Coincidence experiments with electrons

1995

Coincidence experiments with electrons provide new information on the structure of nucleons and nuclei. Using new CW accelerators, kinematic regions can be explored with high precision which have not been accessible previously. The equipment and the necessary steps in the analysis of (e,e′p) experiments will be discussed and illustrated with new data taken at the MAMI facility.

Theory of spontaneous polarization and birefringence in the tetragonal phase of KNbO3

1995

Abstract The microscopic mechanism of optical anisotropy in the tetragonal phase of KNbO3 is discussed taking account of the dipole-dipole effect due to the ionic and electronic polarizations of the crystal and the spontaneous Kerr effect. The last effect is a cause of the strong local field acting on the constituent ions. For the spontaneous polarization we use only the first effect. It is found that the birefringence and the spontaneous polarization are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Electrophysiological and Iontophoretic Aspects of the Habenular Influence on Hippocampal Neurones

1995

In previous experimental studies, carried out on cats, we demonstrated that electrical stimulation of lateral habenula (LH) at 0.5-3.0 Hz or 5-20 Hz had a double effect (low frequency-excitation; high frequency-inhibition) on the spontaneous firing rate of single hippocampal neurones. Our results, in agreement with similar case studies, allowed us to hypothesise that in the habenular modulation of the hippocampus the raphe nucleus is probably involved. In fact, all the effects of LH stimulation were antagonised by the iontophoretic intrahippocampal application of methysergide. In the present series of experiments, performed on rats, it was possible to demonstrate that LH stimulation at 1-10…

Calorimetric investigation on the formation of palladium nanoparticles in water/AOT/n-heptane microemulsions

1995

The formation enthalpy of palladium nanoparticles in water/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)n-heptane microemulsions as a function of the waterAOT molar ratio (R = [water][AOT]) was measured by a calorimetric technique. The results indicate that at R < 10 the energetic state of the palladium nanoparticles compartmentalized within the reversed AOT micelles is signficantly different from that in bulk water. Effects due to the small size of the palladium nanoparticles and to interactions between nanoparticles and the waterAOT interface are discussed.

The internal rotational barrier of biphenyl studied with multiconfigurational second-order perturbation theory (CASPT2)

1995

A detailedab initio study of the molecular structure and rotational barriers of biphenyl has been performed. First, non-dynamical correlation effects involving the π system are taken into account at the CASSCF level. These wave functions are subsequently employed as reference functions in a multiconfigurational second-order perturbation treatment (CASPT2). The performance single-reference approaches is in addition analysed. The molecular geometries of biphenyl in twisted, coplanar, and perpendicular conformations have been optimized at the CASSCF level. A rotational angle of 44.3° is predicted for the minimum energy conformer in agreement with gas-phase electron diffraction data (44.4±1.2°)…

Usefulness of immunohistochemical staining for p53 in the prognosis of breast carcinomas: correlations with established prognosis parameters and with…

1995

Mutations of the p53 gene often result in the overexpression of p53 protein. Previous studies have suggested that the function of p53 and its mutant protein forms may be linked with the disease course of patients with a breast carcinoma. In the present study, we tested 462 primary breast carcinomas for the presence of p53 antigen using immunohistochemical methods employing antibodies against the clone, DO-1. These tumors were also immunohistochemically stained using the monoclonal antibody, MIB-1, in order to demonstrate the presence of Ki67. Comparison of the presence of p53 with other prognostic parameters revealed highly significant negative correlations with estrogen- and progesterone-r…

Perinatal Database in Germany

1995

By collecting standardized data from up to 600,000 deliveries per year in Germany a nation-wide database has been established in recent years enabling not only regional and overregional quality control, but also the scientific analysis of rare maternal and fetal complication. During the observation period of 10 years the understanding of perinatal risk factors has considerably improved and the perinatal mortality has declined from 9.4 to 6.4 (per 1,000 deliveries). From the huge amount of calculations typical results are presented.

Research strategies for the improvement of cactuspear (Opuntia ficus-indica) fruit quality and production

1995

Abstract Cactus pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica L.) is cultivated worldwide for fruit production either in the subsistence agriculture of dryland areas or as a cash crop. However, little horticultural research has been devoted to this species so far. Research needs related to reproductive biology as well as productivity and orchard management are outlined. A better knowledge of the environmental influence on reproductive biology and fruit quality, the control of fluctuations in plant cropping, as well as the reduction of seed number and size, are the major challenges for future research. Cactus pear will transcend the ethnical markets only if adequate marketing strategies can be promoted and fr…

A Phase II Trial of Mitoxantrone plus Cyclophosphamide and 5-Fluorouracil in Modulation with Levo-Folinate for Advanced Breast Cancer Patients

1995

Advanced breast cancer remains a major clinical problem. Current chemotherapy regimens are able to induce a clinical response in many patients but do not appear to influence significantly patients' survival. The use of new drugs such as mitoxantrone with a predicted lower toxicity and biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil with levo-folinate are extensively studied research areas that could combine good therapeutic efficacy with the maintenance of an acceptable quality of life. 34 patients with advanced breast carcinoma were included in the study. Only 4 women had received prior chemotherapy for advanced disease. Treatment plan was: 5-fluorouracil 400 mg/m2 + l-leucovorin 100 mg/m2 days 1…

SOME SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF MULTIPLIERS ON SEMI-PRIME BANACH ALGEBRAS

1995

Abstract We extend to arbitrary semi-prime Banach algebras some results of spectral theory and Fredholm theory obtained in [1] and [2] for multipliers defined in commutative semi-simple Banach algebras.

Influence of label and location of testing on acceptability of cream cheese varying in fat content

1995

The acceptability of low-, medium- and high-fat versions of a cream cheese to consumers was measured in different conditions by rating overall distance from ideal. The influence of label (unlabelled vs. commercial package) differed according to the cream cheese fat-level habits of the assessors and to the fat level of the product. In labelled testing, high-fat cream cheese was more highly accepted by high- and medium-fat users and low-fat cream cheese seemed to be further from ideal for high-fat users. The location of testing (home vs. laboratory) affected the rating of only the high-fat product: consumers are more severe on it at home than in the laboratory.

Neuropeptide Y: distribution of immunoreactivity and quantitative analysis in diencephalic structures and cerebral cortex of dwarf hamsters under dif…

1995

The distribution of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) was investigated by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA) in the brain of the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) held under either long or short photoperiods. In the diencephalic and telencephalic structures studied, distinct patterns of NPY-LI were basically consistent in male and female animals of both groups. NPY levels detected by RIA from tissue samples taken at six time points throughout the 24-hour cycle were in the range of 15-60 pmol/mg protein in the diencephalon or below 5 pmol/mg protein in cerebral cortex. In the diencephalon, immunoreactive structures were seen in the preoptic, peri- and paraventri…

Flavonoids fromAlphitonia neocaledonica

1995

Neutron momentum distributions from "core break-up" reactions of halo nuclei

1995

Neutron angular distributions from violent break-up reactions of Li-11 and Be-11 have been measured at 28 MeV/u and 280 MeV/u and at 41 MeV/u and 460 MeV/u, respectively. The derived neutron momentum distributions show a narrow component in transverse momentum that is within uncertainties independent of beam energy and target charge. This component is suggested to be simply related to the momentum distribution of the loosely bound halo neutron(s) in the projectiles.

A breathing-retraining procedure in treatment of sleep-onset insomnia: theoretical basis and experimental findings.

1995

Increase in CO2 has a sedative effect upon the central nervous system, and the beginning of sleep coincides with modifications in breathing, decrease in ventilation, and in pCO2 increase. In this paper is described a technique of breathing that is useful in producing drowsiness in a very short time. 46 insomniacs were randomly allocated to either a treatment or control condition. In the former, patients were trained in the breathing process. The control group was taught no breathing process. Latencies to sleep for the insomniacs confirmed that the breathing process was useful in producing drowsiness. Theoretical bases are discussed.

Introduction: Mechanisms of neurotransmission

1995

Alignment-orientation transition at optical excitation of molecules in magnetic field

1995

Abstract Angular momentum alignment-orientation transition is analyzed for the ground state of diatomic or linear molecules subjected to the dynamic Stark effect. Analytical expressions are derived for the orientation value. It is shown that, first, orientation of angular momenta resulting from the action of the dynamic Stark effect is a nonlinear process which depends quadratically on the intensity of the irradiating light; second, it is a quantum effect and disappears for the states with large angular momenta; and, third, it occurs only in the presence of an external magnetic field.

Co-activation of naive CD4+ T cells and bone marrow-derived mast cells results in the development of Th2 cells

1995

Activation of naive dense CD4+ T cells by plate-bound anti-CD3 antibodies favors the development of Th1 cells which, upon re-stimulation, produce significant amounts of IFN-gamma but no IL-4. However, co-activation of such naive T cells in the presence of IgE [anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP)]-loaded bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) on plates coated with anti-CD3 antibodies and DNP-BSA led to the development of IL-4-producing Th2 cells. The same result could be observed if irradiated (800 rad) BMMC were applied as co-stimulators. Moreover, BMMC could be replaced by the supernatant of IgE-activated BMMC suggesting that a soluble mediator, presumably IL-4, was responsible for this effect. This a…

Acute prostaglandins and sympathetic activity changes due to amino acids load in essential hypertension

1995

Elastic wave propagation in bone in vivo: methodology.

1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of elastic wave propagation (EWP) in estimating the mechanical properties (elasticity) of human tibia. The test group was composed of 78-yr-old women assigned to high (n = 19) and low (n = 17) bone mineral density (BMD) groups as measured at the calcaneus by the 125I-photon absorption method. The EWP apparatus consisted of an impact-producing hammer with a force strain gauge and two accelerometers positioned on the bone. Results for nylon and acrylic were used to calibrate the apparatus. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) solid rods and tubes of various diameters were used to evaluate the relationship between the elastic wave velocity and cr…

Volumes and heat capacities of anionic-nonionic surfactant mixtures

1995

Density, heat capacity and surface tension measurements of sodium decylsulfate (NaDeS)-dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO)-water mixtures were carried out as functions of the surfactants total molality mt at fixed stoichiometric mixture compositions XNaDeS. From the surface tension data, the critical micelle concentration of NaDeS-DDAO mixtures as a function of XNaDeS were obtained. From density and heat capacity data, the apparent molar volume VΦ,2 and heat capacity CΦ,2 of NaDeS-DDAO mixtures in water were calculated, respectively. At a given mole fraction, VΦ,2 and CΦ,2 monotonically increases and decreases, respectively, with increasing mt. However, anomalies were observed at XNaDeS=0.1 a…

A calixarene-based chromoionophore for the larger alkali metals

1995

Abstract A bis(arylazo)calix[5]arene crown ether derivative displays large spectral changes upon complexation of cesium and rubidium salts, with good selectivity over the smaller alkali metals.

Thin Ising films with competing walls: A Monte Carlo study.

1995

Ising magnets with a nearest neighbor ferromagnetic exchange interaction J on a simple cubic lattice are studied in a thin film geometry using extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The system has two large L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L parallel free surfaces, a distance D apart from each other, at which competing surface fields act, i.e., ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{D}}$=-${\mathit{H}}_{1}$. In this geometry, the phase transition occurring in the bulk at a temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}\mathit{b}}$ is suppressed, and instead one observes the gradual formation of an interface between coexisting phases stabilized by the surface fields. While this interface is located in the center of th…

Geochemical evolution of rift magmas by progressive tapping of a stratified mantle source beneath the Ross Sea Rift, Northern Victoria Land, Antarcti…

1995

Abstract Source compositions of Neogene-Quaternary volcanic rocks from the McMurdo Volcanic Group of the Ross Sea Rift in Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica are constrained by NdSrPb isotopes and trace element ratios in near-primary basalts. The rocks erupted along the western rift margin (Victoria Land Basin) and the western rift shoulder (Transantarctic Mountains). Near-primary basalts show no evidence of crustal contamination, suggesting that their initial NdSrPb isotopes reflect the composition of their mantle sources. The initial isotope ratios of near-primary basalts range from about 87 Sr 86 Sr = 0.70281 to 0.70504 and 143 Nd 144 Nd = 0.51269 to 0.51291 (ϵNd(t) = 1.3–5.5). The 20…

Dielectric spectroscopy of an aligned liquid crystalline side chain polymer using high pressures

1995

Abstract The complex permittivity of a liquid crystalline side group polymer has been measured at pressure from ambient up to 300 MPa. The samples were initially not aligned, then planar and finally homeotropically aligned by the field of a 7.2 Tesla magnet. Temperatures ranged up to 130°C, and measurement frequencies from 5 Hz to 5 MHz. The equilibrium permittivity es has been interpreted in terms of an effective dipole moment μ. The frequency of maximum loss has been analysed in terms of enthalpy of activation and volume of activation for α and β relaxation processes.

Alterations in the sensitivity of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 to octreotide in polycystic ova…

1995

Objective To determine if the somatostatin analog, octreotide, affects insulin and related peptides and, hence, androgen levels differently between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients and controls. Design Prospective controlled trial. Setting Reproductive endocrinology clinic of our medical center. Patients Eleven women with PCOS and six matched ovulatory controls. Interventions Octreotide (100 μg) was administered subcutaneously in the midfollicular phase. Serum was obtained before and at 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after octreotide. Main Outcome Measures Fasting insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), T, androstenedion…

Computer Simulations on Dislocation Patterning

1995

How is oral health education conducted in Finnish health centers?

1995

The oral health education (OHE) given in Finnish health centers is mostly implemented by dental assistants and hygienists. However, there is no exact information concerning the distribution of OHE work and the working methods among individual health educators. The aims of this study were to assess 1) the time used for OHE by the dental professionals who bear most of the responsibility for OHE in health centers, and to evaluate 2) the collaboration between OH-educators and the parents of schoolchildren, school personnel and the other health care personnel and 3) the sources of the OHE knowledge and skills of these OH-educators and their methods according to their work load. The data for this…

Evidence for collective expansion in light-particle emission following Au+Au collisions at 100, 150 and 250 A·MeV

1995

Abstract Light-particle emission from Au+Au collisions has been studied in the bombarding-energy range 100–250 A ·MeV, using ΔE − E R telescopes in coincidence with the FOPI detector in its phase I configuration. Center-of-mass energy spectra have been measured for Z = 1,2 isotopes emitted in central collisions at CM polar angles between 60° and 90°. Evidence for a collective expansion is reported, on the basis of the mean kinetic energies of hydrogen isotopes. Comparison is presented with statistical calculations (WIX code). For CM kinetic energy spectra, fair agreement is found between data and a recently developed transport model.

Towards nation-wide cancer registration in the Federal Republic of Germany

1995

Trichromatic color vision in the salamander (Salamandra salamandra)

1995

Spectral sensitivity functions were measured between 334 nm and 683 nm in Salamandra salamandra by utilizing two behavioral reactions: the negative phototactic response, and the prey catching behavior elicited by a moving worm dummy. The action spectrum of the negative phototactic response revealed 3 pronounced maxima: at 360–400 nm, at 520–540 nm, and at 600–640 nm. In the range around 450 nm, there was a “reaction gap” where sensitivity could not be measured. The action spectrum of the prey catching behavior was entirely different: maximal sensitivity was found at 500 nm and at 570 nm. Between 500 nm and 334 nm sensitivity decreased continuously for about 1 log unit (Fig. 6).

Long-term evaluation of quinapril in mild to moderate hypertension: assessment of renal haemodynamics and function.

1995

Spatial correlation of laser-generated electrons and holes in quantum wells

1995

The spatial correlation of hot electrons and holes generated by light in a semiconductor quantum well (QW) is studied. For hot electron-hole pairs in a polar material, this correlation is determined by the interaction with LO-phonons. We analyze the distribution F N (r, K) of electrons and holes which are created in a given light absorption process, with respect to their relative separation r and total quasimomentum ħK, after the emission of a number N of LO-phonons. The relationship between the spatial distribution of electrons and holes in these intermediate states and the cross-section of multi-phonon resonant Raman scattering (MPRRS) is established. Spatial correlation effects are stron…

Biomarker responses along a pollution gradient: Effects of pulp and paper mill effluents on caged whitefish

1995

Abstract Lake Saimaa (SE Finland) is a large oligotrophic lake receiving biologically treated effluent from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill. Hatchery-reared juvenile whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus L. s.l.), a species known to feed on plankton and other particulates, were caged using a technique developed and optimized for this species and were exposed for one month in five downstream stations (3.3–16 km). Two reference stations (4.5–8.5 km) upstream from the effluent outlet were used. An exposure gradient of chlorinated organics was assessed by determining concentrations of conjugated chlorophenolics (CPs) in bile and CPs as well as extractable organic halogens (EOX) in gut lipids. Ac…

Diversity and evolutionary biology of tropical flowers

1995

Phase transitions in polymeric systems: A challenge for Monte Carlo simulation

1995

Polymers are more difficult to simulate than small molecule systems, due to the large size of random polymer coils (and their slow relaxation, that is observed when dynamic simulation algorithms are used). However, variation of the chain length N of a flexible polymer chain provides a very useful additional control parameter, allowing stringent tests of theories, and new physical phenomena may emerge. As an example of these concepts, critical phenomena in polymer mixtures are described. It is shown that unmixing of symmetrical mixtures ( N A = N B = N ) is described by an equation for the critical temperature T c ( N ) = aN + b rather than T c ∝ N as claimed by some theories. While for fini…