mildew.

article i nfo The grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) provokes severe damages and destroys the harvest in the absence of an effective protection. Numerous fungicide treatments are thus generally necessary. To promote a sustainable production, alternative strategies of protection including new antifungal molecules, resistant geno- types or elicitor-induced resistance are under trial. To evaluate the relevance of these strategies, resistance tests are required. In this context, three image analysis methods were developed to read the results of tests performed to assessP.viticolasporulation and mycelial development, and H 2 O 2 production in leaves. They have been validated using elic…

Les stimulateurs de défense des plantes (SDP) en viticulture - Un tour d’horizon sur les principes, les applications et les perspectives

IPMSPEINRAUBCNRS; Les stimulateurs de défense des plantes (SDP) en viticulture - Un tour d’horizon sur les principes, les applications et les perspectives

Dual mode of action of grape cane extracts against Botrytis cinerea

International audience; Crude extracts of Vitis vinifera canes represent a natural source of stilbene compounds with well characterized antifungals properties. In our trials, exogenous application of a stilbene extract (SE) obtained from grape canes on grapevine leaves reduces the necrotic lesions caused by Botrytis cinerea. The SE showed to possess a direct antifungal activity by inhibiting the mycelium growth. The activation of some grapevine defense mechanism was also investigated. H2O2 production and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation cascades as well as accumulation of stilbenoid phytoalexins were explored on grapevine cell suspension. Moreover, the t…

Témoignage sur les projets collaboratifs. Vidéo enregistrée par le pôle de compétitivité Vitagora

Le matériel végétal en viticulture : un levier d’adaptation face aux évolutions

National audience

Are grapevine stomata involved in the elicitor-induced protection against downy mildew?

Stomata, natural pores bordered by guard cells, regulate transpiration and gas exchanges between plant leaves and the atmosphere. These natural openings also constitute a way of penetration for microorganisms. In plants, the perception of potentially pathogenic microorganisms or elicitors of defense reactions induces a cascade of events, including H2O2 production, that allows the activation of defense genes, leading to defense reactions. Similar signaling events occur in guard cells in response to the perception of abscisic acid (ABA), leading to stomatal closure. Moreover, few elicitors were reported to induce stomatal closure in Arabidopsis and Vicia faba leaves. Because responses to ABA…

Membres du comité d'organisation scientifique

Metabolomic and cytological approaches to better understand grapevine trunk diseases disorders

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are devastating diseases involving xylem-inhabiting fungi. Among them, Esca and Botryosphaeria dieback affect vineyards in major worldwide grape-producing areas. The causal fungi alter the woody issues and could produce toxins that disturb the plant physiology, leading to chronic or apolectic leaf symptoms. The unique effective fungicide against these diseases, sodium arsenite, is now prohibited because of toxicity. As GTDs are complex and still partly unknown, the identification of protection strategies remain a deadlock. Global and targeted approaches were therefore conducted to get new information on the impact of the diseases and sodium arsenite treatment…

Effect of water and heat stresses on the physiology of Ugni blanc infected by Neofusicoccum parvum

International audience; Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the most widespread and prevalent grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in Europe. Symptoms include necrosis of perennial organs of grapevine while external symptoms include bud necrosis, leaf discoloration and dead arms although incidence and severity vary from year to year. The causal agents of this disease are Botryosphaeriaceae species with Neofusicoccum parvum being one of the most prevalent. Their aggressiveness were reported to be influenced by environmental factors particularly temperature increasing disease severity. Thus, our study investigated the influence of heat and water stress on the grapevine / N. parvum interaction. Cuttin…

VITAE - Cultivating the grapevine without pesticides: towards agroecological wine-producing socio-ecosystems

Les biostimulants améliorent-ils la résistance induite par des éliciteurs contre le mildiou de la vigne ?

National audience

Répercussions des dépérissements à Botryosphaeriacées au niveau des rameaux de vigne : étude spatio-temporelle aux échelles anatomique et physiologique

Le dépérissement à Botryosphaeriacées est une maladie du bois de la vigne causée par deschampignons vasculaires. Ce dépérissement entraîne des pertes économiques importantes, d’autantqu’aucun traitement efficace n'est encore disponible. A l’heure actuelle, l'expression des symptômesfoliaires n'est pas encore entièrement comprise mais il n’est pas rare de trouver des Botryosphaeriacéesdans les premiers entre-nœuds des rameaux. Cependant, le lien entre leur présence et les symptômesfoliaires (défoliation apicale) n'est toujours pas établi.Dans ce travail, l'objectif a été d'évaluer les conséquences physiologiques et développementales dela présence de Botryosphaeriacées dans les entre-nœuds de…

A new tool for assessment of biostimulants effects on grapevine

National audience; Despite an increasing interest for the use of biostimulants (BS) in agriculture, methods allowing a precise description of their effects on plants remain rather limited. In the IRIS+ FUI project, two major and highly different worldwide crops, wheat (annual, monocotyledon) and grapevine (perennial, broadleaf) were chosen to deepen our knowledge of such compounds and explore their potential additional interest. One objective was to develop a tool adapted to the screening and study of the impact of a series of BS on the development and physiology of these crops in controlled conditions. We managed to develop such a tool adapted to grapevine herbaceous cuttings. It allows a …

Présentation du projet ANR PPR « Cultiver et protéger autrement » VITAE

National audience

Membre du comité d'organisation

National audience

Pratiques viticoles en Bourgogne

International audience

L'uB au coeur de la viticulture durable

SPEIPMUB; Ancrée au cœur d’une région viticole historique, l’université de Bourgogne soutient de multiples projets de recherche viti-vinicoles et s’investit dans la formation des futurs professionnels du secteur. Elle est d’ailleurs la seule université française à disposer d’un domaine expérimental, situé à Marsannay-la-Côte. En activité depuis 1955, il apporte à la fois un support pédagogique aux étudiants de l’institut Jules Guyot, qui y effectuent différentes manipulations en conditions réelles, et répond à des demandes d’expérimentations émanant des viticulteurs et vignerons de la région. Dans ce cadre, il teste de nouveaux produits, matériaux ou micro-organismes susceptibles de mieux p…

Soybean and casein hydrolysates induce grapevine immune responses and resistance against Plasmopara viticola

International audience; Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, is one of the most devastating grape pathogen in Europe and North America. Although phytochemicals are used to control pathogen infections, the appearance of resistant strains and the concern for possible adverse effects on environment and human health are increasing the search for alternative strategies. In the present investigation, we successfully tested two protein hydrolysates from soybean (soy) and casein (cas) to trigger grapevine resistance against P. viticola. On Vitis vinifera cv. Marselan plants, the application of soy and cas reduced the infected leaf surface by 76 and 63%, as compared to th…

Les produits de stimulation en viticulture

International audience

Le microbiote de la vigne : de nouveaux paradigmes et une perspective pour la vigne de demain

Prod 2018-253a SPE EA BIOmE IPM INRA UB; National audience

Impact of stresses associated to climate changes on natural and induced grapevine resistance to pathogens

National audience; France is a worldwide leader in grape production and has to face global changes including climate evolution and transitions towards sustainable systems of production. One major problem in viticulture is indeed the high susceptibility of most of the grown cultivars to cryptogamic diseases, such as downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). Maintaining a satisfactory health status of grapevine currently requires numerous fungicide treatments. However, in an objective of sustainable viticulture, there is increasing societal request, winegrower awareness, and political incitation to reduce this use of pesticides. For these reasons, alternative strategies of protection are currently …

Impact des maladies du bois sur la physiologie de la vigne

National audience; Les maladies du bois connaissent une recrudescence importante depuis ces vingt dernières années, dont en découlent de fortes répercussions économiques sur les vignobles. L’arsénite de sodium, seul produit efficace, a été employé pour lutter contre certaines d’entre elles, notamment l’esca, jusqu’en 2001, date où il fut interdit en France à cause de son action carcinogène. Faute de nouveaux composés ou de méthodes prophylactiques efficaces, le besoin d’étudier ces maladies afin de mieux comprendre leur fonctionnement et leurs répercussions chez la vigne a émergé. Dans ce projet, nous visons donc à étudier l’impact de l’esca et des dépérissements liés aux Botryosphaeriacées…

Stilbene Content of MatureVitis viniferaBerries in Response to UV-C Elicitation

A method using HPLC analysis has been used to compare the level of resveratrol and its derivatives, piceid, pterostilbene and epsilon-viniferin, in grapevine berries of three Vitis vinifera varieties. The concentration of these compounds has been evaluated in healthy and Botrytis cinerea infected grape clusters, both in natural vineyard conditions and in response to UV elicitation.

Biocontrôle et protection du vignoble

Metabolomic and cytological approaches to better understand grapevine trunk diseaeses disorders

National audience

"Omics-" for a mapping of grapevine response to elicitors and identification of induced resistance markers

SPEIPMINRAUBCNRS; "Omics-" for a mapping of grapevine response to elicitors and identification of induced resistance markers . 12. European Fondation for Plant Pathology (EFPP) & 10. French Society for Plant Pathology Conference ‘Deepen Knwoledge in Plant Pathology for Innovative Agro-Ecology’

Acidité des baies : 2020 une année singulière. Scession : les vins de Bourgogne face à une crise structurelle : le changement climatique

National audience

Associer biostimulants, SDP, systèmes d’imagerie et de pulvérisation au service de la santé du vignoble

Prod?IPMGEAPSISPEEAINRAUBAGROSUPDOCT; Associer biostimulants, SDP, systèmes d’imagerie et de pulvérisation au service de la santé du vignoble

Principaux effets de l’arsénite de sodium sur la physiologie de la vigne

National audience; Dans le cadre du projet CASDAR V1301, l’impact d’un traitement à l’arsénite de sodium sur la physiologie de la vigne a été étudié chez le Chardonnay. Deux approches complémentaires, transcriptomique et métabolomique, ont été réalisées sur différents organes (tiges herbacées et tronc en distinguant le bois sain et la zone d’interaction bois sain / bois altéré) de ceps non traités sans symptômes foliaires (témoins), non traités avec symptômes foliaires et traités (n’exprimant donc plus les symptômes et qualifiés de « guéris »). Les échantillons ont été prélevés 6 mois après le traitement (avant vendanges). Parmi les principaux résultats, l’analyse transcriptomique montre qu…

Mycorhization en viticulture : état des lieux et étude de l’intérêt au vignoble

SPEIPMUBINRA; Mycorhization en viticulture : état des lieux et étude de l’intérêt au vignoble. 13. Journée Technique du CIVB (Conseil Interprofessionnel du Vin de Bordeaux)

Le pouvoir des sucres. «Les rencontres de la viticulture biologique en Bourgogne»

CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF PHYTOALEXIN SYNTHESIS IN GRAPEVINES: APPLICATION TO THE CONTROL OF GREY MOULD IN THE VINEYARD

Induced resistance as a strategy for vineyard protection

National audience

Presentation du travail de l'équipe Immunité de la vigne. UMR Agroécologie - Université de Bourgogne - IUVV Jules Guyot. Vidéo réalisée par le pôle GIP Bourgogne Vigne Vin

Organic volatile compounds as suitable markers of grapevine response to defense elicitors in the vineyard

In situ Phenotyping of Grapevine Root System Architecture by 2D or 3D Imaging: Advantages and Limits of Three Cultivation Methods

International audience; The root system plays an essential role in the development and physiology of the plant, as well as in its response to various stresses. However, it is often insufficiently studied, mainly because it is difficult to visualize. For grapevine, a plant of major economic interest, there is a growing need to study the root system, in particular to assess its resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, understand the decline that may affect it, and identify new ecofriendly production systems. In this context, we have evaluated and compared three distinct growing methods (hydroponics, plane, and cylindric rhizotrons) in order to describe relevant architectural root traits of …