Clause compromissoire. Référence à un document contenant la clause, Autonomie de la clause compromissoire à l'égard du contrat et du droit applicable…

1992

International audience; (Paris, 26 mars 1991, Rev. arb. 1991. 456, note H. Gaudemet Tallon, Comité populaire de la municipalité d'El Mergos)

Resonance ionization spectroscopy in a buffer gas cell with radioactive decay detection, demonstrated usingTl208

1992

An ultrasensitive laser spectroscopic method has been developed to perform hyperfine spectroscopy of heavy-ion-induced reaction products. It is based on resonance ionization in a buffer gas cell combined with radioactive decay detection. The feasibility has been demonstrated using the \ensuremath{\beta}-active ${\mathrm{isotope}}^{208}$ Tl. A sensitivity of 1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ of the two-step resonance-ionization process via the n=17 Rydberg level has been determined, utilizing a pulsed excimer-dye-laser combination. The previously unknown nuclear magnetic moment \ensuremath{\mu}${(}^{208}$Tl) = 0.292(13)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathi…

Clause de réserve de propriété. Charge de la preuve de l'existence en nature des marchandises revendiquées, Conséquences du défaut d'inventaire

1992

International audience; (Com. 1er oct. 1991, Aubert ès qualité c/ Soc. Félice Tabasso)

Revendication. Article 115 de la loi de 1985, Champ d'application, Crédit-bail, Cause juridique ou titre invoqué, Indifférence

1992

International audience; (Com. 15 oct. 1991, Soinne ès qualité c/ Banque populaire fédérale de développement, Service bail matériel, Com. 15 oct. 1991, Soc. Loca PMI c/ Aubert ès qualité)

Sentence arbitrale. Droit applicable au fond du litige, Arbitre tenu de statuer en droit, Litige réglé « selon les seuls usages du commerce internati…

1992

International audience; (Civ. 22 oct. 1991, Compania Valenciana de Cementos Portland SA, inédit)

Cautionnement. Article 2037, c. civ., Plan de redressement du débiteur principal imposant au créancier une remise de dette et la perte de son privilè…

1992

International audience; (Com. 16 avr. 1991, Venot c/ Banque de Neuflize, Schlumberger et Mallet).

Clause de réserve de propriété. Conditions de la revendication, Marchandises se retrouvant en nature, Présomption conventionnelle d'identité entre ma…

1992

International audience; (Com. 9 janv. 1990, Soc. Pogic et autre c/ Soc. Astral)

Arbitre. Récusation, Causes, Article 341 NCPC, Causes limitatives

1992

International audience; (Civ. 2e, 14 nov. 1990, Bull. civ. II, n° 230, p. 117 ; Rev. arb. 1991. 75, note Jarrosson, Société Graine d'Elite Clause)

Resonant Raman scattering in quantum wells in high magnetic fields: Deformation-potential interaction.

1992

A theoretical study of one-phonon resonant Raman scattering in a quantum well (QW) in high magnetic fields has been performed. The Raman profiles are calculated as a function of magnetic field, quantum-well thickness, and laser frequency. The basic theory is first developed assuming parabolic masses in the plane perpendicular to the growth direction of the QW. Selection rules for deformation-potential-allowed scattering are given and a compact analytical expression for the Raman-scattering efficiency is obtained for infinite barriers. The double-resonance conditions are derived as a function of the magnetic field or well thickness. In a second part of the work, the heavy-hole\char21{}light-…

Electronic structure of tetraphenyldithiapyranylidene : A valence effective Hamiltonian theoretical investigation

1992

We present a theoretical investigation of the electronic structure of tetraphenyldithiapyranylidene (DIPSΦ4) using the nonempirical valence effective Hamiltonian (VEH) method. Molecular geometries are optimized at the semiempirical PM3 level which predicts an alternating nonaromatic structure for the dithiapyranylidene (DIPS) framework. The VEH one‐electron energy level distribution calculated for DIPSΦ4 is presented as a theoretical XPS simulation and is analyzed by comparison to the electronic structure of its molecular components DIPS and benzene. The theoretical VEH spectrum is found to be fully consistent with the experimental solid‐state x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum…

Signorini problem with Coulomb's law of friction. Shape optimization in contact problems

1992

Pressure dependence of the exciton absorption and the electronic subband structure of aGa0.47In0.53As/Al0.48In0.52As multiple-quantum-well system

1992

We have measured the optical absorption of a ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.47}$${\mathrm{In}}_{0.53}$As/${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.48}$${\mathrm{In}}_{0.52}$As multiple quantum well at 10 K for pressures up to 7 GPa. The energies of optical transitions between heavy- and light-hole subbands and electron levels of the wells show a blueshift with pressure similar to the bulk lowest direct band gap. We observe a decrease with pressure of the energy splitting between heavy- and light-hole subbands with the same quantum number n. From the analysis of the absorption line shape, we have obtained the pressure dependences of exciton binding energies, oscillator strengths, and linewidths. These results are interpreted in…

A morphometric comparison of dissimilar early development in sibling species of Platynereis (Annelida, Polychaeta)

1992

Early development of Platynereis massiliensis was studied in serial sections of fixed embryos and in living or fixed embryos whose nuclei had been made visible with a fluorescent label. The unfertilized egg is an ellipsoid with three axes of differing length. The longest axis corresponds to the dorsoventral axis of the developing embryo. Egg volume is ten times that in the sibling species, P. dumerilii, mainly due to increased yolk content. The timing and spatial pattern of cleavage were observed from first cleavage to the 62-cell stage. Volumes of the blastomeres, their nuclei, their yolk-free cytoplasm and their yolk were determined from serial sections up to the 29-cell stage. In the P. …

Procédures collectives et ordre public du sport : la légalité de la rétrogradation sportive d'un club admis au bénéfice du redressement judiciaire

1992

International audience; Note sous Conseil d'Etat. 1) Section, 15 mai 1991, Association des Girondins de Bordeaux. 2) Section, 12 juillet 1991, Association nouvelle des Girondins de Bordeaux

Liquid crystal polymer-based blends: “Universal grade” polymers?

1992

Polymeric materials can be easily processed with different processing operations thanks to suitable rheological properties. Melt flow index, or grade, which is a measure of the fluidity of the polymers, is the most commonly parameter used to characterize the polymers from the point of view of their melt viscosity. Injection molding requires high grade materials, whereas low grade values are best suited for extrusion. Of course, it would be no doubt of interest if single “universal grade” materials could be used for all processing operations. In this paper it is demonstrated that the blends of low grade polymers with small amounts of liquid crystal polymers can be conveniently used for all p…

A Measurement of Sin2-theta-w From the Charge Asymmetry of Hadronic Events At the Z0 Peak

1992

Abstract View references (24)The weak mixing angle has been measured from the charge asymmetry of hadronic events with two different approaches using the DELPHI detector at LEP. Both methods are based on a momentum-weighted charge sum to determine the jet charge in both event hemispheres. In a data sample of 247 300 multihadronic Z0 decays a charge asymmetry of 〈QF〉 - 〈QB〉 = -0.0076±0.0012(stat.)±0.0005(exp. syst.)±0.0014(frag.) and a raw forward-backward asymmetry of Araw FB = -0.0109±0.0020(stat.)±0.0010(exp. syst.)±0.0017(frag.) have been measured. This result corresponds to a value of sinθeff=0.2345±0.0030(exp.)±0.0027(frag.) ,sin2θMS=0.2341±0.0030(exp.)±0. 0027(frag.) and to sin2θW=1-m…

Oxidative halogenation of substituted pyrroles with Cu(II). PartIII. Bromination and chlorination of 2-benzoylpyrrole

1992

The bromination of 2-benzoylpyrrole with copper(II) bromide in the homogeneous and the heterogeneous phase is described, giving 4- and 5-monobromo derivatives whose ratio decreases as the temperature is increased. The same reaction with copper(II) chloride in acetonitrile at 60° produces 5-chloro-2-benzoylpyrrole as the major product. 4,5-Dihalopyrroles in good yields are obtained with an excess of halogenating agent.

Spectral hole burning study of protoporphyrin IX substituted myoglobin.

1992

Protoporphyrin IX substituted myoglobin reveals excellent hole burning properties. We investigated the frequency shift of persistent spectral holes under isotropic pressure conditions in a range from 0 to 2.4 MPa. In this range, the protein behaves like an elastic solid. The shift of the holes under pressure shows a remarkable frequency dependence from which the compressibility of the protein can be determined. The compressibility, in turn, allows for an estimation of the equilibrium volume fluctuations. Within the frame of the model used to interpret the pressure data, it is possible to determine the absorption frequency of the isolated chromophore and the associated solvent shift in the p…

Effects of nicotine receptor agonists on acetylcholine release from the isolated motor nerve, small intestine and trachea of rats and guinea-pigs

1992

The effects of nicotine receptor agonists on the release of [3H]acetylcholine from the phrenic nerve, the small intestine and the trachea were investigated to characterize neuronal nicotine receptors within the peripheral nervous system. Contraction of the indirectly-stimulated hemidiaphragm was recorded to investigate desensitization of the postsynaptic muscular nicotine receptors. Nicotine, cytisine, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium and 2-(4-aminophenyl)-ethyl-trimethyl-ammoniumiodide caused a concentration-dependent (0.1-30 microM) increase in evoked [3H]acetylcholine release from the phrenic nerve, whereby bell-shaped concentration-response curves were obtained. The rank order of decre…

Immunological and biological identification of tumour necrosis-like factor in sponges: Endotoxin that mediates necrosis formation in xenografts

1992

Xenografts of the sponge Geodia cydonium in its closely related species G. rovinjensis resulted in a rapid rejection of the graft within a period of 5 days. We identified an immunoreactive tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-like activity in the xenograft (Mr of 30,000) two days after grafting. In-vivo injection of 5 micrograms human recombinant TNF-alpha induced cytotoxicity in sponge cells in the same pattern and time course as during natural xenograft rejection. Anti-TNF-alpha polyclonals were found to react with xenograft extracts, by Western blot analysis, as from day 2 after grafting. Using ELISA we detected the TNF-like activity from day 2 after grafting with peak levels at days 4 and 5, wh…

Alkyl polychlorobibenzyls and planar aromatic chlorocompounds in pulp mill products, effluents, sludges and exposed biota

1992

Abstract Aromatic chlorocompounds which interfere in GC/MS analysis of dioxins were studied in samples from three different pulp mills and in fish and mussels exposed to pulp mill effluents. The major interfering compounds were chlorinated alkyl bibenzyls (R-PCBBs; R = C5-alkyl; P = 1–4). In pulp mill samples, levels of C5-PCBBs (10–120 ng/l in effluents, 5–33 ng/g in dried sludges) were orders of magnitude higher than the levels of toxic PCDDs and PCDFs. C5-PCBBs bioaccumulated slightly to the recipient fish (0–2 pg/g in fresh muscles) and to incubated mussels (3–26 ng/g in lipid). In mussels, significant levels (19–73 ng/g in lipid) of other than pulp mill originated toxic hepta- and octa…

The effects of parasites on male ornaments and female choice in the lek-breeding black grouse (Tetrao tetrix)

1992

We describe the results of two studies of parasitic infection in the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix). The first deals with our own observations of lekking black grouse in which the parasite levels of two blood parasites, the protozoan Leucocytozoon lovati and microfilaria, probably produced by a nematode worm Splendidofilaria tuvensis, were scored. We also obtained measures of age, survival, number of copulations, body mass and length of the ornamental tail feathers (the lyre) of the lekking males. The second study analysed the data from Lund (1954) which involved eight gut parasites obtained from birds which were killed. In the first study we found higher levels of infection of Leucocytozoon …

Vaginal infection of mice with HSV type 2 variant ER−: A new animal model for human primary genital HSV type 2 infections

1992

Abstract Studying the pathogenesis of vaginal infections in mice with two variants of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) strain ER we observed that both variants ER+ and ER− caused severe vaginitis but only ER+ invaded the CNS leading to lethal neurological disease. In contrast, mice infected with ER− cleared the virus from the vagina and recovered from infection. ER+ and ER− expressed equal levels of thymidine kinase (TK) indicating a TK-independent difference in neurovirulence. Using the non-neurovirulent variant ER−, we were able to investigate humoral immune responses late after infection. Vaginal infection with ER− suppressed serum antibody formation after a secondary systemic HSV-1 i…

Dependency of the in vitro stabilization of differentiated functions in liver parenchymal cells on the type of cell line used for co-culture.

1992

The differentiation status in cultures of primary rat liver parenchymal cells was determined by measuring the activities of various xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Most enzyme activities dropped rather rapidly in monocultures of parenchymal cells. The protein content and the activities of cytosolic epoxide hydrolase, glutathione S-transferase, and alpha-naphthol UDP-glucuronosyl transferase were, however, well stabilized in 7-day-old co-cultures of parenchymal cells with two different lines of rat liver nonparenchymal epithelial cells (NEC1 and NEC2). Phenol sulfotransferase and microsomal epoxide hydrolase activity were reduced in this coculture system after 7 days to about 30 and 20% of …

false

1992

Phosphonomethyl-substituted phenols are readily obtained from o-hydroxymethylated phenols and trialkyl phosphites. The free acids, incorporated into phenol-formaldehyde resins, act as cation exchangers with remarkable selectivity for different metal ions.

Evaluation of the maximum evapotranspiration over the La Mancha region, Spain, using NO A A AVHRR data

1992

Abstract Actual evapotranspiration is an important parameter in crop yield models, soil moisture determination and crop stress detection. As actual evapotranspiration is not routinely available, maximum evapotranspiration (ETJ is normally used in agronomic models to calculate watering needs over irrigated areas. For this reason an empirical method has been developed to obtain ETra from albedo and temperature data suplied by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor on board NOAA satellites. This model has been applied to the La Mancha region, Spain, where barley, vine and maize are the main crops, and ETM was obtained with an acceptable error of ± 1-4 mm of water per day.

Equation of state and transverse expansion effects in heavy ion collisions

1992

The effects of the equation of state on the expansion of hadronic matter and on the dilepton production rates in heavy ion collisions are studied. We have used two widely different descriptions of the hadron phase and considered scenarios with and without phase transition. The hadron phase is treated either as a gas of ideal massless pions or, more realistically, as a gas of different kinds of massive hadrons with finite size.

Persistent unilateral tibialis anterior muscle hypertrophy with complex repetitive discharges and myalgia

1992

Unilateral enlargement of the tibialis anterior muscle associated with complex repetitive discharges occurred over several months in two patients and was preceded by pain and numbness in the lower leg. Neuroradiologic investigations excluded a compressive radiculopathy, but pharmacologic and neurophysiologic studies suggested a neurogenic basis for the muscle hypertrophy. Botulinum toxin A injection into the hypertrophied muscles led to a decreased muscle volume and cessation of muscle pain.

Explicit solutions for second-order operator differential equations with two boundary-value conditions. II

1992

AbstractBoundary-value problems for second-order operator differential equations with two boundary-value conditions are studied for the case where the companion operator is similar to a block-diagonal operator. This case is strictly more general than the one treated in an earlier paper, and it provides explicit closed-form solutions of boundary-value problem in terms of data without increasing the dimension of the problem.

A note on renewal systems

1992

Abstract A renewal system is a symbolic dynamical system generated by free concatenations of a finite set of words. In this paper we prove that, given two systems which are both renewal and Markov systems, it is decidable whether they are topologically conjugate. The proof makes use of the methods and the techniques of formal language theory.

A physical model for interpreting the land surface temperature obtained by remote sensors over incomplete canopies

1992

Abstract At the present moment, land surface temperature cannot be obtained in a routine way from satellite data due, in part, to the nonexistence of a complete theoretical model that permits us to know the physical significance of land surface temperature obtained by remote sensors. In this article a relationship between the effective temperature of the radiative system vegetation-ground and the temperatures of each part of the system (top, sunny and shaded wall of vegetation, and sunny and shaded soil) has been derived. It depends on the proportions of each component observed by the sensor, on the ground and vegetation emissivities, and on the crop structure (mean height, width, and spaci…

Factors influencing the interaction of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein C with the third component of complement.

1992

The factors influencing the interaction of herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein C (gC) with the third component of complement (C3) were investigated in this study. The ability of gC of HSV type 1 (gC-1) to bind to the C3b fragment of C3 was found to be influenced by cell specific processing of gC-1 in a different manner, binding being remarkably enhanced in some cell lines following removal of sialic acid residues. Testing several intertypic recombinants of HSV we found that only strains expressing gC-1 exhibited binding to C3b, even though their genome consisted mainly of HSV-2 sequences in some recombinants. Expression of type-2 glycoproteins gB, gD, gE, gG, gH, and gI did not alter th…

Fatigue fracture plane under Multiaxial Random Loadings - prediction by variance of equivalent stress based on the maximum shear and normal stresses

1992

It is assumed that the plane in which the maximum variance of the equivalent stress appears is critical for a material and the fatigue fracture should be expected in this plane. The equivalent stress is calculated according to the fatigue criterion of maximum shear and normal stresses in the fracture plane. It was demonstrated that for each stationary random stress state there is one or more critical planes where the fatigue fracture plane can be expected. The variance method together with the discussed fatigue criterion give good results for three analysed types of carbon steels under multiaxial cyclic loadings.

The influence of lateral release on patello-femoral joint loading in knee arthroplasty

1992

Eight fresh, cadaveric knees have been fitted with four different total knee cemented prostheses. Loading forces at the bone implant fixation interface of the patella component have been measured in a knee joint testing rig by four miniaturized force transducers, before and after a lateral release of the patellar retinaculum. The lateral release resulted in a significant local force reduction in the lateral and/or proximal quadrant of the patella resection plane depending on the knee flexion angle, quadriceps tensile force direction, and the patellar prosthesis design.

Accumbens-caudate-septal circuit as a system for hippocampal regulation: involvement of a GABAergic neurotransmission.

1992

Hippocampal-based epileptiform activity may reach the basal ganglia via the nucleus accumbens. Previous data suggested that caudate nucleus is able to influence hippocampal epilepsy, probably sending a projection to the septum. In order to test the hypothesis of a retrograde activation of accumbens-caudate pathway in hippocampal regulation, we electrically stimulated both caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens and studied modifications of hippocampal EEG in the feline focal epilepsy model. We also performed bilateral electrolytic lesion of nucleus accumbens and repeated caudate stimulation. Results showed that nucleus accumbens stimulation was ineffective in modifying hippocampal epilepsy; o…

Potential ATPase mimics by polyammonium macrocycles: Criteria for catalytic activity

1992

Abstract A series of polyammonium macrocycles, ranging in size from the 18-membered ring [18]aneN6 to the 36-membered [36]aneN12 were examined as potential ATPase mimics. The rates of hydrolysis of ATP were followed at pH 3.0 and 7.0 using 31P NMR and HPLC techniques. Stability constants as a function of degree of protonation, distribution curves for the ligands as a function of pH, and distribution curves for the mixed species of nucleotides, inorganic phosphate, and macrocycle were also determined. All of the macrocycles catalyzed the hydrolysis of ATP to some extent compared to noncatalyzed hydrolysis. A critical dependence on macrocyclic ring size was observed, with [21]aneN7 being the …