Acute and chronic effects of clomipramine on isolation-induced aggression in male mice

1994

The behavioral effects of clomipramine were studied on an ethopharmacological model of aggression. A range of low doses (similar to those used in clinical practice: 1.5, 3, and 6 mg/kg) and a higher dose (24 mg/kg—more usual in animal experimentation) were administered to isolated male mice that confronted anosmic opponents in a neutral arena. Encounters were staged 30 min after acute treatment and either 30 min or 24 h after the last drug administration in the chronic (21-day) treatment. Significant behavioral effects were observed predominantly with the highest dose. Acute and chronic effects were similar in the sense that both decreased aggressive behavior and produced some impairment of…

Dynamics of star polymers in a good solvent: A Kramers potential treatment

1994

The ‘‘effective’’ relaxation time τ of isolated star polymers with excluded volume interactions in the Rouse model limit (i.e., disregarding hydrodynamic interactions present in real solvents) is studied varying both the number of arms f and the number of monomers per arm l. Here τ is defined from the response of the gyration radius of the star polymer to a Kramers potential that describes the effect of shear flow in lowest order in the shear rate. Monte Carlo simulations are performed with two different techniques (simple sampling with enrichment or dynamic Monte Carlo, respectively) for two different models (simple self‐avoiding walks with an extended core or the bond fluctuation model, r…

Concept Matching Technique for Assessing importance of Volatile Compounds for Cheddar Cheese Aroma

1994

Many volatile compounds have been identified in Cheddar cheese, but the importance of each compound for the characteristic Cheddar aroma is unknown. We screened 15 compounds for importance for Cheddar cheese aroma using a factorial design. The resulting mixtures were judged by a concept matching technique. The most important compounds for Cheddar cheese aroma were butyric acid, diacetyl and methional. A three-way factorial experiment was used to find their optimum concentrations. The optimum mixtures were compared to several Cheddar and non-Cheddar cheeses. Partial agreement was found between the mixtures and the Cheddar cheese concept. They were as Cheddar-like as some true Cheddar cheeses.

Low noise scintillation detectors with a P-47 thin layer screen for electrons of several keV

1994

Abstract The applicability of a low-noise scintillation detector (ScD) for the registration of electrons of several keV energy has been studied employing photomultipliers (PM) of different types and sizes. With the application of a sedimented P-47 scintillation screen, the values of the low-energy sensitivity limit and those of the light conversion coefficient were determined as about 2.7–4.7 keV and 2.8–6.6 photoelectrons/keV, respectively, for the set of PM's (Philips-Valvo XP 2020, Philips-Valvo XP 2052, Philips-Valvo XP 2972, EMI 9124a) studied. It is concluded that such scintillation detectors might be used advantageously as electron counters in the range of E > 5 keV. Applications bel…

A monofluid flow mathematical model of liquid helium II based on extended non-equilibrium thermodynamics

1994

The present work is a generalization of a previous analysis which aims at a single-fluid description of the macroscopic behaviour of helium II. A single-fluid model of helium II, with a wider range of temperatures and pressures than the one previously described, is formulated here using the extended thermodynamics of a non-ideal fluid in the absence of dissipation. The model here formulated includes, according to experimental data, the propagation of the two sounds typical of superfluid helium, a relationship between the stress deviator and the square of heat flux and an explanation of the fountain effect.

On aphasia and communicative speech therapy: Once more

1994

Abstract In my paper I tried to emphasize the idea of communication as a process in which one's informative intention is made evident by coded or non-coded verbal and non-verbal means and in co-operation with other interlocutors. Furthermore, I presented some general goals of a communicative speech therapy and then demonstrated what kind of consequences they would have on the study of aphasic communication.

Transitory disappearance of microglia during the regeneration of the lizard medial cortex

1994

In normal lizards, microglial cells populate the medial cortex (a zone homologous to the hippocampal fascia dentata), with a preferential distribution along the border between the granular cell layer and the plexiform layers. Intraperitoneal injection of the neurotoxin 3-acetylpyridine (3AP) induces a selective lesion in the medial cortex with a rapid degeneration of the granular layer and its zinc-enriched axonal projection. Within 6-8 weeks, the granular layer is, however, re- populated by a new set of neurons generated in the subjacent ependyma and the cell debris is removed. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent microglia were involved in the scavenging processes during …

Phytoplankton dynamics in a shallow, hypertrophic reservoir (Lake Arancio, Sicily)

1994

Phytoplankton abundance and composition in the hypertrophic man-made Lake Arancio was analyzed, based on a programme of weekly sampling from May 1990 to November 1991 and supported by measurements of limnological parameters. The highest value of phytoplankton biomass (78 mg l-1) was observed in October 1990, during a bloom of the desmid Closterium limneticum var. fallax, while the lowest (0.15 mg l-1) was measured in April 1991. During spring, autumn and winter 1990, species of the genus Closterium dominated the community, in the sequence: C. aciculare, C. limneticum var. fallax, C. limneticum. The summer community was more diverse with the predominance of organisms belonging to Chlorophyce…

Workshop 6: Immunohistochemistry of Proteins in Neuromuscular Disorders

1994

Subclinical hypothyroidism resulting from autoimmune thyroiditis in female patients with endogenous depression.

1994

Thyroid function and presence of thyroid autoantibodies were assessed in a group of 75 consecutive female patients with mood disturbances and in a group of 38 healthy women of similar age recruited as controls. Nine patients suffered from major (endogenous) depression and 66 from minor (neurotic) depression. The individual patients had normal values of circulating thyroid hormones. Nevertheless, endogenously depressed patients had total serum triiodothyronine (M±SE=1.49±0.09 nmol/l) and both total (83.9±4.3 nmol/l) and free serum thyroxine (13.9±1.1 pmol/l) lower than in the group of minor depressed and in the group of controls (p<0.01, in both comparison). The median value of serum thyrotr…

N2monolayers physisorbed on graphite: the herringbone transition revisited

1994

Monte Carlo simulations were undertaken of the orientational herringbone phase transition of N2 adsorbed on graphite in the complete monolayer (✓3 × ✓3) R30° structure. The non-universal aspects (c...

Pitfalls in the powder diffraction analysis of zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-8

1994

Crystal structure analyses by the Rietveld method have shown that the framework structures of zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-8 are essentially identical. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish the two phases especially when the template-free H forms are studied. In addition, some inconsistencies in publications on the two zeolites aggravate the correct interpretation of the powder diagrams. A powder pattern published for ZSM-8 which indicates significant differences between the lattice constants of ZSM-8 and ZSM-5 is shown to be incorrectly indexed. Correct reindexing gives lattice constants for ZSM-8 matching average ZSM-5 values. Peak splitting of a ZSM-8 reflection at 2θ≈23° (CuKα) has been u…

Elimination of the unknown irrelevant matrix absorbance by using the H-Point Standard Additions Method (HPSAM)

1994

It is demonstrated how the H-Point Standard Additions Method (HPSAM) using DeltaA as analytical signal (from data at three previously selected wavelengths) is only related with analyte concentration when unknown irrelevant matrix absorbance is present. The method is compared with the most common previously reported methods, such as derivative spectroscopy or the compensation method. The obtained results show that the proposed HPSAM leads to the same found concentration of analyte as the other reported methods, except detection limits and standard deviation for six replicates which are lower, because of the use of absorbance data (instead of first derivative data as usual). In addition, the …

On the numerical solution of axisymmetric domain optimization problems by dual finite element method

1994

Shape optimization of an axisymmetric three-dimensional domain with an elliptic boundary value state problem is solved. Since the cost functional is given in terms of the cogradient of the solution, a dual finite element method based on the minimum of complementary energy principle is used. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

High-resolution microwave spectroscopy on trapped ion clouds

1994

Ion traps are particular usefully devices for precision spectroscopy on ionic ground states in the microwave domain. Although ultimate precision is achieved only with laser-cooled single ions, in many cases the precision obtained using large uncooled clouds of ions is sufficient for many requirements in atomic physics. The stronger signal in this case makes possible experiments on forbidden transitions or on systems with complex spectra and many substates. Recent examples of laser-microwave double resonance spectra on Pb+ and Eu+ are presented along with attempts to laser-cool a large ion cloud in order to reduce uncertainties from the second-order Doppler effect.

Behaviour of the Alloys F17Ti and AISI 304 in an Atmosphere Containing Hydrogen Sulphide at High Temperature

1994

An unambiguous procedure for discovering relaxation influence on M�ssbauer spectra

1994

A mathematical procedure which gives an opportunity to distinguish between relaxation and distribution mechanisms of the Mossbauer line broadening is proposed. It is based on the method of Mossbauer line sharpening developed recently [1] and allows one to answer unambiguously the question whether or not relaxation manifests itself in Mossbauer measurements by examining the wings of the spectrum. The procedure is applied to the spectra of high spin ferric metmyoglobin and (Fe0.65Ni0.35)1−xMnx alloys. Analysis of the metmyoglobin spectra manifests the presence of the relaxation influence in the temperature range 10 K≦T≦100 K. Analysis of the alloy spectra shows that for the temperatures 4 K≦T…

Interferon-alpha 2a increases serum concentration of hyaluronic acid and type III procollagen aminoterminal propeptide in patients with chronic hepat…

1994

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) has become an important drug for the treatment of chronic viral liver diseases. However, the action of IFN-alpha remains unclear. We investigated whether human recombinant IFN-alpha modulates serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) and type III procollagen aminoterminal propeptide (P-III-NP) in 56 patients with chronic hepatitis-B under IFN-alpha therapy. IFN-alpha increased the HA serum level in 44 of 46 patients and, after cessation of treatment, HA serum levels returned to the pretherapy levels. The increase of HA serum level was higher in patients with active cirrhosis (aC) than in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and in patients with se…

Parental relationship and adolescents’ conceptions of their interaction with significant others

1994

Three problems were investigated with a sample of 329 Estonian and 504 Finnish adolescents (aged 14 to 18 years) and their parents. In Estonia, the responses of parents were received from 85% of the families, and in Finland from 55%. The main findings for each problem were as follows: (1) The adolescent’s, especially girl’s, conceptions of the atmosphere of the parent-child interaction and satisfaction with significant others were more strongly related to the adolescent’s perceptions of a harmonious relationship between the parents than to the parent’s satisfaction with the relationship with the spouse. (2) From the point of view of the adolescent’s conception of the atmosphere of the paren…

Interleukin-6 in plasma collected with an indwelling cannula reflects local, not systemic, concentrations.

1994

The Variscan structural and metamorphic evolution of the eastern Southalpine basement

1994

The basement of the Southern Alps (northern Italy) belongs to the southernmost part of the European Variscan mountain belt. In contrast to other areas of the Alps, the post-Variscan metamorphic and tectonic overprint is weak and therefore permits the unravelling of the Variscan tectonometamorphic evolution of this region. Overprinting criteria and the mapping of the penetrative structural elements (S2 and L2) allow three deformational events to be distinguished. Major Variscan deformation (D2) in the Southern Alps commenced in the Carboniferous and lasted until the end of the Late Carboniferous. Tectonic movement during D2 was north-directed and was accompanied and followed by greenschist f…

Purification and characterization of an exopolyphosphatase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1994

An exopolyphosphatase (polyphosphate phosphohydrolase; EC 3.6.1.11) activity that cleaves inorganic polyphosphates to orthophosphate has been purified to apparent homogeneity (> 95% pure) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The exopolyphosphatase is a monomeric protein with a polypeptide molecular mass of 28 kDa. The enzyme, which can be stabilized in the presence of Triton X-100, has a pH optimum of 7.5 and requires, for maximal activity, Co2+ or Mg2+ ions. In the absence of these ions, the exopolyphosphatase binds to polyphosphate but does not degrade it, allowing affinity purification of the enzyme on a polyphosphate-modified zirconia support. o-Vanadate, Cu2+, and Ca2+ are effective inhibito…

ON THE STAR HEIGHT OF RATIONAL LANGUAGES

1994

Two problems concerning the star height of a rational language are investigated: the star height one problem and the relationships between the unambiguity of an expression and its star height. For this purpose we consider the class of factorial, transitive and rational (FTR) languages. From the algebraic point of view a FTR language is the set of factors of a rational submonoid M. Two subclasses of FTR languages are introduced: renewal languages, corresponding to the case of M finitely generated, and unambiguous renewal languages, corresponding to the case of M finitely generated and free. We prove that a FTR language has star height one if and only if it is renewal. This gives a simple de…

Economic Challenges in Higher Education

1994

Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor in the Gastric Wall of an Aged Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

1994

A 34-year-old female orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus) developed renal failure and became uremic. At necropsy, large gastric masses were present around the cardia and in the corpus. Abdominal metastases occurred in the liver, pancreas, and right ovary. Light microscopic examination of the tumor revealed polygonal cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The growth pattern was predominantly solid. Focal areas contained excentric cytoplasmic intermediate filament inclusions, as identified by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Immunohisiochemical procedures demonstrated mainly the vimentin type of intermediate filaments. Except for occasional cytokeratin, other intermediate fil…

Feeding habits of the spotted flounder Citharus linguatula off the eastern coast of Spain

1994

The composition of the diet of Citharus linguatula (L.) off the coast of the Gulf of Valencia, Spain, was determined between October 1989 and October 1990. The percentage of empty stomachs remained constant throughout the year, except for the period August to September, when a maximum was recorded coinciding with the reproductive period. Crustaceans (Mysidacea and Decapoda) and teleosts constituted the main prey. The composition of the prey ingested varied with predator size; small specimens contained a greater number of mysids in their stomachs, while decapods and fishes were more abundant in the stomachs of larger specimens. Diets varied seasonally: mysids were more important during autum…

Solubilization by polysoaps

1994

The aqueous solubilization power of several series of micellar homopolymers and copolymers (''polysoaps'') is investigated. Using five insoluble or poorly water-soluble dyes, comparisons of the capacities are made with respect to the influence of structural variables such as the polymer backbone, the polymer geometry, the comonomer content, and the charge of the hydrophilic group. Some guidelines for polysoap structures suited for efficient solubilization are established. Noteworthy is that the solubilization capacities of the polysoaps are neither linked to the ability to reduce the surface tension of water, nor to the polarity of the solubilization sites deduced from spectroscopic probes.

A new, easy and safe method for the purification of nucleic acids for reliable PCR

1994

Introspection and equilibrium selection in 2 � 2 matrix games

1994

Game theory lacks an explanation of how players' beliefs are formed and why they are in equilibrium. This is the reason why it has failed to make significant advances with the problem of equilibrium selection even for quite siniple games, as 2x2 games with two strict Nash equilibria. Our paper models the introspection process by which the selected equilibrium is achieved in this class of games. Players begin their analysis with imprecise priors, obtained under weak restrictions formulated as Axioms. For a large class of reasoning dynamics we obtain as the solution the risk dominant Nash equilibrium.

Quantitative monoclonal antibody determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer: correlation with the radioligand method.

1994

To assess the possibility of substituting our routine method (dextran-coated charcoal, DCC) of determining estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) for an enzyme immunoassay technique (EIA), we compared the two methods for determination of the two types of receptor in breast cancer specimens. In terms of sample positivity or negativity, the two techniques agreed in 76 of the 82 samples analyzed for ER (92.7%; p0.001), and in 65 out of 75 samples assayed for PR (86.6%; p0.001). Quantitative analysis of the data showed a significant correlation between DCC and EIA for both ER (r = 0.84; p0.0001) and PR (r = 0.77; p0.0001). The results suggest the usefulness of EIA in substituting DCC, al…

Compact dielectric reflective elements I Half-sphere concentrators of radially emitted light

1994

Optical designs of aspheric internally reflective concentrators of divergent light emitted within a spatial angle of 2n sr are proposed and discussed. Four types of solid transparent element are considered: the divergence angle reducer, the small-spot illuminator, the point focuser, and the collimator. The output beam aperture in all cases is comparable with the light-source external dimensions. Expressions describing the profiles of beam-transforming surfaces and results from experiments with model devices are presented.

The affinities of monoclonal antibodies against core antigen of hepatitis B virus

1994

Four monoclonal antibodies generated against the recombinant core antigen of hepatitis B virus are investigated for antigen binding. All exhibit a similar affinity to polystyrene-sorbed antigen but only one of them interacts with native form of HBcAg (an assembled particle) in solution. The presence of 0.1% sodium dodecylsulphate is required for the binding of other three antibodies. The phenomenon can be interpreted as inaccessibility of the corresponding epitopes unless the multimeric antigen structure is disrupted. The core antigen coated on polystyrene is considered as a similar exposed structure.

Elastic and inelastic photon scattering from 12C

1994

Abstract The elastic and inelastic photon scattering from 12 C was investigated in the energy range of the Δ-resonance ( E γ = 200–500 MeV) at a scattering angle of 40°. The experiment was performed with the tagged photon facility at the cw electron accelerator MAMI ( E e − = 855 MeV). By using a large NaI(Tl) detector having an energy resolution of 1.5%, the elastic scattering could be separated from the inelastic process to the first excited state ( E x = 4.44 MeV of 12 C. The differential cross section for the coherent scattering is compared with a simple static ansatz, that uses the known charge form factor, and with a recent Δ-hole calculation.

Abstracts of papers presented at the 7th International Symposium of Scale Insect Studies (ISSIS-VII)

1994

Complex ecological models with simple dynamics: From individuals to populations

1994

The aim of this work is to study complex ecological models exhibiting simple dynamics. We consider large scale systems which can be decomposed into weakly coupled subsystems. Perturbation Theory is used in order to get a reduced set of differential equations governing slow time varying global variables. As examples, we study the influence of the individual behaviour of animals in competition and predator-prey models. The animals are assumed to do many activities all day long such as searching for food of different types. The degree of competition as well as the predation pressure are dependent upon these activities. Preys are more vulnerable when doing some activities during which they are …

Etoposide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and cisplatin regimen in advanced gastric adenocarcinoma: experience with a lower dose schedule

1994

A phase II trial of etoposide (100 mg/m2) on days 4, 5, 6, doxorubicin (Adriamycin, 20 mg/m2) on days 1, 7, and cisplatin (30 mg/m2) on days 2, 8 (EAP) was carried out in order to reduce toxicity associated with a full-dose EAP regimen for advanced and/or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Out of 21 evaluable patients, 2 (10%) had a complete response (CR), 7 (33%) had a partial response (PR), 4 (20%) showed no change and 8 progressed (38%). The mean duration of response (CR+PR) was 8.4+ months. Survival of the whole group was 7.5+ months. Treatment was quite well tolerated by most patients on an outpatient basis. Grade 3 vomiting and leukopenia were seen in 30% and 35% of cases respectively…