Signposting compatibility events driving the mycorrhizal route

International audience

Differential accumulation of beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase isoforms in tomato roots in response to colonization by either pathogenic or non-pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum

International audience

Developmental regulation of fungal-plant cross talk in arbuscular mycorrhiza

International audience

Changes in polypeptide profiles of two pea genotypes inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae

The symbiotic interaction between pea roots ('Pisum sativum' L.) and the endomycorrhizal fungus 'Glomus mosseae' should lead to specific gene expression of both symbionts. In order to detect symbiosis-related proteins (endomycorrhizins), we used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) after phenolic extraction of total soluble proteins. Furthermore, to better characterize the molecular changes after fungal infection, two pea genotypes available in our laboratory were used: cv. Frisson (myc⁺) and an isogenic mycorrhiza-resistant mutant (myc⁻). The latter prevents intraradical fungal development. Several differences were observed in polypeptide patterns of silver-stained …

Mycorrhizal technology in agriculture

International audience

State of art on mycorrhiza research and inoculum production

International audience

Mycorrhizal inocula for agricultural systems and forestry: achievements and perspectives

International audience

Developmental-regulated plant and fungal gene expression in mycorrhizal interactions with compatible and incompatible Medicago truncatula genotypes

International audience

Raspberry biotisation for quality plant production

International audience; Biotisation with beneficial mycorrhizal fungi and bacteria has been shown to be efficient in improving raspberry plant growth, particularly during the acclimatisation phase of in vitro produced plants. It also increases raspberry tolerance to Phytophthora fragariae var rubi which causes disastrous effects in the field and is not efficiently controlled by fungicides. The contamination of young plants during their multiplication has been a major source of spreading for this disease. For quality insurance, it is therefore important to produce plants which are healthy and devoid of P. fragariae var rubi contamination. In addition, the raspberry market is growing followin…

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and micropropagation of high value crops

Micropropagation has established its position as a way of propagating large numbers of uniform plants. For some plant species that are difficult to propagate by seeds or by conventional cuttings, this technique provides the only possible way of producing high quality plants. Micropropagation is widely used for propagation of high value crops like ornamentals, fruits, vegetables, plantation crops and spices (Vestberg and Estaun 1994). The micropropagation industry was growing fast in Europe up to 1992 (O’Riordain 1992) but after that the micropropagation industry seems to have stabilized its position although a slight increase in production of microplants was still recorded for the period 19…

Proteomics, a powerful approach towards understanding functional plant root interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

International audience

Ribosomal sequences as a tool to study and monitor arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

International audience

Mycorrhizal inocula: innovations or more rational use?

International audience; At present, commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inocula are produced in nursery plots, containers with different substrates and plants, aeroponic systems or, more recently, in vitro (1). Different formulated products are available on the market, which creates the need for the establishment of standards for widely accepted quality control. In particular, inoculum formulation should be optimised for maximum symbiosis efficiency together with the absence of pathogens. In some methods of inoculum production the presence of other soil microbes cannot be avoided. In these cases technological innovations are requested for monitoring microbial populations for an optimal m…

Analyse protéomique de l'impact de boues de stations d'épuration sur deux symbioses d'intérêt majeur en agriculture

COST Action 821 : arbuscular mycorrhizas in sustainable soil-plant systems

International audience

Proteome analysis and identification of symbiosis-related proteins from Medicago truncatula Gaertn. by two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

Time-course analysis of root protein profiles was studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and silver staining in the model plant Medicago truncatula, inoculated either with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae or with the nitrogen fixing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti. Protein modifications in relation to the development of both symbioses included down- and upregulations, as well as newly induced polypeptides. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after trypsin digestion clearly identified one polypeptide induced in nodulated roots as a M. truncatula leghemoglobin. Internal sequencing with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrome…

Local and systemic mycorrhiza-induced protection against the ectoparasitic nematode Xiphinema index involves priming of defence gene responses in grapevine

International audience; The ectoparasitic dagger nematode (Xiphinema index), vector of Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), provokes gall formation and can cause severe damage to the root system of grapevines. Mycorrhiza formation by Glomus (syn. Rhizophagus) intraradices BEG141 reduced both gall formation on roots of the grapevine rootstock SO4 (Vitis berlandierixV. riparia) and nematode number in the surrounding soil. Suppressive effects increased with time and were greater when the nematode was post-inoculated rather than co-inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus. Using a split-root system, decreased X. index development was shown in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal parts of my…

Plant gene responses to Glomus mosseae in compatible and incompatible genotypes of Medicago truncatula

International audience

Developmental-regulated gene expression in mycorrhizal interactions with host and non host Medicago truncatula

International audience

Medicago truncatula gene responses specific to arbuscular mycorrhiza interactions

International audience

Isolation and partial characterization of antagonistic peptides produced by Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 isolated from the sorghum mycorrhizosphere.

ABSTRACT Paenibacillus sp. strain B2, isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of sorghum colonized by Glomus mosseae , produces an antagonistic factor. This factor has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and also against fungi. The antagonistic factor was isolated from the bacterial culture medium and purified by cation-exchange, reverse-phase, and size exclusion chromatography. The purified factor could be separated into three active compounds following characterization by amino acid analysis and by combined reverse-phase chromatography and mass spectrometry (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry). The first com…

Common gene expression in Medicago truncatula roots in response to Pseudomonas fluorescens colonization, mycorrhiza development and nodulation

International audience

The role of the plant genome in modulating arbuscular mycorrhizal formation.

International audience

Molecular probes for studying population dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in roots and soil

International audience

Variabilité entre 2 espèces de Glomus dans la survie de leurs propagules

National audience

Bioalternatives to chemicals in plant production and in cleaning up the environment: hopes and reality

Enhancing biological control by combining microorganisms

International audience

Membrane proteomic of arbuscular mycorrhiza

Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments on endomycorrhizas

International audience

La protéomique, un outil pour évaluer l'impact de boues de stations d'épuration sur les interactions symbiotiques entre Medicago truncatula et le champignon mycorhizogène à arbuscule Glomus mosseae ou la bactérie fixatrice d'azote Sinorhizobium meliloti

National audience

Isolation and characterization of a BamHI element in psam3 a gene of Pisum sativum L. induced during early stages of arbuscular mycorrhiza development

Membrane proteomic analyses to reveal and identify arbuscular mycorrhizal-related proteins

Proteomics: a functional genomic approach for studying mycorrhizal interactions in legumes

Méthode simple pour évaluer le potentiel endomycorhizogène d’un inoculum

National audience; Les champignons mycorhizogènes à arbuscules (MA), forment une association mutualiste avec la plupart des plantes terrestres. Ils favorisent leur croissance et leur résistance à de nombreux stress biotiques et abiotiques. Leur utilisation en agriculture permet de limiter l’apport d’intrants chimiques. Pour gérer leur population il faut connaître leur abondance dans le sol, et donc évaluer le potentiel mycorhizogène du sol. Pour cela on utilise un test qui mesure le pouvoir de colonisation racinaire de ces symbiotes au niveau d’une plante piège. La méthode du « Most Probable Number » (MPN) est la plus utilisée. L’objectif de cette étude a été de comparer deux techniques d’é…

Comparaison des interactions plante - Fusarium oxysporum pathogènes et plante F. oxysporum non pathogènes par analyse protéique différentielle

National audience

A technical trick for studying proteomics in parallel to transcriptomics in symbiotic root-fungus interactions

We have developed a protocol in which proteins and mRNA can be analyzed from single root samples. This experimental design was validated in arbuscular mycorrhiza by comparing the proteins profiles obtained with those from a classical protein extraction process. It is a step forward to make simultaneous proteome and transcriptiome profiling possible.

Heavy metals in sewage sludges contribute to their adverse effects on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungusGlomus mosseae

Applying sewage sludges to agricultural land is a widespread practice because of the sludges’ agronomic value as a source of plant nutrients and organic matter. Nevertheless, sludges often contain micropollutants that can constitute a menace for health and the environment. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are sensitive to sewage sludges that have been spiked, or not, with metallic trace elements (MTE). Here we have investigated if MTE in sewage sludges could be responsible for effects on mycorrhizal development betweenGlomus mosseae andMedicago truncatula. The impact of a dehydrated or composted urban sewage sludge spiked or not with MTE, was tested on spore germination and root colonization by…

Glomalean spores and their DNA(s)

International audience

Mutations in DMI3 and SUNN modify the appressorium-responsive root proteome in arbuscular mycorrhiza.

Modification of the Medicago truncatula root proteome during the early stage of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis was investigated by comparing, using two-dimensional electrophoresis, the protein patterns obtained from non-inoculated roots and roots synchronized for Glomus intraradices appressorium formation. This approach was conducted in wild-type (J5), mycorrhiza-defective (TRV25, dmi3), and autoregulation-defective (TR122, sunn) M. truncatula genotypes. The groups of proteins that responded to appressorium formation were further compared between wild-type and mutant genotypes; few overlaps and major differences were recorded, demonstrating that mutations in DMI3 and SUNN modified the ap…

Clonage d'un gène de champignon arbusculaire fonctionnel lors de l'endomycorhization

National audience

Erratum to “Hydrolytic enzyme activity of Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 and effects of the antagonistic bacterium on cell integrity of two soil-borne pathogenic fungi”

Ce texte contient des corrections apportées à l'article " Hydrolytic enzyme activity of Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 and effects of the antagonistic bacterium on cell integrity of two soil-borne pathogenic fungi" sorti dans le numéro 15 du journal "Applied Soil Ecology" sorti en 2000.

Signal-related gene responses in beneficial root interactions with non-rhizobial microorganisms

International audience

Impact of sewage sludges on Medicago truncatula symbiotic proteome

The effects of sewage sludges were investigated on the symbiotic interactions between the model plant Medicago truncatula and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae or the rhizobial bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti. By comparison to a control sludge showing positive effects on plant growth and root symbioses, sludges enriched with polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons or heavy metals were deleterious. Symbiosis-related proteins were detected and identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry, and image analysis was used to study the effects of sewage sludges on M. truncatula symbiotic proteome.

Biotization of microplants for improved performance

International audience

Approche protéomique pour l'identification des protéines du champignon mycorhizogène à arbuscules Glomus intraradices N.C. Schenk et G.S. Sm (DAOM 181602) produit in vitro sur racines de carottes transformées Ri T-DNA (Daucus carota L.)

National audience

Sub-protéomique de la symbiose mycorhizienne de Medicago truncatula avec le champignon mycorhizogène à arbuscules Glomus mosseae

National audience

Mycorhizogene mushrooms to arbuscules and associated bacteria of precious allies for plant growth and health

National audience

Possible future development in arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum production

International audience

Symbiosis-related gene expression during early interactions between AM fungi and roots

International audience

The biotechnology of mycorrhizas

International audience

Heavy metals in sewage sludges contribute to their adverse effects on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae

International audience

La biotechnologie des mycorhizes à arbuscules en horticulture

Influence of arbuscular and ericoïd mycorrhiza formation on level of photosynthetic pigments in host plants

International audience

Expression profiling of up-regulated plant and fungal genes in early and late stages of Medicago truncatula - Glomus mosseae interactions

International audience

Ultrastructural and cell wall modifications during infection of Eucalyptus viminalis roots by a pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain

Fusarium species are soil-borne fungal pathogens that produce a variety of disease symptoms when attacking crop plants. The mode of root colonization of Eucalyptus viminalis seedlings by a pathogenic F. oxyporum strain (Foeu1) at the ultrastructural level and changes in cell wall pectin during host pathogen interactions are described. Root systems of E. viminalis plants were inoculated with F. oxysporum in an in vitro model system. Hyphae of F. oxysporum adhered to the outer epidermal cell walls through fibrillar material, and after penetration they spread into the internal tissues. They developed intercellularly and intracellularly in the root cortex and invaded vascular tissues. Papillae …

Microbial inoculation for improving the growth and health of micropropagated strawberry

Multimicrobial inoculation has been proposed as a way of protecting plants against environmental stress and increasing the sustainability of plant production. To study these possibilities in a micropropagation system, microplants of strawberry, Fragaria × ananssa, were inoculated or left uninoculated with five microorganisms ( Glomus mosseae BEG29, Bacillus subtilis M3, Trichoderma harzianumDB11, Pseudomonas fluorescensC7r12 and Gliocladium catenulatumGliomix ® ), used either singly or in dual mixtures in the presence or absence of the strawberry diseases crown rot ( Phytophthora cactorum) and red stele (P. fragariae). Finnish light Sphagnum peat was used as the growth substrate in the expe…

Impact of a new bio-pesticide produced by Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 on the genetic structure and density of soil bacterial communities

The effect of paenimyxin, a new biopesticide produced by Paenibacillus sp. strain B2, on the density of soil bacterial communities was assessed by colony counting and by 16S rDNA and nirK quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Paenimyxin had a negative effect on the bacterial colony-forming unit (CFU) number, which was significantly reduced 2 and 4 days after treatment. The effect of paenimyxin on cultivatable bacteria was negligible 7 days after treatment. Approximately 107 16S rDNA sequences per gram of soil (dry weight) were detected by quantitative PCR in all samples. Paenimyxin did not affect the quantification of 16S rDNA or of the denitrifying bacterial community. In addition,…

Signposting compatibility events initiating the mycorrhizal route

International audience

Les mycorhizes, le sol et le développement végétal

International audience

Proteomics as a tool to monitor plant-microbe endosymbioses in the rhizosphere

In recent years, outstanding molecular approaches have been used to investigate genes and functions involved in plant-microbe endosymbioses. In this review, we outline the use of proteomic analysis, based on two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, to characterize symbiosis-related proteins. During the last decade, proteomics succeeded in identifying about 400 proteins associated with the development and functioning of both mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbioses. Further progress in prefractionation procedures is expected to allow the detection of symbiotic proteins showing low abundance or being present in certain cell compartments.

Monitoring fluctuations of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in plants roots and soil

International audience

Une approche rapide pour le suivi de la colonisation mycorhizienne à arbuscules des plantes en agriculture

National audience

Production of soil-based arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal inoculants : the effect of physical factors

International audience

Cell interactions between a nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain and root tissues of Eucalyptus viminalis

Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum can be successful antagonists of pathogenic forms of the same fungal species that commonly attacks crop plants. The characteristics that distinguish nonpathogenic from pathogenic forms are not well understood. In this study, the mode of root colonization of Eucalyptus viminalis seedlings by a nonpathogenic F. oxysporum strain is described at the ultrastructural level. Root systems of E. viminalis plants were inoculated with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum strain Fo47 in an in vitro model system. Changes in the occurrence of nonesterified and methyl-esterified pectins in colonized E. viminalis roots were evaluated by in situ immunolabeling using two mo…

Identification of genes activated during arbuscular mycorrhiza interactions by suppressive substractive hybridisation and cloning of differential expresed cDNA

International audience

Bioprotection du pois par le champignon mycorhizogène à arbuscules Glomus mosseae vis-à-vis du champignon pathogène Aphanomyces euteiches

National audience

Les mécanismes de défense des plantes

National audience

Tolérance au cadmium et mécanismes de détoxification chez le pois mycorhizé

National audience

Mycorrhiza-related chitinase and chitosanase activity isoforms in Medicago truncatula Gaertn

International audience

La protéomique comme moyen d'identification de protéines induites par le cadmium et différenciellement régulées dans les racines de pois colonisées par un champignon mycorhizogène à arbuscules

National audience

Localized versus systemic effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on defence responses to Phytophthora infection in tomato plants

Development of biological control for plant diseases is accepted as a durable and environmentally friendly alternative for agrochemicals. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which form symbiotic associations with root systems of most agricultural, horticultural and hardwood crop species, have been suggested as widespread potential bioprotective agents. In the present study the ability of two AMF (Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices) to induce local or systemic resistance to Phytophthora parasitica in tomato roots have been compared using a split root experimental system. Glomus mosseae was effective in reducing disease symptoms produced by P. parasitica infection, and evidence points to …

Getting to the symbiotic proteome of Medicago truncatula

Purification and partial amino acid sequencing of a mycorrhiza-related chitinase isoform from Glomus mosseae-inoculated roots of Pisum sativum L

International audience

Symbiotic underground biodiversity and plant productivity

National audience

Lutte biologique chez le framboisier : résultats prometteurs et intérêt potentiel de lutte contre Phytophthora fragariae var. Rubi

National audience

25S rDNA-based molecular monitoring of glomalean fungi in sewage sludge-treated field plots

Recycling of sewage wastes in agriculture is likely to affect the biological activity of soils through contamination of ecosystems by pathogens and metallic or organic micropollutants. The impact of sewage sludge spreading under field conditions on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation by a community of glomalean fungi was evaluated using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and discriminating primers based on 25S rDNA polymorphisms to detect different fungal species within root systems. Medicago truncatula was grown in soil of field plots amended or not with a composted sewage sludge, spiked or not with organic or metallic micropollutants. Overall AM development in roots decreased with …

Mycorrhizal industry in modern agriculture

SPE IPM; International audience

Gene expression linked to symbiosis resistance in pea mutants

International audience

The use of genomic repeated sequences to characterize arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

International audience

Gene responses to non rhizobial beneficial microbe interactions in legumes

National audience

Signalling between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plants: Identification of a gene expressed during early interactions by differential RNA display analysis

Although there is evidence for an interplay of signalling/recognition events at different stages during plant/fungal interactions in arbuscular mycorrhiza, the nature of signalling molecules and signal perception/transduction processes are so far unknown. Virtually nothing is known of molecular interactions during initial contact between arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts, but plant mutants which limit fungal development to these first steps (myc-1) provide proof of the involvement of plant genes. One such pea mutant (P2) has been used to investigate gene expression during early plant-fungal interactions by differential RNA display. Partial transcriptome analysis has indicated frequent simila…

Effect of rhizosphère bacteria and endomycorrhizal fungi on the growth of Christmas rose (Helleborus niger L.)

International audience; Micropropagated and vegetative (by rhizome cuttings) propagated plants of Christmas rose ( Helleborus niger L.) were tested for their responses to the inoculation with microorganisms in order to optimize root growth and development. In our experiment, plants were inoculated with arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi or/and Agrobacterium radiobacter . The investigation indicated that inoculation with A. radiobacter had significantly positive effect on growth and development of plants multiplicated by in vitro techniques as compared to the dual inoculation. This study indicates that, biotization can be beneficial to plant growth in in vitro plant production systems but inoc…

Wanted : pathogenesis-related marker molecules for Fusarium oxysporum

Summary Although Fusarium oxysporum pathogens cause severe wilts in about 80 botanical species, the mechanisms of pathogenicity and symptom induction are poorly understood. Knowledge about the genetic and biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of F. oxysporum would be invaluable in getting targets for both fungicide development and search for biocontrol agents. In this respect, we described the main approaches that have been developed to identify some mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of F. oxysporum . During the last decades, the potential functions triggering of F. oysporum pathogenicity have mainly been investigated by comparing soilborne pathogenic strains with nonpathog…

Pea genes modulate symbiosis-associated fungal and plant molecular responses during late stages of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

International audience

Fungal protein accumulation in the extra - radical phase of arbuscular mycorrhiza: a shotgun proteomic picture

Caractérisation d’une collection de variétés anciennes de blé pour leur réponse à la mycorhization et impact sur la qualité du grain

Une base de données sur des critères morphologiques, taxonomiques et écologiques de 225 variétés de blé anciens (collection de l'association Graines de Noé ») a été mis en place à l'aide du logiciel FileMaker Pro. De nombreuses informations et autres notes d'intérêt ont été recueillis. L'analyse de 53 variétés pour leur capacité à former les mycorhizes, leur taux de mycorhization ont été évalué à trois étapes de développement: au tallage, à l'épiaison et à maturité des graines. Ces analyses ont montré que cinq variétés ont été très propice au développement de cette symbiose racinaire au tallage, toute forme cette symbiose à l’épiaison et seulement 19 d'entre elles voient leur mycorhization …

Hydrolytic enzyme activity of Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 and effects of the antagonistic bacterium on cell integrity of two soil-borne pathogenic fungi

Paenibacillus sp. strain B2, isolated from the mycorrhizosphere of Sorghum bicolor and having an antagonistic activity towards soil-borne fungal pathogens, possessed extracellular cellulolytic, proteolytic, chitinolytic and pectinolytic enzyme activities. The eventual role of these lytic enzymes in cellular interactions between Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 and Phytophthora parasitica and Fusariumoxysporum was investigated by electron microscopy and molecular cytology. Electron microscopic observations showed that the presence of Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 resulted in disorganisation of cell walls and/or cell contents of P. parasitica and F. oxysporum. However, when P. parasitica was treated…

Pathogenesis-related proteins in roots: a role in plant resistance or an epiphenomenon?

International audience; Although Pathogenesis-Related (PR) proteins have been identified in numerous monocotyledons and dicotyledons across different genera and in relation to very different physiological situations, relatively few studies have been conducted on roots which are the site of multimicrobial interactions. PR proteins are considered to be inducible proteins elicited by many environmental and developmental stimuli, but an increasing body of data points to their occurrence as constitutive components in different plant organs (Edreva 2005), including roots. This is the case, for example, of a Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debney hybrid which over-expresses PR protein genes and sh…

Sub-cellular proteomic analysis of a Medicago truncatula root microsomal fraction

Since the last decade, Medicago truncatula has emerged as one of the model plants particularly investigated in the field of plant-microbe interactions. Several genetic and molecular approaches including proteomics have been developed to increase knowledge about this plant species. To complement the proteomic data, which have mainly focused on the total root proteins from M. truncatula, we carried out a sub-cellular approach to gain access to the total membrane-associated proteins. Following the setting up of the purification process, microsomal proteins were separated on 2-DE. Ninety-six out of the 440 well-resolved proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF peptide mass fingerprinting. A high p…

Regulation of gene expression during endomycorrhizal infection

International audience

Stimulation of Defense Reactions in Medicago truncatula by Antagonistic Lipopeptides from Paenibacillus sp. Strain B2

ABSTRACT With the aim of obtaining new strategies to control plant diseases, we investigated the ability of antagonistic lipopolypeptides (paenimyxin) from Paenibacillus sp. strain B2 to elicit hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production and several defense-related genes in the model legume Medicago truncatula . For this purpose, M. truncatula cell suspensions were used and a pathosystem between M. truncatula and Fusarium acuminatum was established. In M. truncatula cell cultures, the induction of H 2 O 2 reached a maximum 20 min after elicitation with paenimyxin, whereas concentrations higher than 20 μM inhibited H 2 O 2 induction and this was correlated with a lethal effect. In plant roots in…

Les mycorhizes : boîte à outils de la production végétale moderne

National audience; Les bénéfices des mychorizes sur le développement et la qualité de la production végétale sont démontrés, la production d'inocula est en partie maîtrisée, il est possible d'évaluer le statut mycorhizien d'un substrat et d'identifier les champignons mycorhizogènes présents dans un inoculum : les paramètres sont réunis pour un développement (durable) de cette nouvelle aide à la culture, mais la France prend du retard.

Effets de l'endomycorhization sur la compétition de l'oignon vis-à-vis de quelques espèces adventices

National audience

Proteomics as a way to identify extra-radicular fungal proteins from Glomus intraradices - RiT-DNA carrot root mycorrhizas

To identify fungal proteins involved in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, root-inducing transferred-DNA transformed roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.) were in vitro inoculated with Glomus intraradices. Proteins extracted from the extra-radical fungus were analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A fungal reference map displaying 438 spots was set up. Four proteins, among the 14 selected for tandem mass spectrometry analysis, were identified including a NmrA-like protein, an oxido-reductase, a heat-shock protein and an ATP synthase beta mitochondrial precursor. The possible fungal origin of a MYK15-like protein found in mycorrhizal roots was further discussed. This is the first r…

Evaluation moléculaire in planta de la diversité des champignons mycorhizogènes dans des champs amendés avec des boues d'épuration

National audience

Des champignons au service des plantes

National audience; Présent à l'état naturel chez la majorité des plantes terrestres, les champignons mycorhizogènes jouent un rôle majeur dans le développement du végétal et sa résistance vis-à-vis des pathogènes du sol. Mis à mal par l'emploi excessif de pesticides ou d'engrais chimiques, ils sont par ailleurs encore peu exploités en culture.

Effect of Endomycorrhizal Infection on Root System Development in the Apple Rootstock (Malus domestica Borkh.) M26

A mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) is able to promote shoot growth of the apple rootstock M26. We have shown that the root system is also modified by the presence of the endophyte. Mycorrhiza formation reduced the shoot to root ratio and increased the specific root length. We show that in apple modifications in root architecture are mainly due to a reduction in the elongation of the different root orders.

Targeted proteomics to identify cadmium-induced protein modifications in Glomus mosseae-inoculated pea roots

International audience