Carles Salvador i la reivindicació de l'ús social de la llengua catalana

1994

Carles Salvador described himself as «a politician of language». Already at an early age, he staunchly defended the right to speak Catalan in the Valencian Country at every level, beginning in primary school. Pérez i Moragón situates this posture within the Valencian linguistic panorama in an era characterized by the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, the Second Republic, and the Franco regime.

Tierexperimentelle Langzeitanalyse zur Anwendung resorbierbarer Klammern�hte bei Magenteilresektionen

1994

Im Rahmen eines Tierexperiments wurden resorbierbare Laktomerklammern (Polyester auf Polyglykol/Polylaktatsaurebasis) bzgl. ihrer Sicherheit und Gewebevertraglichkeit bei Magenresektionen untersucht. Bei Hausschweinen erfolgten Magenresektionen nach Billroth I (n = 10) sowie Roux-Y (n = 12) unter Einsatz resorbierbarer Klammern zum partiellen Verschlus des Magens sowie zum Duodenalstumpfverschlus. Die Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 12 Monate. In ihrer Anwendung erwiesen sich die mit resorbierbaren Klammern bestuckten Nahtgerate bzw. die resultierenden linearen Nahtreihen als technisch unproblematisch und sicher. Bei einem von 22 Tieren (4,5%) trat fruh-postoperativ eine Insuffizienz im Bereich…

Geometry and “Metaphysics of Space” in Gauss and Riemann

1994

Gauss’s research on the principles of geometry and the axiom of parallels have been the subject of study for long time (e.g. Stackel 1933) which has shed light once and for all on his role in the early history of non-Euclidean geometry. It is therefore unnecessary to go through it all over again; what is more interesting here is to examine the development of Gauss’s ideas from another standpoint which emerges from the first testimony of his reflections on a subject that mathematicians had examined in vain right from antiquity: i.e. the possibility of proving the proposition that Euclid had taken as an axiom and formulated in the following terms: “That, if a straight line falling on two stra…

FTIR Microscopy with Polarized Radiation for the Analysis of Adsorption Processes in Molecular Sieves

1994

FTIR Microscopy with polarized light was used to study the orientation of different molecules in Silicalite I, SAPO-5 and AlPO 4 -5 molecular sieves during the adsorption process and in their equilibrium positions. While the uptake and the equilibrium positions of p-xylene are essentially not influenced by the the framework charge, large differences between AlPO 4 -5 and SAPO-5 are observed with the strongly basic p-nitroaniline molecule.

Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis and HLA histocompatibility antigens

1994

Genetic typing of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens (HLA-A, -B and -C) was performed in 22 patients with Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) and in a control group of 339 healthy subjects in order to ascertain whether there are any genetic factors that protect against or increase the risk of developing this disease. The frequency of only one HLA-antigen was found to differ significantly in the patients with FHC as compared with the normal subjects: HLA-A2 had a negative association with FHC (9.09% in FHC versus 47.47% in the control group; p<0.01, Fisher's exact test with correction for the number of antigens studied) with an odds ratio of 0.11 (95% confidence limits 0…

Proteins of Muscle and the Cytoskeleton

1994

The contractile elements of striated vertebrate skeletal muscle, the myofibrils, contain thin filaments, which are 6 nm in diameter and consist mainly of actin, and thicker myosin filaments with a diameter of 16 nm (Fig. 10.1). During muscle contraction, the filaments undergo a sliding movement relative to each other (sliding filament mechanism). This is brought about by the reversible formation of bridges between the myosin molecules and the actin filaments, which bind, change their conformation and then dissociate (bridge cycle). The required energy is supplied by the hydrolysis of ATP. The sliding distance (step size) per molecule of ATP hydrolysed is controversial; the most recent measu…

Drops moving in flow with chernical reaction

1994

We propose a free boundary model described by coupled Navier-Stokes and chemical reaction equations with discontinuous coefRcients to simulate the chemical re- ¿ctions in viscous drops moving in a viscous incompressible ûuid. Approximation of the solution by a special ñnite element method (FEM) with a method of mapping is discussed. Several numerical resulùs åre presented.

Conclusioni

1994

Análisis citométrico de parámetros bioquímicos en núcleos de cálulas tumorales : valor pronóstico del contenido en DNA, proteinas totales y antígeno …

1994

Tumores renales del hamster dorado sirio condicionados por N-Etil-N-Nitrosourea (ENU) y dietilestilbestrol (DES) : su histogenie y caracterización bi…

1994

A Compilation of Protocols to Visualize Enzymes Following Electrophoretic Separation

1994

The following tables supply protocols for the electrophoretic separation as well as for the succeeding visualization of enzymes. Separation systems and enzyme visualization procedures are adjusted to each other.

The metabolism and availability of essential fatty acids in animal and human tissues.

1994

Essential fatty acids (EFA), which are not synthesized in animal and human tissues, belong to the n-6 and n-3 families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), derived from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3). Optimal requirements are 3-6% of ingested energy for LA and 0.5-1% for LNA in adults. Requirements in LNA are higher in development. Dietary sources of LA and LNA are principally plants, while arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) is found in products from terrestrian animals, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are found in products from marine animals. EFA are principally present in dietary triacylglycerols, which should be hydrolyze…

Dalla armonizzazione delle legislazioni nazionali alla sostituzione degli organi comunitari agli Stati membri (nota alla sent. Corte giust. 9 agosto …

1994

L'articolo analizza la portata della sentenza della Corte di giustizia che delimitata la portata del potere di sostituzione della Comunità europea.

Creencia, verdad e interpretación en la obra de Donald Davidson

1994

Según Davidson, el escepticismo global es necesariamente falso, el relativismo cultural extremo es incoherente, y las teorías representacionales de la mente son erróneas. Estas tres importantes tesis, y los argumentos en favor de las mismas, se hallan diseminados en diversos escritos suyos. Este artículo presenta una reconstrucción unitaria de la argumentación de Davidson a favor de estas tesis, sacando a la luz las conexiones entre ellas y su lugar en el contexto de la filosofía davidsoniana del lenguaje y de la mente. Argüimos que el mejor modo de concebir las tesis mencionadas es verlas como consecuencias de las investigaciones de Davidson sobre la estructura y las condiciones de posibil…

Untersuchungen zur Konformerenvielfalt von mono- und 2,5-dialkoxysubstituierten Poly(1,4-phenylenethenylen)en

1994

Investigations on the Conformational Variety of Mono- and 2,5-Dialkoxy Substituted Poly(1,4-phenyleneethenylene)s The alkoxy substituted poly(1,4-phenyleneethenylene)s 1 and 2 can principally exist in an enormous variety of conformers (table 1). However, force field calculations (MMX) reveal a far-reaching restriction to a relatively small number of non planar conformers with minimized steric energy. The decisive criterion is due to the interaction between the oxygen atoms and the olefinic hydrogens. An increasing steric hindrance should lead to higher twist angles θ in the main chain and hence to a shorter effective conjugation length. Such an effect could play a minor role between the uns…

The Mainz Pouch II

1994

The Mainz pouch II procedure has proved to be a substantial modification of the classical technique of ureterosigmoidostomy at many institutions. To date we have used this procedure in 72 patients, including 15 children. Detubularization causes a low pressure and eliminates high-pressure contractions. Without the risk of compromising the blood supply the pouch is fixed at the promontory which reduces the risk of ureteral kinking and upper urinary tract dilatation as it is sometimes observed after ureterosigmoidostomy. The technique is not only indicated in cases of failed ureterosigmoidostomy but also for primary urinary diversion. Of the 72 patients operated, all are evaluable with a follo…

Large-Eddy Simulation: A Critical Survey of Models and Applications

1994

Preparative, structural, and electrochemical investigations on peralkylated niobocene dichlorides and difluorides

1994

CP(dagger)2NbCl2 (CP(dagger) = 175-C5Me4Et) (1b) was synthesized from NbCl5 and a slight excess of Cp(dagger)Li and NaBH4. Its electrochemical (2 e-, E1/2 = -1.6 V) and chemical reduction (2 equiv of Na/Hg) was studied showing that peralkylation of the Cp ligand facilitates two-electron reduction compared to less substituted CP2NbHal2 derivatives. The reduced solutions of CP*2NbCl2 (CP* = C5Me5) (1a) and of lb were shown by means of EPR spectroscopy to contain two new paramagnetic species 1A,B for which bent niobocene (A(Nb) = 100 G) and fulvene-like structures (A(Nb) = 55 G) are proposed. The high reduction potential of these species led in their reaction with HPF6 to the first stable difl…

Adrenic acid Δ4 desaturation and fatty acid composition in liver microsomes of spontaneously diabetic Wistar BB rats

1994

We examined the delta 4 (n-6) desaturation and the fatty acid composition of liver microsomes in the insulin-dependent spontaneously diabetic Wistar Bio-Breeding (BB) rat. The desaturation of adrenic acid to n-6 docosapentaenoic acid was decreased in the normo- and hyperglycemic diabetic rats. Insulin treatment with 1.0 IU. 100 g body weight-1 twice a day for 2 days restored the reduced activity during the hypoglycemic period. The pattern of responses was similar to that of linoleic acid delta 6 and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid delta 5 desaturases, with a non-parallel relationship between the desaturation system and the glycemia. The microsomal fatty acid composition of BB rat liver reflecte…

Notas sobre la tutela cautelar en el proceso laboral

1994

El régimen de la tutela cautelar en la antigua Ley de Procedimiento Laboral de 13 de junio de 1980 (último texto anterior a la Ley de Bases de 1989) se agotaba, principal y casi exclusivamente, en una regulación especial del embargo preventivo, contenida en los artículos 65, 66 y 123. Por lo demás, y salvo normas de aplicación muy específica como la de suspensión provisional de procedimientos electorales (art. 117 de la citada LPL de 1980), sólo restaba averiguar lo que podía dar de sí la remisión que hacía la disposición adicional a la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil como normativa supletoria.

On the atmospheric dependence of the split-window equation for land surface temperature

1994

Abstract A split-window equation is derived for land surface temperature, yielding T = T4 + A(T4 − T5) + B(e), where T is the true surface temperature, T4 and T5 are the brightness temperatures measured in AVHRR channels 4 and 5, A is a coefficient related to the atmospheric transmittances in AVHRR channels 4 and 5, being dependent on the atmosphere type and independent on surface emissivity, and B(e) takes into account the emissivity effect, which depends on both the channel surface emissivities (e4 and e5) and the atmosphere type. The atmospheric dependence of split-window coefficients, A and B(e), is discussed by means of satellite measurements simulations and in situ data. It is shown t…

FATTORI PROGNOSTICI DELLA RECIDIVA LOCALE DOPO CHIRURGIA CONSERVATIVA PER CARCINOMA DELLA MAMMELLA. NOSTRA ESPERIENZA

1994

One of the most important problems linked to the conservative surgery of breast cancer consists of local recurrences (LR), even if it has now been proven that the appearance of LR has no influence on overal survival of the patients operated for breast cancer. We have considered 108 patients suffering from breast cancer and treated with quadrantectomy plus axillarydissection. In these patients were found 4 LR (3.7%), that in two cases appeared in the residual mammary gland and in other two cases were found on the skin scar. The mean time of occurrence of the LR was of 43 month (range 18-90 month). The authors have correlated the appearance of LR with some caracteristics of the tumor, as the …

L’organizzazione periferica del CNR

1994

Il saggio ricostruisce la struttura periferica del CNR. articolato in pluralità di centri ed istituti di ricerca.

Boire, manger et faire sa toilette aux âges du Fer

1994

International audience

L'excellence scolaire à la veille de l'école élémentaire : discours et représentations des enseignants

1994

International audience; Ce texte se propose d'analyser la façon dont les enseignants décrivent, expliquent et prédisent la réussite scolaire des enfants dont la famille a constitué une demande de dérogation pour un passage anticipé en cours préparatoire. On observe alors que les enseignants focalisent leur évaluation au-delà des performances disciplinaires proprement dites, sur les qualités personnelles de l'élève. Ainsi, sont mis en avant, d'une part certains facteurs de conformité aux normes scolaires de l'enseignement élémentaire, d'autre part des facteurs relatifs aux aspects sociaux des comportements. Dans le premier cas, on note l'évocation fréquente des capacités intellectuelles de l…

Professor Dr. Dr. Gerhard Thews: A Lifetime’s Dedication to Research on Oxygen Transport to Tissue and Academic Teaching

1994

As President of ISOTT 1992, and on behalf of the ISOTT Executive Committee I wish to dedicate the 20th ISOTT meeting and this volume of Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology arising from it to Professor Gerhard Thews, as a sign of sincere gratitude for his outstanding contributions to the world of science in the area of oxygen transport to tissues. His innovative and productive work over the last 40 years has been documented in more than 200 scientific papers. These publications are distinguished by their ability to present sophisticated ideas in a simple and precise way. As a result, many of Professor Thews’ works are recognized both nationally and internationally as “classics” in …

Monte Carlo simulations of chain dynamics in polymer brushes

1994

The bond-fluctuation model of polymer chains has been used to study layers of end-grafted polymers anchoring at repulsive walls for a broad range of chain length, grafting densities and solvent quality. The dynamics of monomers and associated relaxation times are investigated and interpreted by phenomenological theories and scaling arguments. The case is also considered where a chain is cut off from its anchor point and the chain is subsequently expelled from the brush. Both the velocity with which the chain leaves the brush and the associated conformational changes (chain contraction etc.) are analysed and interpreted in terms of recent theoretical concepts.

Mechanism of the Antiretroviral Effect of dsRNA

1994

The development of AIDS seems to be linked to an impairment of processes which are induced or activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), such as the biosynthesis of interferon (IFN), production of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate (2-5A), ribonuclease L (RNase L) activity and different cell-mediated immune functions. A restriction of available bioactive dsRNA (or of dsRNA-dependent enzymes) may play an important role in the disease progression. The results summarized in this review show that defects in dsRNA-dependent pathways exhibited by AIDS patients can be reversed, at least in part, by exogenously supplied dsRNA.

Quark effects, meson-exchange currents and background in the d(e,e'p)delta reaction

1994

[EN] We have studied in detail the cross section for the d(e, e'p)Delta reaction leading to the emission of a fast nucleon and a Delta at rest, which has been advocated as a tool to investigate quark effects in nuclei. We find that ordinary meson-exchange currents mechanisms dominate the quark-exchange effects in the region of excitation of the Delta and could be competitive at higher energies. Furthermore, at these higher energies, the small cross sections for the quark signal, together with the presence of a background about one order of magnitude bigger than the quark signal, make in any case the extraction of information about quark-exchange currents effects extraordinarily difficult.

EWS/FLI-1 rearrangement in small round cell sarcomas of bone and soft tissue detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplificatio…

1994

Recent cloning of the t(11;22) region has led to the detection of a number of sequences involved in the breakpoints by substituting a sequence which encodes a putative RNA binding domain for that of the DNA binding domain of the human homologue of murine FLI-1. Several tumours display consistent translocation at t(11;22) (q24;q12), a finding that suggests these fusion transcripts could be expressed and detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification. To date, only a small number of Ewing's sarcomas (Es) and peripheral neuroectodermal tumours (pPNET) of bone have been tested with this novel molecular biology approach. In this study, we confirmed the presence of the …

Natural and artificial radioactivity levels in Livingston Island (Antarctic regions).

1994

Radioactive contamination of the sea and land is due, on the one hand, to fallout from atmospheric atomic explosions since 1945, and, on the other, to emissions produced by nuclear and radioactive facilities. Given its geographic position far distant from the aforementioned main sources of radioactive contamination, Antarctica should have the lowest levels that can be measured on the Earth of artificial radionuclides in the various receptor media which are characteristic of the trophic chain. In the case of Antarctica, these are melt-water, sea-water, mosses, algae, and lichens. With the aim of contributing basic information on the radiation levels present in the Antarctic ecosystem, we hav…

L'efficacité de la politique des zones d'éducation prioritaire dans les collèges

1994

This paper compares pupils progress along the first two years of middle schools fréquentation, whether these schools are in an E.P.A. or not, initial predictors of attainment being kept under control. In French and mathematics, pupils appear to have slightly weaker gains in E.P.A. than they should have elsewhere. The gap is greater for at risk pupils. E.P.A. seem to have a positive effect on pupils relation to schooling, but not on other attitudes or competenties regarding schoolwork or socialization. The E.P.A. policy effects do vary according to the schools.

Fractura triplana epifisaria distal de tibia: a propósito de un caso con interposición de periostio

1994

Se presenta un caso de fractura triplana en 2 fragmentos en un paciente varón de 13 años tratado quirúrgicamente, observando la interposición perióstica en el plano axial a nivel del fragmento antero-externo, que impedía la reducción anatómica de la zona epifisaria articular. Se analiza la anatomía quirúrgica de las fracturas triplanas considerando que esta lesión puede ser más frecuente de lo que se ha informado, y sólo valorada en los casos en que se emplee un abordaje antero-externo. The case of a 13-year-old boy with a two-fragment triplane fracture of the distal epiphysis of the tibia is presented. At surgery, an interposition of the periosteum in the axial plane behind the antero-late…

El último manuscrito de Hernando Colón

1994

Pseudoartrosis congénita bilateral de la clavícula: a propósito de un caso familiar

1994

Presentamos una paciente de nueve meses con pseudoartrosis congénita bilateral de ambas clavículas, cuya madre presenta el mismo cuadro. Dicho cuadro es una entidad rara, pobremente documentada en la ortopedia pediátrica. La etiología y patogenia aún permanece oscura. La apariencia clínico-radiológica consiste en la ausencia desde el nacimiento de un defecto de unión a nivel del tercio medio clavicular característico. El diagnóstico diferencial debe hacerse con las fracturas perinatales, pseudoartrosis postraumáticas y disostosis cleido-craneales. The case of a female patient of nine months of are and her mother, 41-year-old showing a Congenital Bilateral Pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle are…

Session 10 Photosynthesis

1994