Experimental virus evolution in cancer cell monolayers, spheroids, and tissue explants

2021

Viral laboratory evolution has been used for different applications, such as modeling viral emergence, drug-resistance prediction, and therapeutic virus optimization. However, these studies have been mainly performed in cell monolayers, a highly simplified environment, raising concerns about their applicability and relevance. To address this, we compared the evolution of a model virus in monolayers, spheroids, and tissue explants. We performed this analysis in the context of cancer virotherapy by performing serial transfers of an oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-Δ51) in 4T1 mouse mammary tumor cells. We found that VSV-Δ51 gained fitness in each of these three culture systems, and t…

Population genomics of wall lizards reflects the dynamic history of the Mediterranean Basin

2021

AbstractThe Mediterranean Basin has experienced extensive change in geology and climate over the past six million years. Yet, the relative importance of key geological events for the distribution and genetic structure of the Mediterranean fauna remains poorly understood. Here, we use population genomic and phylogenomic analyses to establish the evolutionary history and genetic structure of common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis). This species is particularly informative because, in contrast to other Mediterranean lizards, it is widespread across the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas, and in extra-Mediterranean regions. We found strong support for six major lineages within P. muralis, w…

Conceptualizing micromobility: its technical essence, its appropriation, and the role of mobile interfaces

2021

International audience

Does chronic pain hinder physical activity among older adults with type 2 diabetes?

2021

Background: Physical activity (PA) is a key component in management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Pain might be a barrier to PA especially among older adults with T2D, but surprisingly few studies have investigated the association between chronic pain and PA. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic pain among older adults with T2D and to examine the association between chronic pain and PA while taking important life-contextual factors into account. Methods: Data of this register-based, cross-sectional study were collected in a survey among adults with T2D (n=2866). In the current study, only respondents aged 65–75 years were included (response rate 63%, n=1386). Data were analysed by …

Gas Transport in Interacting Planar Brushes

2021

Recent experiments on melts of spherical nanoparticles (NPs) densely grafted with polymer chains show enhanced gas transport relative to the neat polymer (without NPs). As a means of understanding this unexpected behavior, we consider here the simpler case of two interacting planar brushes, under conditions representing a polymer melt far below its critical point (i.e., where the "free volume" or holes act akin to a poor solvent). Computer simulations illustrate, in agreement with mean-field ideas, that the density profile far away from the walls is flat but with a value that is marginally larger than the corresponding polymer melt under identical state conditions. We find that tracer parti…

Supplementary material 6 from: Vecchi M, Stec D (2021) Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotid…

2021

MrBayes output consensus tree

Exploring the Coherence of Student Reasoning when Responding to Questionnaires on Thermally Activated Phenomena

2021

Many research results show that students often highlight “mixed-type” reasoning when tackling problematic situations and problems. This reasoning is based on the simultaneous use of common-sense and mere descriptions of facts, perceived as sufficient to build an “explanation” of observed or proposed situations and problems. This fact can be interpreted as a lack of coherence. In this paper, we study the coherence of responses that a sample of undergraduate chemical engineering student give when they are asked to face real-life situations, to create explanations, and to use models in different contexts. We administered open-ended questionnaires before and after a twenty-hour Inquiry-Based wo…

Genomic signatures of recent adaptation in a wild bumblebee

2021

AbstractBehavioral experiments and analyses of observation records have shown that environmental changes threaten insect pollinators, creating risks for agriculture and ecosystem stability. Despite their importance, we know little about how wild insects or other animals can adapt in response to environmental pressures. To understand the genomic bases of adaptation in an ecologically important pollinator, we analyzed genomes ofBombus terrestrisbumblebees collected across Great Britain. We reveal extensive genetic diversity within this population, and strong signatures of recent adaptation throughout the genome. More specifically, we find that selection recently affected key processes underpi…

Comparison of different methods to assess the distribution of alien plants along the road network and use of Google Street View panoramas interpretat…

2021

The survey by foot in the field is compared to the survey from a car, the photo-interpretation of Google Street View (GSV) panoramas continuously and at intervals of 1.5 km and the photo-interpretation of Google Earth aerial images on a 10 km stretch of road in Sicily. The survey by foot was used as reference for the other methods. The interpretation of continuous GSV panoramas gave similar results as the assessment by car in terms of the number of species identified and their location, but with lower cost. The interpretation online of aerial photos allowed the identification of a limited number of taxa, but gave a good localisation for them. Interpretation of GSV panoramas, each of 1.5 km,…

Applicability of Existing Public Transport Sustainability Indicators to Norwegian Small Cities and Towns

2021

World-wide, developed countries tend to have a higher share of transport related emissions. In Norway, approximately one third of transport emissions are connected to passenger cars. With most inhabitants living in small cities and towns that have low population densities and high car dependency, and having made passenger transport decarbonization a national priority, there is a need to account for the success or failure of implemented sustainable transport solutions in Norway.Research on sustainable transport and indicators to measure its development tends to focus on large cities raising the question if indicators defined for large cities fit to the realities of smaller urban settlements?…

CEOs’ Joy of Working for the Family Firm: The Role of Psychological Ownership and Stewardship Behavior

2021

Abstract In this article, we examine the factors which lead to CEOs’ joy of working for the family firm, as it is expected to contribute to their willingness to invest in its perpetuation and success. We focus on three such factors: CEOs’ collective psychological ownership, their individual psychological ownership, and CEOs’ stewardship behavior. We find that on the one hand, the relationship between CEOs’ collective psychological ownership and their joy of working for the family business is mediated by their stewardship behavior, and on the other hand, stewardship behavior mediates the relationship between CEOs’ individual psychological ownership and their joy of work. We make valuable con…

false

2021

The biological activities of shancigusin C (1) and bletistrin G (2), natural products isolated from orchids, are reported along with their first total syntheses. The total synthesis of shancigusin C (1) was conducted by employing the Perkin reaction to forge the central stilbene core, whereas the synthesis of bletistrin G (2) was achieved by the Wittig olefination followed by several regioselective aromatic substitution reactions. Both syntheses were completed by applying only renewable starting materials according to the principles of xylochemistry. The cytotoxic properties of shancigusin C (1) and bletistrin G (2) against tumor cells suggest suitability as a starting point for further str…

On obtaining numerical solutions for some reacting flow problems by using different matlab tools

2021

false

2021

Objectives: Inadequate oral hygiene still leads to many serious diseases all over the world. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze scientific research in the field of oral health in order to be able to comprehend their relevant subject areas, research connections, or developments. Methods: This study aimed to assess the global publication output on oral hygiene to create a world map that provides background information on key players, trends, and incentives of research. For this purpose, established bibliometric parameters were combined with state-of-the-art visualization techniques. Results: This study shows the actual key players of research on oral hygiene in high-income economies with …

The Impact of Prescribed Dosage Assumptions on the Evaluation of Adherence and Persistence to Medication in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021

Medication adherence is a significant problem in public health. Prescription-level pharmacy databases have great potential for monitoring actual drug adherence patterns at the healthcare system level. Many research papers have reported adherence estimates in different settings and populations. However, comparison between studies is not always straightforward due to different approaches taken when computing adherence. A crucial component to accurately estimate adherence is the availability of days’ supply information for each dispensing event. Reasonable assumptions regarding medication dosage have to be made, when this information is not available. In this study, we evaluate adherence and p…

The effect of Transient over Voltages on the Partial Discharges activity in HVDC joints

2021

Rapid growth of HVDC cable line installations is expected in the coming years. Several research groups have investigated dielectric phenomena that occur in the insulation of HVDC cables and accessories that accelerate aging and reduce the reliability of this technology over time. Unlike in HVAC cables, under HVDC stress, the distribution of the electric field inside the insulation layer depends not only on the applied voltage but also on the temperature distribution and on other factors related to manufacturing such as the presence of impurities. Reaching local and transient electric field peaks can enhance the onset of Partial Discharges (PDs) which can lead to premature aging of the insul…

Investigating label suggestions for opinion mining in German Covid-19 social media

2021

This work investigates the use of interactively updated label suggestions to improve upon the efficiency of gathering annotations on the task of opinion mining in German Covid-19 social media data. We develop guidelines to conduct a controlled annotation study with social science students and find that suggestions from a model trained on a small, expert-annotated dataset already lead to a substantial improvement - in terms of inter-annotator agreement(+.14 Fleiss' $\kappa$) and annotation quality - compared to students that do not receive any label suggestions. We further find that label suggestions from interactively trained models do not lead to an improvement over suggestions from a stat…

Virtual chromoendoscopy with iSCAN as an alternative method to dye-spray chromoendoscopy for dysplasia detection in long-standing colonic inflammator…

2021

Patients with long-standing colonic inflammatory bowel disease (cIBD) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Dye-spray chromoendoscopy (DCE) with targeted biopsies is the preferred technique for surveillance of dysplasia. Virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) are arising to improve detection rates and adherence to surveillance guidelines, although its role is not yet well defined. The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of VCE with iSCAN as an alternative method for dysplasia detection in cIBD.Retrospective case-control study with 191 patients included, 98 in the DCE (Indigo carmine) group and 93 in the VCE (iSCAN, twin-mode 1-3) group. The dysplasia detection…

The state of stroke services across the globe: Report of World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization surveys

2021

Background Improving stroke services is critical for reducing the global stroke burden. The World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization– Lancet Neurology Commission on Stroke conducted a survey of the status of stroke services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries. Methods Using a validated World Stroke Organization comprehensive questionnaire, we collected and compared data on stroke services along four pillars of the stroke quadrangle (surveillance, prevention, acute stroke, and rehabilitation) in 84 countries across World Health Organization regions and economic strata. The World Health Organization also conducted a survey of non-communicabl…

Network model for thermal conversion of heterogeneous biomass granules

2021

Finding faith in foreign policy: religion and American diplomacy in a postsecular world

2021

In recent decades, research into the growing entanglement of faith groups and US foreign policy has added significantly to our understanding that the country’s much-vaunted separation of church and...

PGC1α Regulates the Endothelial Response to Fluid Shear Stress via Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Control of Heme Oxygenase-1

2021

AbstractFluid shear stress (FSS) is known to mediate multiple phenotypic changes in the endothelium. Laminar FSS (undisturbed flow) is known to promote endothelial alignment to flow that is key to stabilizing the endothelium and rendering it resistant to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The molecular pathways responsible for endothelial responses to FSS are only partially understood. Here we have identified peroxisome proliferator gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) as a flow-responsive gene required for endothelial flow alignment in vitro and in vivo. Compared to oscillatory FSS (disturbed flow) or static conditions, laminar FSS (undisturbed flow) increased PGC-1α expression and its transcription…

false

2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate blood-based biomarkers and their regulation with regard to different recovery-stress states. A total of 35 male elite athletes (13 badminton, 22 soccer players) were recruited, and two venous blood samples were taken: one in a ‘recovered’ state (REC) after a minimum of one-day rest from exercise and another one in a ‘non-recovered’ state (NOR) after a habitual loading microcycle. Overall, 23 blood-based biomarkers of different physiologic domains, which address inflammation, muscle damage, and tissue repair, were analyzed by Luminex assays. Across all athletes, only creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL-) 6, and IL-17A showed higher concentration…

Proximités et médiations à travers deux romans francophones : "Les Nuits de Strasbourg" (1997) de Djebar et "Le Village de l’Allemand ou le journal d…

2021

International audience; Cette communication porte sur différentes proximités et médiations à travers deux romans francophones, "Les Nuits de Strasbourg" (1997) d'Assia Djebar et "Le Village de l'Allemand ou le journal des frères Schiller" (2008) de Boualem Sansal. La première partie traite de la posture (Meizoz) ou de l'image de ces auteurs dans le champ littéraire (Bourdieu, Casanova), telle que médiée par ces ouvrages. Ensuite, nous nous intéresserons à la mémoire multidirectionnelle (Rothberg) dans ces romans car l'intertextualité et l'intermédialité médient des proximités mémorielles et interculturelles. Enfin, la lecture sera considérée comme une potentielle médiation du réel.

Les préprofessionnalisations aux métiers de l’enseignement : caractéristiques sociologiques des étudiant.es de licence dans l'académie de Dijon

2021

International audience

Du clou à la charpente : fabrication, mise en oeuvre et tracéologie des clous de murus gallicus. L’exemple de Boviolles

2021

The use of iron nails is a hallmark of Celtic military architecture. These large nails have a particular interest for a technological approach to fortificationwalls with internal frame. Their method of manufacture may vary from case of the most strict economy to a disproportionate investment as raw material as in manufacturing time. Beyond the morphological analysis, a sustained attention to the traces of implementation readable on these nails bring additional informations. The woody traces fossilized by corrosion and the folds related to the driving of the nails make it possible to restore the dimensions of the beams, the assemblies and the methods of implementation.

Representing the Haitian diaspora in Russell Banks’s Continental Drift, from Port-de-Paix to Little Haiti: a celebration of the margins

2021

International audience; Russell Banks’s 1985 novel Continental Drift tells the intertwined stories of Bob Dubois, a white American man who decides to try his luck in Florida, and the Haitian Vanise Dorsinville, who is forced to leave her island with her son and her nephew to flee Jean-Claude Duvalier’s dictatorial presidency. In this paper, I study how, in the chapters dedicated to the Haitian diaspora, Banks chooses to adopt an ex-centric point of view to give a voice to those whose history and culture have largely been ignored by American society and literature. Vanise is a figure of in-betweenness, caught between Haiti and the United States, between land and ocean, and even between life …

Zur Produktivität des Musterbegriffs zur holistischen Charakterisierung von Fachtextsorten. Fallstudien am Beispiel des Finanzdiskurses

2021

International audience; [Kontextualisierung] Die kontinuierliche Ausweitung des Phraseologie-Begriffs, insbesondere unter dem Einfluss korpuslinguistischer Ansätze, erlebt mit dem „Muster“-Begriff – wie er z.B. von Stein/Stumpf (2019) konzeptualisiert wird – eine erkenntnistheoretisch und praxisbezogen weitreichende Wende. Wie von den beiden Autoren explizit erfordert (Stein/Stump 2019: 264), soll der Begriff deshalb nicht auf Standardsprache eingeschränkt werden, weil „vorgeformten Einheiten stets eine charakteristische Dia-Markierung innewohnt“. Fachdiskurse, welche heute an der Schnittstelle zwischen diastratischer und diaphasischer Variation angesiedelt werden (Dittmar 1997, Hoffmann 20…

Supplementary material 2 from: Vecchi M, Stec D (2021) Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotid…

2021

Raw morphometric data for Macrobiotus rybaki sp. nov. from Greece (GR.011, type population)

Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Bacterial Pathogens from Bovine and Caprine Mastitis in Northern Lebanon

2021

Mastitis is an infectious disease encountered in dairy animals worldwide that is currently a growing concern in Lebanon. This study aimed at investigating the etiology of the main mastitis-causing pathogens in Northern Lebanon, determining their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and identifying their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. A total of 101 quarter milk samples were collected from 77 cows and 11 goats presenting symptoms of mastitis on 45 dairy farms. Bacterial identification was carried out through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Molecula…

Supplementary material 4 from: Vecchi M, Stec D (2021) Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotid…

2021

Partitions and models selection results

Supplementary material 1 from: Vecchi M, Stec D (2021) Integrative descriptions of two new Macrobiotus species (Tardigrada, Eutardigrada, Macrobiotid…

2021

Raw morphometric data for Macrobiotus annewintersae sp. nov. from U.S.A (S207 – US.084, type population)

La préservation des mœurs des propriétaires terriens : le plaidoyer médiateur des députés libéraux en faveur de la réforme du vote à bulletin secret …

2021

National audience

L’oppidum de Nasium (Meuse) : fonctions des aménagements extra muros et évolution des fortifications

2021

This presentation presents the extramural structures recognized on the slopes of the oppidum. Located exclusively under forest cover, theseelements are generally in the form of scree or digging installed on the flanks of the oppidum. The challenge is to understand how these objectsfit into the fortified site and how they contribute to the understanding of the whole. These structures also lead to questioning the dynamics ofsetting up the fortified space of the Nasium oppidum.

Application of whey of Mozzarella di Bufala Campana fermented by lactic acid bacteria as a bread biopreservative agent

2021

A total of nine isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from tomato and sourdough with antifungal activity were employed to revaluate the whey of Mozzarella di Bufala through the fermentation process for 72 h at 37 °C. Then, the fermented whey (BWF) was characterised and used as biopreservative in bread formulation. L. plantarum TR7 and L. plantarum TR2 strains showed average lactic acid concentration in BWF of 13.8 g L 1. Also, the bread volatile organic compounds (VOC) analysis showed an increase in hexanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and pyrazine tetramethyl when using BWF as ingredient. Moreover, the DPPH-inhibitory activity of bread with BWF extract also reflected a 33% rise in comp…

Socialt stöd, känsla av ensamhet och psykiska besvär bland finlandssvenska ungdomar

2021

I den här studien utforskades ifall det förekommer sociodemografiska skillnader i upplevelse av psykiska besvär, socialt stöd och känsla av ensamhet bland finlandssvenska ungdomar. Det undersöktes även ifall ungdomarnas upplevelse av psykiska besvär kan förklaras med familje-, kamrat- och klasskamratstöd samt känsla av ensamhet. Utöver det utforskades ifall samband mellan socialt stöd och psykiska besvär kan förklaras med känsla av ensamhet.
 Som datamaterial användes WHO:s skolelevstudie (WHO-Koululaistutkimus) från 2018 med ett deltagarantal på 599 svenskspråkiga elever från årskurs 5, 7 och 9 (Målder = 11,9/14,0/15,9; svarsprocent 38 %). Som statistiska analysmetoder användes Pearso…