Bortezomib potentiates the antitumor effect of tributyltin(IV) ferulate in colon cancer cells exacerbating ER stress and promoting apoptosis

Organotin(IV) complexes represent promising drugs in medicinal chemistry for their potential use in cancer therapy. We recently reported synthesis and characterization of a new organotin(IV) complex of ferulic acid (FA), tributyltin(IV) ferulate (TBT-F), showing its antitumor action in colon cancer cells. Here we provide evidence that the efficacy of this compound is strongly potentiated by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ). While low concentrations of tributyltin(IV) ferulate alone promoted autophagy without reducing cell viability, combination of the two compounds markedly affected colon cancer cell viability, cell morphology and exasperated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as r…

Organometallic complexes with biological molecules

Novel triorganotin(IV) complexes of two beta-lactamic antibiotics, 6-[D-(-)-beta-amino-p-hydroxyphenyl-acetamido]penicillin (=amoxicillin) and 6-[D-(-)-alpha-aminobenzyl]penicillin (=ampicillin), have been synthesized and investigated both in solid and solution states. The complexes corresponded to the general formula R(3)Sn(IV)antib*H(2)O (R=Me, n-Bu, Ph; antib=amox=amoxicillinate or amp=ampicillinate). Structural investigations about configuration in the solid state have been carried out by interpreting experimental IR and 119Sn Mossbauer data. In particular, IR results suggested polymeric structures both for R(3)Sn(IV)amox.H(2)O and R(3)Sn(IV)amp*H(2)O. Moreover, both antibiotics appear …

Diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) complexes of meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphine induce apoptosis in A375 human melanoma cells

The cytotoxic effect of several diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV)-meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine derivatives was tested and only the (Bu(2)Sn)(2)TPPS and the (Bu(3)Sn)(4)TPPS showed cytotoxicity on A375 human melanoma cells. To examine the pathway of (Bu(2)Sn)(2)TPPS or (Bu(3)Sn)(4)TPPS induced A375 cell death, DNA fragmentation analysis, Annexin V binding and PI uptake as well as caspases activation analysis by Western blot were carried out. A375 cells treated exhibited several typical characteristics of apoptosis. Both the (Bu(2)Sn)(2)TPPS and the (Bu(3)Sn)(4)TPPS compounds activate caspase-8 and caspase-9 leading to caspase-3 activation. Thus, we propose that these two porphiri…

THE SAN VITO WOODEN PULPIT FROM MUSEO DIOCESANO OF PALERMO, ITALY: MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR DATING AND RESTORATION

The aim of the present research is to investigate the constitutive materials and the execution techniques of San Vito wooden pulpit from Museo Diocesano of Palermo (Italy) and to provide helpful information to dating it in addition to technical, historical and artistic evaluations. The pulpit, attributed to unknown artist, belongs to the decorative arts and the most relevant feature is its double dating, in addition to the singular painting technique: it has a linear structure typical of XIXth century and three polychrome and gilded panels probably dated to the end of XVIIth century. This paper describes the application of analytical techniques (imaging diagnostics techniques, Scanning Elec…

Organotin IV-Quinilone Antibiotic Derivatives: Solid State Investigations

Synthesis, chemical characterization and preliminary in vitro antitumor activity evaluation of new ruthenium(II) complexes with sugar derivatives

Abstract Three new complexes of Ru(II), namely [RuCl 2 (Glun-N,O) 2 ]Na 2 ( I ; Glun = glucosaminate), [RuCl 2 (1-Tglu)(EtOH) 2 ]Na ( II ; 1-Tglu = 1-thio-β- d -glucose) and [Ru 2 (EtOH) 6 (AL)Cl 4 ] ( III ; AL = 6′-aminolactose) were prepared from the same Ru(II) precursor, [RuCl 2 (DMSO) 4 ] (DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide). The characterization of the complexes was carried out by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ES-MS, NMR, EXAFS and DFT calculations. The effectiveness of the complexes on metastatic melanoma A 375 was investigated. The results show that complex II is the most active species.

Structural characterization of triorganotin(IV) complexes with sodium fusidate and DFT calculations

Abstract Three new complexes of the steroid sodium fusidate (sodium 2-[(1 S ,2 S ,5 R ,6 S ,7 S ,10 S ,11 S ,13 S , 14 Z ,15 R ,17 R )-13-(acetyloxy)-5,17-dihydroxy-2,6,10,11-tetramethyl tetracyclo[8.7.0.0 2,7 .0 11,15 ] heptadecan-14-ylidene]-6-methylhept-5-enoate = (NaFusidate, Na FA )]), with triorganotin(IV) moieties have been prepared and investigated by conventional techniques as FTIR, Mossbauer, ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. The isolated compounds showed stoichiometries organotin(IV)/fusidate 1/1, R 3 Sn(IV) FA (R = Me, FA1 ; Bu, FA2 ; Ph, FA3 ). The ligand coordination sites were determined by FTIR spectroscopic measurements. In the complexes, the carboxylate group of the fusidate li…

Equilibria involved in the diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) phosphomycin interaction in aqueous solution

Four new diorganotin(IV), (R = Me, Bu), and triorganotin(IV), (R = Me, Ph), derivatives of the phosphomycin disodium salt antibiotic[(1R,2S)-1,2-epoxypropylphosphonate]Na2 have been synthesized and their solid state configuration studied by X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, Mossbauer, UV–Vis spectroscopies. The X-ray diffraction investigation, performed on the bis[trimethyltin(IV)]- phosphomycin, showed that the coordination geometry at all the Sn atoms is trigonal bipyramidal. The structure of the complex forms an unusual polymeric zig-zag planar network. The FT-IR and the 119Sn Mo¨ssbauer studies supported the formation of trigonal bipyramidal (Tbp) molecular structures, both in the diorganot…

Synthesis, structure and electrochemistry of ruthenium(III) complexes whith potential biological activity

Scientific studies for the restoration of “Madonna con Bambino e San Giovanni”, a venetian school panel painting of the end of sixteenth century of Museo Diocesano of Palermo.

Polychrome wood sculpture depicting The Madonna del Soccorso or della Mazza from the Archdiocese of Palermo: an integrated analytical approach for the restoration

In this study the Madonna del Soccorsoo della Mazza wooden sculpture has been analysed by an interdisciplinary and integrated approach. The polychrome sculpture, dating back to the 18thcentury, comes from the church of the Madonna del Soccorso or della Mazza (1604) situated in Via Maqueda, in Palermo and it was placed on the main recess of the altar. All steps of the conservation project, from the preliminary study to the choice of materials and the restoration procedures have been accompanied and supported by diagnostic and scientific analysis. In order to evaluate the state of conservation of the sculpture and the technique employed to construct the support, computer tomography study was …

Mössbauer Spectroscopy and Organotin Polymers

Mössbauer spectroscopy allows the structural analysis of certain metal atoms situated in complex structures. Briefly, Mössbauer spectroscopy is a resonant absorption spectroscopy that is observed best in isotopes having long lived, low-lying excited nuclear energy states. The largest recoil-free resonant cross-section is found for 57Fe. Currently, Mössbauer spectroscopy is being used on Mars to identify iron compounds that are present in the Martian landscape. There are over 20,000 entries in SciFinder for Mössbauer spectroscopy, of which the two largest entries are for iron and tin containing compounds. There are only about 100 entries for organotin compounds, with only a handful related t…

USO TERAPEUTICO COMBINATO DI ORGANOSTAGNO(IV) ED INIBITORI DELLE DEACETILASI ISTONICHE

Organometallic complexes with biological molecules: XII. Solid-state and solution studies on dialkyltin(IV)- and trialkyltin(IV)-thiaminepyrophosphate derivatives

Dialkyltin(IV) and trialkyltin(IV) derivatives of the coenzyme thiaminepyrophosphate (H2TPP) have been synthesized with general formula R2Sn(HTPP)2·nH2O (Alk = Me, n = 2; Alk = Bu, n = 4) and R3SnHTPP·nH2O (R=Me, n = 2; R = Bu, n = 1), respectively. The solid-state structure of the complexes has been investigated through infrared and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The infrared data suggest the involvement of only phosphate oxygen atoms in the coordination of both dialkyl- and trialkyl-tin(IV) moieties, with phosphate anions behaving as monoanionic bidentate bridging or chelating groups, with the tin(IV) involved in six- and five-fold coordination geometries, respectively, in R2Sn(HTPP)2·nH2O (R = …

Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy

Infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy is one of the most important analytical techniques available to study different kinds of samples including solids, semisolids, biological materials, films, liquids, solutions, and gases. IR spectroscopy not only uses the so-called infrared absorption, but also other techniques such as the attenuated total reflection method, diffuse reflectance method, reflection-absorption method, photoacoustic spectroscopy, and emission spectroscopy. IR spectroscopy is a technique based on the vibrations of the atoms of a molecule. An infrared spectrum is obtained by passing infrared radiation through a sample and determining what fraction of the incident radiation is …

New Ruthenium complexes with antitumoral activity

Effects of two organotin(IV)(sulfonato phenyl)porphynates on the MAPKs and on the growth of A375 human melanoma cells

Previously we showed apoptotic induction in A375 human melanoma cells using two complexes of the meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphinate (TPPS), (Bu 2 Sn) 2 TPPS and (Bu 3 Sn) 4 TPPS. To understand how these compounds activate apoptosis in melanoma cells we studied MAPKs and the (Bu 2 Sn) 2 TPPS and (Bu 3 Sn) 4 TPPS cellular uptake. Western blotting experiments showed activated protein kinases ERK 1/2, JNK and p38 in 10 μM (Bu 2 Sn) 2 TPPS- and 1 μM (Bu 3 Sn) 4 TPPS-treated melanoma cells, which suggests that the three MAP kinases are involved in the apoptotic death of A375-treated cells. By taking advantage of the porphyrin fluorescence, we found a fast concentration of (Bu 2 Sn) 2 TPPS an…

Synthesis, Structural characterization and Exafs investigations of new ruthenium(III) complexes.

Two new complexs of Ru(III) with glucosaminic acid and 1-Methyluracil, [RuCl2(Glun-N,O)2]H (I), (Glun-= glucosaminate); [RuCl4(1-MeU-N3)(DMSO)]H2.H2O (II), (1-MeU-= 1-Methyluracilate) were prepared from the same Ru(III) precursors, RuCl3•3H2O and [(DMSO)2H][trans-RuCl4(DMSO)2]. The characterization of the complexes have been carried out by elemental analysis, FT-IR, ES-MS, NMR and EXAFS.

Preparation and structural studies on the tBu2Sn(IV) complexes with aromatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids containing hetero {N} donor atom

Nine complexes of 'Bu2Sn(IV)(2+) were obtained in the solid state with ligands containing -COOH group(s) and aromatic (N) donor atom. The binding sites of the ligands were identified by FT-IR spectroscopic measurements. It was found that in most cases the -COO- groups are co-ordinated in monodentate manner. Nevertheless, in some of our complexes, the -COO- group forms bridges between two central {Sn} atoms resulting in the formation of an oligomeric structure, a motif that is characteristic only to the nicotinate compound. These pieces of information and the rationalisation of the experimental Sn-119 Mossbauer nuclear quadrupole splittings, Delta, - according to the point charge model forma…

119Sn NMR Ccomputational study of Dimethyltin(IV) - D-ribonic Acid and Dimethyltin(IV) - N-Acetylneuraminic acid complexes

Scientific studies for the restoration of a wood painting of the Galleria Interdisciplinare Regionale della Sicilia—Palazzo Mirto di Palermo

Abstract The Ritratto muliebre, referring to Venus, is a panel painting, oil on wood, attributed to unknown artist and probably dated to the second half of 16th century, today conserved in the Galleria Interdisciplinare Regionale della Sicilia—Palazzo Mirto of Palermo. The aim of this research was to assess the techniques used to decorate the wooden painting and to verify the state of conservation of the artwork's materials but also to identify the previous treatments. This study was the essential condition to plane and perform the correct restoration. For this reason, an integrated analytical approach based on the use of non-invasive and micro-invasive techniques was used, with the aim to …

"Dna binding of organotin(IV) complexes of meso-tetra (4 sulfonatophenyl) porphine showing cellular activity"

Our research group has reported about the synthesis of alkynyl-substituted metallophthalocyanines of symmetric and unsymmetric nature. In this study, a novel phthalocyanine precursor bearing pyridin-3-ylethynyl groups and its tetrasubstituted metallo- phthalocyanines at peripheral positions were reported.

Organometallic complexes with biological molecules. XI. Solid state and in vivo investigations of some diorganotin(IV)-chloramphenicol and cycloserine derivatives

Abstract Diorganotin(IV) derivatives of chloramphenicol, {=D-(-)threo-2,2-dichloro-N-[ β -hydroxy- α -(hydroxymethyl)- β -(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]acetamide (=Hchloramph)}, and D-cycloserine, {=(R)-4-amino-3-isoxazolidone [=Hcyclos]} have been prepared. The stoichiometries of the obtained compounds were R 2 SnClantib and R 2 Snantib 2 (antib −1 =chloramph −1 , R=methyl and phenyl; antib −1 =cyclos −1 , R=methyl). The solid state configuration of the complexes was investigated by I.R. and Mossbauer spectroscopy, from which structural hypotheses were inferred. In particular, the experimental data suggested monomer structures both for R 2 Sn(IV)Clchloramph and R 2 Sn(IV)chloramph 2 , in which chlo…

Organotin(IV) derivatives of fatty acids: Solid state and solution phase investigations

How organotin(IV)(sulfonatophenyl) porphynate may activate the apoptotic pathways in melanoma cells?

Interference of tri-n-butyltin(IV)chloride (TBTCl) on the vascular plant cells

Supramolecular Assemblies Based on Complexes of Nonionic Amphiphilic Cyclodextrins and a meso-Tetra(4- sulfonatophenyl)porphine Tributyltin(IV) Derivative: Potential Nanotherapeutics against Melanoma

Amphiphilic cyclodextrin (ACyD) provides water-soluble and adaptable nanovectors by modulating the balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains at both CyD sides. This work aimed to design nanoassemblies based on nonionic and hydrophilic ACyD (SC6OH) for the delivery of a poor-water-soluble organotin(IV)-porphyrin derivative [(Bu3Sn)4TPPS] to melanoma cancer cells. To characterize the porphyrin derivatives under simulated physiological conditions, a speciation was performed using complementary techniques. In aqueous solution (≤ 20 μM), (Bu3Sn)4TPPS primarily exists as a monomer (2 in Figure 1), as suggested by the low static anisotropy (ρ ≈ 0.02) with a negligible formation of por…

Bu2Sn(N-acetyl-L-cysteinate) antitumor activity on HepG2 cells

Diorganotin(IV) N-acetyl-L-cysteinate complexes: synthesis, solid state, solution phase, DFT and biological investigations.

Diorganotin(IV) complexes of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (H(2)NAC; (R)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid) have been synthesized and their solid and solution-phase structural configurations investigated by FTIR, Mössbauer, (1)H, (13)C and (119)Sn NMR spectroscopy. FTIR results suggested that in R(2)Sn(IV)NAC (R = Me, Bu, Ph) complexes NAC(2-) behaves as dianionic tridentate ligand coordinating the tin(IV) atom, through ester-type carboxylate, acetate carbonyl oxygen atom and the deprotonated thiolate group. From (119)Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy it could be inferred that the tin atom is pentacoordinated, with equatorial R(2)Sn(IV) trigonal bipyramidal configuration. In DMSO-d(6) solution, NMR spectr…

Organotin(IV) chloride complexes with phosphocholine and dimyristoyl-L-?-phosphatidylcholine

Several complexes of R n SnCl 4-n (R = Me, Ph, n = 1-3; R = nBu, n = 2, 3) with phosphocholine and dimyristoyl-L-α-phosphatidylcholine (phospholipid) have been synthesized and characterized by means of Mossbauer spectroscopy and NMR. Triorganotin chlorides form complexes of (R 3 SnCl) 2 .L stoichiometry with a trigonal bipyramidal pentacoordinate tin environment, while the others form 1:1 complexes with an octahedral hexacoordinate tin environment, with the ligands coordinating through anionic phosphodiester moieties in all cases.

Studio tecnico dei materiali costitutivi e delle tecniche esecutive delle cornici lignee in Sicilia

Organometallic complexes with biological molecules. XVIII. Alkyltin(IV) cephalexinate complexes: synthesis, solid state and solution phase investigations

Abstract Dialkyltin(IV) and trialkyltin(IV) complexes of the deacetoxycephalo-sporin-antibiotic cephalexin [7-( d -2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-3-methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid] (Hceph) have been synthesized and investigated both in solid and solution phase. Analytical and thermogravimetric data supported the general formula Alk 2 SnOHceph · H 2 O and Alk 3 Snceph · H 2 O (Alk=Me, n -Bu), while structural information has been gained by FT-IR, 119 Sn Mossbauer and 1 H, 13 C, 119 Sn NMR data. In particular, IR results suggested polymeric structures both for Alk 2 SnOHceph · H 2 O and Alk 3 Snceph · H 2 O. Moreover, cephalexin appears to behave as monoanionic tridentate ligand coordinating th…

Solid State Analysis of Metal-Containing Polymers Employing Mossbauer Spectroscopy, Solid State NMR and F EI TOF MALDI MS

Polymers in general and metal-containing polymers in particular are often sparingly soluble or insoluble, in contrast to small molecules. Thus, special significance is attached to characterization techniques that can be applied to the materials as solids. Here, three techniques are discussed that give structural information gained from the solid material. Mossbauer spectroscopy is a powerful technique that may give information on the structure about the metal-containing moiety for about 44 different nuclei. Its use in describing the structure of the product obtained from organotin dichlorides and the unsymmetrical ciprofloxacin is presented along with the reaction implications of the result…

Apoptosis and cell growth arrest in A375 human melanoma cells by diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) complexes of [meso-Tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine] manganese(III)chloride

In previous studies we have demonstrated that two derivatives of meso-Tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS), (Bu2Sn)2TPPS and (Bu3Sn)4TPPS, cause apoptotic death of A375 melanoma cells and, at lower concentrations, arrest of cell proliferation. In the present study, we examined if the manganese metal inside the porphyrin cavity could improve the efficacy of this class of compounds. Thus, [meso- Tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine]Mn(III)Cl (=MnTPPS) derivatives, namely (Me2Sn)2MnTPPS, (Bu2Sn)2MnTPPS, (Me3Sn)4MnTPPS and (Bu3Sn)4MnTPPS, were tested on the A375 human melanoma cell line. A cytotoxicity assay showed that (Bu2Sn)2MnTPPS and (Bu3Sn)4MnTPPS were highly cytotoxic by inducing apoptosi…

Synthesis, structural investigations on organotin(IV) chlorin-e6 complexes, their effect on sea urchin embryonic development and induced apoptosis

Four new organotin(IV) chlorin derivatives, [chlorin=chlorin-e(6)=21H,23H-porphine-2-propanoic acid, 18-carboxy-20-(carboxymethyl)-8-ethenyl-13-ethyl-2,3-di-hydro-3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-(2S-trans)-], with formula (R(2)Sn)(3)(chlorin)(2).2H(2)O (R=Me, n-Bu) and (R(3)Sn)(3)chlorin.2H(2)O (R=Me, Ph) have been synthesized. The solid state and solution phase structures have been investigated by FT-IR, (119)Sn Mössbauer, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. In the solid state, (R(2)Sn)(3)(chlorin)(2).2H(2)O complexes contain six coordinated Sn(IV), in a skew trapezoidal environment by forming trans-R(2)SnO(4) polymeric units. As far as (R(3)Sn)(3)chlorin.2H(2)O complexes are concerned, Sn(IV) is five …

ORGANOSTAGNO(IV) COMPLESSI CON N-ACETILCISTEINA AD ATTIVITÀ ANTITUMORALE, PROCEDIMENTO PER LA LORO PRODUZIONE E LORO USO.

Organotin(IV) and simple fatty acids: preliminary assessments

Our group has a long researching tradition in the field of organotin(IV) complexes, usually proposed and tested as potential anti-tumor drugs. The leitmotif has usually been the modulation of the intrinsic toxicity/cytotoxicity of the organometallic moiety and a modulation of the toxic effect by means of biologically related molecules (synthetic or natural). Such a modulation is usually achieved by two (often overlapping) routes: dampen the damaging effects of the metal core, and serving as a carrier for specific tissue districts. Since a too tight binding on the organotin moiety is not always desirable – a too much stable complex could be a non-active one – carboxylates have always played …

Microscopic approach to investigate constitutive materials and technique of San Vito wooden pulpit of Museo Diocesano of Palermo

The aim of this research was to assess the techniques used to create and decorate the wooden pulpit of San Vito and to verify the state of preservation of the finishing materials of the artwork.

Organotin(IV)(sulfonatophenyl)porphynate effects on survival and apoptotic signalling pathways in melanoma cells

Effects of sublethal levels of tributyltin chloride on a new toxicity test organism,Liza saliens (osteichthyes, mugilidae): a histological study

The histopathological effects of 10−7 and 10−9M tributyltin(IV)chloride,TBTCl, solutions on different Liza saliens organs have been studied by light microscope. The fish were sacrificed after 3–4 h incubation in 10−7M TBTCl solution or after 15 days incubation in 10−9M solution. The observed histopathological changes were dose- and time-dependent. The 10−7M TBTCl concentration resulted in major damage to the gill epithelium, indicating that TBTCl primarily interfered with the respiration, osmoregulation, acid balance and nitrogenous waste excretion processes. After incubation in 10−9M TBTCl solution the fish lived 20 or more days, but many of the organs were altered. Thymus atrophy, reduced…

Structural investigations on diorgano- and triorganotin(IV) derivatives of [meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine]metal chlorides.

Abstract Several new complexes of organotin(IV) moieties with MCln[meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine], (R2Sn)2MCln[meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)-porphinate]s and (R3Sn)4MCln [meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphinate]s, [M = Fe(III), Mn(III): n = 1, R = Me, n-Bu; Ph; M = Sn(IV): n = 2, R = Me, n-Bu] have been synthesized and their solid state configuration investigated by infrared (IR) and Mossbauer spectroscopy, and by 1H and 13C NMR in D2O. The electron density on the metal ion coordinated inside the porphyrin ring is not influenced by the organotin(IV) moieties bonded to the oxygen atoms of the side chain sulfonatophenyl groups, as it has been inferred on the basis of Mossbauer spectro…

Biological activity of organotin(IV) compounds: structural and chemical aspects

High-throughput screening at the picoliter scale by combining Dip Pen Lithography with Inkjet printing

Drug screening is a complex, expensive and time consuming field consisting of diseasebased target identification in conjunction with high-throughput screening of chemical and natural product libraries. Conventional drug screening technology is usually time and reagent consuming (micro-, nanoliter scale) and is based on complex liquid handling robotics. In this work, we show a low-cost and miniaturized drug screening methodology based on direct bio-printing methodologies like Inkjet Printing and Dip Pen Lithography. We show the possibility to precisely deliver femtoliter scale droplets of protein targets by Dip Pen Lithography by finely tuning deposition parameters. This allows obtaining mic…

Ciprofloxacin Polymers Derived from Diallyltin and Divinyltin Dihalides

The initial synthesis of condensation polymers from newly available divinyltin dichloride and diallyltin dichloride and ciprofloxacin is accomplished employing a modified interfacial polycondensation process. The polymeric (DP are about 2,000) products are rapidly (less than 15 seconds) formed in good yield. Infrared spectroscopy shows the formation of Sn-O and Sn-N bonds as predicted from the proposed structure. F-MALDI MS also shows ion fragments containing organotin in the predicted isotopic abundances as well as ion fragments containing both organotin and ciprofloxacin. The polymers exhibit low toxicity towards healthy WI-38 cells with variable toxicities towards a variety of cancer cel…

Lipid and fatty acid variations inCiona intestinalis ovary after tri-n-butyltin(IV)chloride exposure

Reduction of total lipids (TL) content and significant variations of triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) fractions were observed as a consequence of exposure of Ciona intestinalis ovaries to tributyltin chloride (TBTCL) solutions. In particular, an evident TG decrease and a PL increase were observed, which probably provoked an increment in membrane fluidity, because of the high concentration of long chain fatty acids and, as a consequence, PL. This could be a cell adaptive standing mechanism towards the pollutants, as observed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Also the increase in the content of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), important in the synthesis of compounds such as prostagla…

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial activity of triorganotin(IV)fusidate complexes

Synthesis, structural investigations on organotin(IV) chlorin-e6 complexes, their effect on sea urchin embryonic development and induced apoptotic changes

CONSERVATIVE RESTORATION OF TWO WOODEN ARM RELIQUARIES (18TH CENTURY) FROM PALERMO’S CATHEDRAL

The scientific investigations preliminary to the restoration of two golden wooden reliquaries, from Palermo's Cathedral, are reported in this work.

Dibuthyltin(IV) Complexes with Caffeic acid: Apoptotic Effect on human cancer cells

Effects of tri-n-butyltin(IV) chloride on neurulation of Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata, Ascidiacea): an ultrastructural study

This paper reports the cytotoxic effects of tri-n-butyltin (IV) chloride, TBTCl, on the neurulation process of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. Exposure of the embryos at early neurula stage in 10−5 and 10−7M TBT (IV) chloride solutions for 1–2 h provoked the irreversible arrest of their development. Morphological and ultrastructural observations suggested that most probably there are two principal causes determining the neurulation process block. The first is due to the TBT effects of inhibiting the polymerization and/or degradation of microfilaments and microtubules, proteins that constitute the cytoskeleton. The lack of orientation and extension of both microtubules and microfilaments of…

Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride on the gametes and fertilization ofAscidia malaca (Ascidiacea: Tunicata)

Ascidia malaca gametes before fertilization incubated in 10-5 or 10-7 M solutions of tributyltin(IV) chloride, TBTCl, for 3 h appear highly damaged under transmission electron microscopy observation. Also, the fertilization process is affected by the compound: the damaged spermatozoa are present in the vitelline coat and the egg does not cleave. An increase of microbodies, structurally similar to peroxisomes, have been detected in the egg peripheral cytoplasm, probably in relation to their role in alleviating damage to some cellular components. The results have shown that the reproduction of ascidians under unfavourable environmental conditions is prevented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp…

Effects of sublethal levels of tributyltin chloride on a new toxicity test organism, Liza saliens (Osteichthyes, Mugilidae)

The histopathological effects of 10−7 and 10−9 M tributyltin(IV)chloride,TBTCl, solutions on different Liza saliens organs have been studied by light microscope. The fish were sacrificed after 3–4 h incubation in 10−7 M TBTCl solution or after 15 days incubation in 10−9 M solution. The observed histopathological changes were dose- and time-dependent. The 10−7 M TBTCl concentration resulted in major damage to the gill epithelium, indicating that TBTCl primarily interferedwith the respiration, osmoregulation, acid balance and nitrogenous waste excretion processes. After incubation in 10−9 M TBTCl solution the fish lived 20 or more days, but many of the organs were altered. Thymus atrophy, red…

Imbibition of Femtoliter-Scale DNA-Rich Aqueous Droplets into Porous Nylon Substrates by Molecular Printing

This work presents the first reported imbibition mechanism of femtoliter (fL)-scale droplets produced by microchannel cantilever spotting (μCS) of DNA molecular inks into porous substrates (hydrophilic nylon). Differently from macroscopic or picoliter droplets, the downscaling to the fL-size leads to an imbibition process controlled by the subtle interplay of evaporation, spreading, viscosity, and capillarity, with gravitational forces being quasi-negligible. In particular, the minimization of droplet evaporation, surface tension, and viscosity allows for a reproducible droplet imbibition process. The dwell time on the nylon surface permits further tuning of the droplet lateral size, in acc…

Effects of organotin(IV)(metal-sulfonatophenyl)porphinates on the growth of A375 human melanoma cells

Scientific studies for the restauration of two wooden arm reliquaries from the Cathedral of Palermo

Dedicated to Saint Generosi and Saint Rosana, the reliquary arms, recalling the shape of a body part, are today located in the Relics Chapel in Palermo Cathedral. They are probably dated to the second half of the 18th century and are attributed to an unknown artist. The aims of this study were to investigate the decorative techniques, verify the state of conservation of the constitutive materials, measure the microclimate condition in the Relics Chapel, in order to set up a correct preventive conservation strategy. In this regard, an integrated scientific investigation was performed focusing on environmental monitoring (thermo-hygrometric parameters) by HOBO system, characterization of mate…

Carbocysteine degradation catalyzed by organotin(IV) compounds.

Toxic Effects of Organometallic Compounds towards Marine Biota

Organometallic derivatives are compounds containing a direct σ or π carbon metal linkage. Furthermore, the concept of the metallic atom must be extended to all the elements that are less negative than the carbon atom. As a consequence, taking into account all elements that are less negative than carbon and the number of existing organic compounds, it is possible to synthesize millions of organometallic derivatives. Several of these are extensively used in organic syntheses; others may find application in agriculture and in many other fields as pesticides, fire retardants, wood preservatives, antifouling agents, etc. In general, the organic derivatives of the metals are more toxic than the p…

Oxidative stress induced by the novel compound tributyltin(iv) ferulate promotes ER stress and autophagy in colon cancer cells

Le indagini scientifiche per lo studio e la conservazione dei beni culturali : un approccio analitico integrato, la conoscenza dei materiali costitutivi e della tecnica esecutiva della Madonna Odigitria di Monreale

The icon Virgin Hodegetria, now in Santa Maria Nuova Cathedral in Monreale near Palermo (Italy), probably dates from the beginning of thirteen century could be considered one of the earliest examples of medieval icon in Sicily. The icon is distinguished from other southern icons by the strong Byzantine matrix and by its size (169x131x3 cm). Since 2015, the icon is part of the Arab-Norman Palermo UNESCO Heritage. This paper will deal with historical and scientific investigations on the icon to better understand the painting materials, the executive technique and to resolve question about on-going restoration in planning a complex conservation project. Examination of the icon was both non-inv…

Novel metallic and organometallic based antiproliferative complexes: Integrated methodologies of evaluation

Potential use of organotin(IV)-tripetide complexes as stopper in tumor cells growth.

Synthesis and structural investigations on R2Sn(IV)-D-aldonic acid complexes (R = methyl; butyl). Their effect on a new toxicity test organism,Liza saliens(Osteichthyes, Mugilidae): a histological study

Eight R2Sn(IV)-D-aldonate complexes [(R = Me, Bu; D-aldonate = D-galactonate2− (Galn), D-Gluconate2− (Glun), D-Gulonate2− (Guln), D-Ribonate2− (Ribn)], five of which are new derivatives, have been synthesized and structurally characterized both in solid and solution state by IR, 119Sn Mossbauer and 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectroscopies, showing that ligands act as dianonic chelating agents. In solution phase, NMR data suggest that the bidentate chelation is attained by the O1 carboxylate and the vicinal O2 alkoxide atoms, which can be dynamically extended to a third binding site (O4) competing with O2. In Me2Sn(IV)-D-gluconate complex the occurrence of a self-association process leading to a di…

ORGANOTIN(IV)-PORPHINATE FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC BULK HETEROJUNCTIONS

Due to the versatility and variability of their molecular structures, optical spectra, electrical properties, and supramolecular organization potential, porphyrins related compounds have been widely studied in organic solar cells [1,2]. Indeed, these applications are a natural function for these compounds, and they have been extensively investigated in a variety of formats including single molecules, macromolecular and supramolecular structures. In this work, poly(hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and organotin(IV)-[meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl) porphinate] have been employed for engineering planar and bulk heterojunctions by layer by layer deposition. Improving the overall efficiencies of photovoltaic …

ATTIVITÀ CITOTOSSICA DEI COMPLESSI DIORGANOSTAGNO(IV)-N-ACETILCISTEINA SU CELLULE DI MELANOMA A-375.

Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride on fertilization ofStyela plicata(Ascidiacea: Tunicata): II. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies

The morphological aspects of Styela plicata fertilization after treatment with tributyltin(IV) chloride are described by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigations. Alterations have been shown both on female and male gametes; spermatozoa, all the egg envelopes and the mitochondria of the egg cortical cytoplasm are modified in relation to incubation time. As a consequence, the damage to gametes blocks sperm–egg interaction and fertilization does not occur. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Structural investigations on diorganotin and triorganotin(IV) phosphomycin derivatives.

Abstract Four new diorganotin(IV), (R = Me, Bu), and triorganotin(IV), (R = Me, Ph), derivatives of the phosphomycin disodium salt antibiotic[(1R,2S)-1,2-epoxypropylphosphonate]Na2 have been synthesized and their solid state configuration studied by X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, Mossbauer, UV–Vis spectroscopies. The X-ray diffraction investigation, performed on the bis[trimethyltin(IV)]phosphomycin, showed that the coordination geometry at all the Sn atoms is trigonal bipyramidal. The structure of the complex forms an unusual polymeric zig-zag planar network. The FT-IR and the 119Sn Mossbauer studies supported the formation of trigonal bipyramidal (Tbp) molecular structures, both in the dio…

Equilibrium, Structural and Biological Activity Studies on [Organotin(IV)]n+ Complexes

Organotin(IV) compounds are characterized by the presence of at least one covalent C–Sn bond. The compounds contain tetravalent {Sn} centers and are classified as mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraorganotin(IV), depending on the number of alkyl (R) or aryl (Ar) moieties bound. The anions are usually Cl, F, O2, OH,–COO, or –S. It seems that the nature of the anionic group has only secondary importance in biological activity. The rapid rise in the industrial (catalyst in PVC and foam production), agricultural (fungicides and acaricides), and biological applications (wood, stone, and glass preservatives) of organotin(IV) compounds during the last few decades has led to their accumulation in the envir…

Synthesis, structural investigation and biological activity of metal ions complexes of N-acetylcysteine and carbocysteine

Organotin(IV) complexes with epigenetic modulator ligands: New promising candidates in cancer therapy

Organotin(IV) compounds have found their place among a class of non-platinum chemotherapeutic metallo-pharmaceuticals exhibiting good antitumor activity. The cytotoxicity induced by the different kinds of organotins has been related to several mechanism. In this review we report our last decade research activity concerning the synthesis and chemical characterization of new organotin(IV) derivatives containing epigenetic modulator ligand by using, FT-IR, Mössbauer spectroscopy, 119Sn{1H} cross polarization magic angle spinning, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, UV–Vis, 1H, 13C{1H} and 119Sn{1H} NMR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The first aim of the biologi…

Complessi di nuova sintesi di derivati della cisteina con ioni metallici

Electrochemotherapy for "in vivo" experimental trial of new promising anti-melanoma therapy

Interference of tributyltin(IV)chloride on the vascular plant cells

In the recent past years, interest in the environmental impact of organotin(IV) compounds has risen markedly. Considering that most data in the scientific literature refers to the animal kingdom and not to higher plants cells, we tested the effects of organotin compounds on vascular plant cells, by studying the interaction of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) with Allium cepa, Solanun tuberosum and Solanum melongena, vascular plants that are directly involved in the human food chain. The TBTCl effects on mitotic metaphase plates, on pollen grains and on both microtubers and adult tuber parenchymatic cells were investigated and the concentrations of TBTCl inside the treated parenchymatic cells we…

Nanoassemblies of Amphiphilic Cyclodextrin and Tributyltin(IV)Complexes of meso-Tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine: Spectroscopy, Release and Cytotoxicity on Human Melanoma Cells

Dibutyltin(IV) and Tributyltin(IV) Derivatives of meso-Tetra(4 sulfonatophenyl)porphine Inhibit the Growth and the Migration of Human Melanoma Cells.

Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer, which is largely due to its propensity to metastasize. Therefore, with the aim to inhibit the growth and the metastatic dissemination of melanoma cells and to provide a novel treatment option, we studied the effects of the melanoma treatment with two organotin(IV) complexes of the meso-tetra(4-sulfonato-phenyl)porphine, namely (Bu2Sn)2TPPS and (Bu3Sn)4TPPS. In particular, we showed that nanomolar concentrations of (Bu2Sn)2TPPS and (Bu3Sn)4TPPS are sufficient to inhibit melanoma cell growth, to increase the expression of the full-length poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1), to induce the cell cycle arrest respectively at G2/M a…

Synthesis of Ru(III) complexes with several N and S donor ligands

Coordination properties of the ACE inhibitor captopril towards Me2Sn(IV)2+ in aqueous solution, and biological aspects of some dialkyltin(IV) derivatives of this ligand

Abstract The coordination of Me 2 Sn(IV) 2+ (M) to captopril { N -[( S )-3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]- l -proline, H 2 (cap), H 2 L} in aqueous solution was studied by means of potentiometric titration, electrospray mass spectrometry, 1 H-NMR spectroscopy and Mossbauer spectroscopy in the pH range 2–11 ( I =0.1 mol dm −3 NaClO 4 , 298 K). The results obtained with these methods proved that only monomeric complexes are formed in solution. In the acidic pH range, species with a metal-to-ligand ratio of 1:1 exist. The neutral complex ML, similarly to the complex Me 2 Sn(cap) crystallized in the same pH range, adopts a tbp structure with eq S − and ax COO − , while, instead of the coordina…

Embryotoxicity studies of tri-n-butyltin(IV) complexes of 5-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyl]-2-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-[(E)-2-(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-diazenyl] benzoic acid on sea urchin development

The toxicity studies of free 5-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyll-2-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-[(E)-2-(3-formyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-diazenyllbenzoic acid and their tri-n-butyltin(IV) complexes were evaluated by using sea urchin early developmental stages as recommended model organisms for toxicity tests. The novel complexes, as the parent tri-n-butyltin(IV) chloride (TBTCl), caused mitosis block and induced high embryonic mortality in sea urchin. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Synthesis, chemical characterization, computational studies and biological activity of new DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) specific inhibitor. Epigenetic regulation as a new and potential approach to cancer therapy.

This work deals with the synthesis, the chemical characterization of dibutyltin(IV) complex of caffeic acid (Bu2Sn(IV)HCAF, caf1) and its cytotoxic action on tumor cells. The coordination environment at the tin center was investigated by FTIR, (119)Sn{(1)H} cross polarization magic angle spinning, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy in the solid state and UV-vis, fluorescence and (1)H, (13)C and (119)Sn NMR spectroscopy in solution phases. Density functional theory study confirmed the proposed structures in solution phase and indicated the most probably stable conformation. The effects on viability of breast cancer MDA-MB231, colorectal cancer HCT116, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 an…

Synthesis, Structural Analysis, Fiber Formation and Preliminary Anticancer Characterization of the Organotin Polyether from Dibutyltin Dichloride and 2,5-Dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol

The organotin polyether derived from reaction of dibutyltin dichloride and 2,5-dimethyl-3-hexyne-2,5-diol was rapidly synthesized employing classical interfacial polymerization in 65% yield and a chain length of 360 units. IR results are consistent with the polyether structure. Bands characteristic of the formation of the Sn-O are present and bands characteristic of the Sn-Cl are absent. F MALDI MS results in the low mass range gives ion fragment clusters to five units. Isotopic abundance matches for tin are consistent with its presence in these ion fragment clusters. In the high mass range ion fragment clusters to greater than 300 units are found. The products offer outstanding inhibition …

Synthesis, chemical characterization, computational studies and biological activity of organotin(IV) compounds interacting with enzymes involoved in epigenetic regulation. New and potential methodologies for studying molecular interactions

Our studies deal with the synthesis, the chemical characterization of organotin(IV) complexes of molecules, as caffeic acid, interacting with enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation.

Diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV complexes of meso tetra (4 sulfonatophenyl) porphine: do they bind DNA?

It was observed that organometallic porphyrin systems, where the Sn(IV) residue is in side chains, coordinated via sulphonatophenyl groups of porphyrin, show interesting and peculiar in vitro activity, in agreement with the anti-tumour activity of organotin complexes.

Organometallic complexes with biological molecules. XIV. Biological activity of dialkyl and trialkyltin(IV) [meso-tetra(4-carboxy- phenyl)porphinate] derivatives

Molecules. XIV. Biological Activity of Dialkyl and Trialkyltin(IV) [Meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphinate] Derivatives C. Mansueto, E. Puccia, F. Maggio, R. Di Stefano, T. Fiore, C. Pellerito, F. Triolo and L. Pellerito* Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Universita di Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Universita di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d’Orleans, 90128 Palermo, Italy

Diorganotin(IV) complexes with aldonic acids. Synthesis and structural study in solid state and in solution phase and biological activity

Computational studies of new metallic ions complexes of antioxidant dipeptides

Dip Pen Lithography of oligonucleotides on flexible substrates for point-of-care malaria disease testing

The first step for prevention and treatment of diseases is the accurate diagnosis. However, proper diagnostic technologies are not available in developing countries due to the lack of reliable electrical power, refrigeration and trained personnel. For this reason, there is an urgent need of low cost, rapid assays not requiring any external support. By coupling such technologies to communication infrastructures, healthcare in areas without access to medical personnel would be possible. “Paper” like substrates are ideal for fabricating such devices since they are cheap, easy to degradate after use and compatible with most of existing printing technologies [1]. We had previously shown the poss…

DNA-based biosensor on flexible nylon substrate by dip-pen lithography for topoisomerase detection

Dip-pen lithography (DPL) technique has been employed to develop a new flexible biosensor realized on nylon with the aim to detect the activity of human topoisomerase. The sensor is constituted by an ordered array of a DNA substrate on flexible nylon supports that can be exploited as a drug screening platform for anticancer molecules. Here, we demonstrate a rapid protocol that permits to immobilize minute quantities of DNA oligonucleotides by DPL on nylon surfaces. Theoretical and experimental aspects have been investigated to successfully print DNA oligonucleotides by DPL on such a porous and irregular substrate.

Computational study of dimethyl- and trimethyl-tin(IV) complexes of porphyrin derivatives

The molecular geometry, energetics and electronic charge distribution of diorgano- and triorgano-tin(IV) complexes of [protoporphyrin-IX] and [meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine] derivatives were determined at semi-empirical and ab initio levels. To study the molecular details of the complexes, simpler molecule models were calculated by the ab initio pseudo-potential method. The molecular properties of these complexes are essentially independent of the presence of the peripheral tin atoms. Agreement was always found among the results of the different computational approaches, as well as between the theoretical and the experimental findings on the molecular geometry of the hypothesized comp…

Organotin(IV)derivatives neurotoxicity and their modulation by Baclofen

Several new diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) complexes with 4-amino-3- (4-chloro phenyl)]-butanoic acid ( = Baclofen) have been synthesized and their structure investigated both in the solid state and in solution phase through spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, Mössbauer, 1H and 13C NMR). According to experimental analytical data, the stoichiometry of the complexes has been proposed as R2SnBac2 and R3SnBac, respectively for diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) baclofen complexes. (Baclofen = HBac; R = Me, Bu, Ph).

PRINTING NANOBIOLOGY IN AQUEOUS SYSTEMS

Our studies in the field of printing nanobiology in aqueous solution are proposed to highlight the role of water in the processes of interaction between biomolecules in drug- screening devices fabricated by bioprinting technologies and to emphasize the influence of water evaporation on the diffusion of molecules in droplets of picoliter-scale.

Biological activity studies on organotin(IV)n+ complexes and parent compounds

This review summarized the literature and own data on the parent organotin(IV) compounds and complexes formed with biologically active ligands.

Molecular basis of the interaction of novel tributyltin(IV) 2/4-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyl] benzoates endowed with an improved cytotoxic profile: Synthesis, structure, biological efficacy and QSAR studies

A series of tributyltin(IV) complexes based on 2/4-[(E)-2-(aryl)-1-diazenyl]benzoate ligands was synthesized, wherein the position of the carboxylate and aryl substituents (methyl, tert-butyl and hydroxyl) varies. The complexes, Bu(3)SnL(1-4)H (1-4), have been structurally characterized by elemental analysis and IR, NMR ((1)H, (13)C, and (119)Sn) and (119)Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy. All have a tetrahedral geometry in solution and a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the solid-state, except for Bu(3)SnL(4)H (4) that was ascertained to have tetrahedral coordination by X-ray crystallography. Cytotoxicity studies were carried out on human tumor cell lines A498 (renal cancer), EVSA-T (mammary cance…

Porphyrin tributyltin(IV) complexes for a novel approach in the tratment of human melanoma

Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer, largely refractory to existing therapies. The study of porphyrin derivatives as potential anti-tumor drugs has been an interesting field of investigation in the last years. Recently, a photo-independent cytotoxic effect of (Bu3Sn)4TPPS in the blocking melanoma cell proliferation an inducing a morphology cell change was investigated.[1] Amphiphilic CD (ACyD) provides more water soluble and adaptable nanovectors through modulation of the balance between hydrophobic and hydrophilic chains at both CD sides. ACyD can be conveniently tailored by covalently appending fluorescent label or receptor-targeting glycosyl- groups and can encapsulate conven…

Synthesis and characterization of some new ruthenium complexes with ligands of biological interest

tudio tecnico dei materiali costitutivi e delle tecniche esecutive delle cornici lignee in Sicilia

MICROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES (SEM AND OM) AND ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO CHARACTERIZE CONSTITUTIVE MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUE OF THE WOODEN FRAMES IN SICILY

Nowadays artworks traditionally included in the category of applied or decorative arts are considered at the same level of fine arts getting over the old definition of minor art. According to this consideration an increasing number of studies and paper deals with the decorative arts and the Observatory for Decorative Arts in Italy “Maria Accascina” (OADI) was settled within the University of Palermo in order to study them. Nevertheless most studies deal with artistic and historic issues of applied arts and just few concern with the technique used, at least in the southern part of Italy. This paper is a systematic research concerning the constitutive materials and the executive techniques of…

Organometallic complexes with biological molecules: XIII. Organotin(IV)[meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl)porphinate]s and the cell cycle: a flow-cytometric approach

The cytotoxic derivatives diorganotin(IV) and triorganotin(IV) [meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphinates, with stoichiometries [R2Sn]2TPPC and [R3Sn]4TPPC [R = Me, Bu, Ph; TPPC4−­= meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphinate4−], namely bis[dimethyltin(IV)], bis[dibutyltin(IV)], bis[diphenyltin(IV)], tetra[trimethyltin(IV)], tetra[tributyltin(IV)] and tetra[triphenyltin(IV)] [meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphinate]s, have been used to investigate their effects on the cultured human kidney cell cycle in order to understand further the origin of cell-growth inhibition induced by the above-mentioned chemicals. The cell-cycle-dependent DNA content distribution of cultured cells exposed to these compounds…

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE CONSERVATION OF A WOODEN SCULPTURE REPRESENTING ST. VINCENT DE PAUL (18TH) IN THE DIOCESAN MUSEUM OF PALERMO

Tributyltin(Iv) butyrate: A novel epigenetic modifier with er stress-and apoptosis-inducing properties in colon cancer cells

Organotin(IV) compounds are a class of non-platinum metallo-conjugates exhibiting antitumor activity. The effects of different organotin types has been related to several mechanisms, including their ability to modify acetylation protein status and to promote apoptosis. Here, we focus on triorganotin(IV) complexes of butyric acid, a well-known HDAC inhibitor with antitumor properties. The conjugated compounds were synthesized and characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, multi-nuclear (1H, 13C and 119Sn) NMR, and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the triorganotin(IV) complexes, an anionic monodentate butyrate ligand was observed, which coordinated the tin atom on a tetra-coordinated, monomeric enviro…

SCIENTIFIC STUDIES FOR THE RESTORATION OF A WOOD PAINTING OF THE GALLERIA INTERDISCIPLINARE REGIONALE DELLA SICILIA - PALAZZO MIRTO DI PALERMO

The Ritratto muliebre, referring to Venus, is a panel painting, oil on wood, attributed to unknown artist and probably dated to the second half of 16th century, today conserved in the Galleria Interdisciplinare Regionale della Sicilia—Palazzo Mirto of Palermo. The aim of this research was to assess the techniques used to decorate the wooden painting and to verify the state of conservation of the artwork's materials but also to identify the previous treatments. This study was the essential condition to plane and perform the correct restoration. For this reason, an integrated analytical approach based on the use of non-invasive and micro-invasive techniques was used, with the aim to obtain a …

Synthesis, chemical characterization and biological activity of new histone acetylation/deacetylation specific inhibitors: a novel and potential approach to cancer therapy

Three new triorganotin(IV) complexes of valproic acid (vp1, Me3Sn-valproate; vp2, Bu3Sn-valproate; vp3, Ph3Sn-valproate) have been synthesized and investigated by spectroscopic and biological methods. An anionic, monodentate valproate ligand was observed, ester-like coordinating the tin atom on a tetra-coordinated, monomeric environment. The structures, though, can distort towards a penta-coordination, as a consequence of a long range O center dot center dot center dot Sn interaction. Crystallographic and NMR findings confirm this situation both in solid state and solution. Biological finding evidenced a clear cytotoxic action of the complexes in hepatocellular carcinoma cell cultures: one …

Synthesis, structural investigation and biological activity of new diorganotin(IV) N-acetylcysteine Complexes.

Studies on DNA interaction of organotin(IV) complexes of meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine that show cellular activity.

PubMedID: 27393277 The interaction of the diorgano- and triorganotin(IV) derivatives of meso-tetra-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (Me2Sn)2TPPS, (Bu2Sn)2TPPS, (Me3Sn)4TPPS and (Bu3Sn)4TPPS to natural DNA was analysed (together with free meso-tetra-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine (TPPS4 -) for comparison purposes). Particular attention was paid to (Bu3Sn)4TPPS, a species that shows significant cellular action. Preliminary tests were done on the solution properties of the organotin(IV) compounds (pKA and possible self-aggregation). Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric experiments showed that all the investigated organotin(IV) derivatives strongly interact with DNA, the binding energy depending …

Organometallic complexes with biological molecules. XV. Effects of tributyltin(IV)chloride on enzyme activity, Ca2+, and biomolecule and synthesis inCiona intestinalis (Urochordata) ovary

Considerable attention has been given in recent years to the possibility that xenobiotics in the environment may affect reproduction in animals. In this study, the relative impact of tributyltin(IV) (TBT) chloride, one of the most toxic environmental pollutants, was investigated using Ciona intestinalis ovary as a model system. The pleiotropic effects of TBT exposure are concentration dependent and include a decrease of ATP levels, lipid content and nucleic acid content and synthesis. In contrast, a marked increase in calcium (Ca2+) and glucose content is observed. Furthermore, TBT alters enzymatic activity, inhibiting creatine kinase and stimulating alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase …

Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro antimicrobial activity of dialkyltin(IV)bis(fusidate) complexes.

The complexation of one steroid antibiotic of the fusidane family, sodium fusidate [sodium 2-16-acetyloxy-3,11-dihydroxy-4,8,10,14-tetramethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,9,11,12, 13,15,16-dodeca hydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ylidene)-6-methyl-hept-5-enoate = (Nafus)], by dialkyltin(IV) has been studied by conventional technique as FT-IR, Mössbauer and NMR spectroscopies. Analytical data supported the general formula Alk2Sn(IV)fus2 (Alk = Me, Bu). Infrared spectral data of the complexes imply the presence of both uni- and bidentate, ester-type and bridging carboxylate group, respectively. On the basis of FT-IR and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy, in both Me2Sn(IV)fus2 and Bu2Sn(IV)fus2, trigonal bipyram…

Abnormal Expression of the major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC Class II) Molecules in melanoma and cytotoxic effect of meso-tetra-(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphynate (=TPPS) derivatives.

Mössbauer Investigation on Organotin Polyester Amines Containing Ciprofloxacin.

Tributyltin(IV) ferulate, a novel synthetic ferulic acid derivative, induces autophagic cell death in colon cancer cells: From chemical synthesis to biochemical effects

Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural phenolic phytochemical that has low toxicity and exhibits therapeutic effects against various diseases, behaving as an antioxidant. FA also displays modest antitumor properties that have been reported at relatively high concentrations. With the aim of improving the anti-tumor efficacy of FA, we synthesized the novel compound tributyltin(IV) ferulate (TBT-F). The coordination environment at the tin center was investigated spectroscopically. Following synthesis, chemical characterization and computational analysis, we evaluated TBT-F effects in colon cancer cells. The results showed that TBT-F, at nanomolar range concentrations, was capable of reducing the viabi…

ROS-Dependent ER Stress and Autophagy Mediate the Anti-Tumor Effects of Tributyltin (IV) Ferulate in Colon Cancer Cells

Organotin compounds represent potential cancer therapeutics due to their pro-apoptotic action. We recently synthesized the novel organotin ferulic acid derivative tributyltin (IV) ferulate (TBT-F) and demonstrated that it displays anti-tumor properties in colon cancer cells related with autophagic cell death. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of TBT-F action in colon cancer cells. We specifically show that TBT-F-dependent autophagy is determined by a rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and correlated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. TBT-F evoked nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response and Nrf2 silenc…

New histone acetylation/deacetylation specific inhibitors: a novel and potential approach to cancer therapy

The acetylation status of histones is regulated in eukaryotes by two kinds of enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are responsible for acetylation and deacetylation of lysines residues in N-terminal tails of histone.[1] Thus acetylation, together with phosphorylation and methylation of N-terminal tail of histones, are involved in regulating fundamental processes, such as proliferation and cell death.[2-3] Sodium butyrate, which belongs together with valproic acid to the class of short chain fatty acids, was the first HDAC inhibitor (HDACI) to be identified.[1] Organotin compounds have various influences on physical function including the hormone…

Organometallic Complexes with Biological Molecules. Structural investigation of cis-diammineplatinum(II)-Porphyrin derivatives.

CCDC 830010: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Ornella Pellerito, Cristina Prinzivalli, Elisabetta Foresti, Piera Sabatino, Michele Abbate, Girolamo Casella, Tiziana Fiore, Michelangelo Scopelliti, Claudia Pellerito, Michela Giuliano, Giulia Grasso, Lorenzo Pellerito|2013|J.Inorg.Biochem.|125|16|doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.04.008