Two memorial congresses in tribute of Omar Prakash, MD, PhD

1994

Both memorial congresses presented the large field of computing and technology in anaesthesia and intensive care. Many of the contributors were personal friends of Omar and the spirit of Dr. Omar Prakash was present during these congresses. Quite certainly, he would have enjoyed both of the two occasions. They proved that the idea Dr. Omar Prakash first sparked in early eighties, of international meetings for scientists to come to meet friends and interchange ideas, is going strong. In fact, people spontaneously reached agreement that this tradition of Memorial congresses should be continued in the future. Whenever such a congress is to be arranged, you will see it being announced in this v…

Mechanism-based predictions of interactions.

1994

Abstract Exposure to more than one toxic compound is common in real life. The resulting toxic effects are often more than the simple sum of the effects of the individual compounds. It is unlikely that it will ever be possible to test all combinations. It is therefore highly desirable to improve or develop means for reasonably approximating predictions of interactions. In order to be valid and extrapolatable, these predictions are most promising if they are mechanism-based. Examples will be given for possibilities of mechanism-based predictions of interactions which exceed trivialities of simple increases by enzyme induction of enzymatic rates of a given biotransformation pathway leading to …

Monolayers of Bolaform Amphiphiles: Influence of Alkyl Chain Length and Counterions

1994

We have prepared self-assembled monolayers of novel cationic bolaform amphiphiles on negatively charged substrates. Most of these amphiphiles form smooth, defect-free monolayers which can be used to reverse the substrate surface charge and thus allow subsequent adsorption of anionic molecules and construction of multilayers. Atomic force microscopy, surface force measurement, and surface plasmon spectroscopy were combined to probe the molecular orientation and ordering, mechanical properties, and surface electrical properties of the monolayers. In addition, the amphiphile aggregation behavior at an air-water interface was studied by surface tension measurement, and lyotropic phase behavior …

Exclusive ϱ0 and φ muoproduction at large Q2

1994

Abstract Exclusive ϱ 0 and φ muoproduction on deuterium, carbon and calcium has been studied in the kinematic range 2 Q 2 2 and 40 Q 2 dependence of the cross sections, the transverse momentum distributions for the vector mesons, the decay angular distributions and, in the case of the ϱ 0 , nuclear effects. The data for 0 production are compatible with a diffractive mechanism. The distinct features of φ production are a smaller cross section and less steep p t 2 distributions than those for the 0 mesons.

Changes induced by pravastatin treatment on hemostatic and fibrinolytic patterns in patients with type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia

1994

Abstract A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of pravastatin versus placebo was carried out for 24 weeks in 20 patients with type IIb primary hyperlipoproteinemia. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, blood glucose, apolipoproteins (apo) A1 and B, and lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) levels were determined. A venous occlusion test was also performed in all patients. Pre- and postvenous occlusion tests were determined: tissue plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA[Ag]), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, factor VII, fibrinogen, plasminogen, and hematocrit. Compared with placebo, pravastatin signi…

Ultrasonographic Measurements of the Achilles Tendon in Elderly Athletes and Sedentary Men

1994

Ultrasonography was performed on the Achilles tendon of the dominant limb of 18 male elderly athletes and 11 sedentary men, aged 70 to 80 years. The tendons were examined with a real-time linear array scanner using a 7.5 MHz transducer. Both longitudinal and transverse images were taken. The mean width of the Achilles tendon was significantly larger in the athletes than in the control subjects. The tendon thickness and cross-sectional area did not differ significantly between the groups, but the figures may indicate a tendency for larger cross-sectional area in the athletes. The results suggest tendon hypertrophy following long-term training.

Effect of poly(I).poly(C12U) (Ampligen) on enteric virus (rotavirus, poliovirus and Coxsackie B3 virus) infections

1994

The effects of poly(1)-poly(C 12 U) (Ampligen) on infections with enteric viruses (rotavirus, poliovirus and Coxsackie B3 virus) were studied in vitro. Ampligen exhibited antiviral activity against rotavirus, especially when treatment was performed prior to inoculation of the virus. It was partially effective against Coxsackie B3 virus, but not against poliovirus. It is suggested that the observed effects may be due to the production of interferon induced by Ampligen

Some Open Problems on Coprime Action and Character Correspondences

1994

Properties of the yeast nuclear histone deacetylase.

1994

A nuclear histone deacetylase from yeast was partially purified and some of its characteristics were studied. Histone deacetylase activity was stimulated in vitro by high-mobility-group nonhistone chromatin proteins 1 and 2 and ubiquitin and inhibited by spermine and spermidine, whereas n-butyrate had no significant inhibitory effect. Like the mammalian enzyme, partially purified histone deacetylase from yeast was strongly inhibited by trichostatin A. However, in crude extract preparations the yeast enzyme was not inhibited and treatment with trichostatin in vivo did not show any effect, either on the histone acetylation level or on cell viability. At low ionic strength, the enzyme can be i…

Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated facilitation of endogenous noradrenaline release from rat isolated trachea.

1994

Overflow of endogenous noradrenaline from rat isolated trachea was evoked by electrical field stimulation (3 Hz, 540 pulses) in the presence of yohimbine, desipramine and tyrosine. Isoprenaline 100 nmol/l increased the evoked overflow of noradrenaline by about 65%. This effect was antagonized by propranolol (100 nmol/l) and the beta 2-selective adrenoceptor antagonist ICI 118,551 (100 nmol/l), but not by the beta 1-selective adrenoceptor antagonist CGP 20712 A (100 nmol/l). The beta 2-selective adrenoceptor agonist formoterol (1-100 nmol/l) also facilitated the evoked overflow of noradrenaline, but maximally by only about 25% at 10 nmol/l, i.e. formoterol behaved as a partial agonist at the…

High-statistics analysis of $$\bar pp \to \pi ^0 \pi ^0 \pi ^0 $$ at restat rest

1994

Antiproton-proton annihilation at rest into 3π0 is analysed based on a data sample of about 500 000 high-quality 3π0 events. In this high-statistics Dalitz plot two structures in the region of π0π0 invariant masses of about 1500 MeV show up, a small band and a blob at higher masses. In a first attempt to describe the data two different models are used to parametrize the dynamical amplitudes leading to the same conclusion: the data require a 0+ + and also a 2+ + resonance in the 1500 MeV region.

Evaluation of the displacement energy of Gd atoms in GdBa2Cu3O7−δ from experimental data

1994

Abstract The processing of experimental data on Gd-containing high-temperature superconductor degradation resulting from thermal neutron irradiation has made it possible to evaluate the ratio of the degradation rates of GdBa2Cu3O7−gd enriched with 155Gd and 157Gd isotopes respectively. The defect production in the compound due to (n, γ) reactions on Gd nuclei and consequent recoil of Gd nuclei emitting γ-quanta was simulated with experimentally determined γ-spectra by a Monte Carlo technique. The displacement probabilities pd(155) and pd(157) for different threshold energies Ed and the threshold energy of Gd atom displacement producing disordered bubbles in GdBa2Cu3O7−δ, E d ∗ ≈ 150 eV , we…

Phase separation of symmetric polymer mixtures in a common good solvent in the semidilute concentration regime

1994

Monte Carlo simulations of lattice models of binary (AB) symmetric polymer mixtures (chain lengthsN A=N B=N) in a common good solvent are carried out and the phase diagrams and critical properties of the unmixing transitions are estimated and interpreted in terms of recent theories. Polymers are modeled by self-avoiding walks of lengthN=16, 32 and 64 on the simple cubic lattice. Data for vacancy concentrations of φV=0.6, 0.8 and 0.85 are analyzed. It is shown that forN=16, φV=0.85 no phase separation occurs, down to the lowest temperature, while forN=32, φV=0.85 still phase separation occurs but no longer is complete. Our results are compatible with a scaling theory based on a “renormalizat…

Vasomotor reactivity in dementia of alzheimer type

1994

The objective of this study was to examine the cerebral blood flow and the vasomotor function of CO2-responsive intracerebral vessels in Alzheimer's disease. Patients met DSM-III-R criteria for dementia of Alzheimer type and had neither symptoms nor signs of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Blood flow velocities in both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were recorded using transcranial Doppler sonography during hypercapnia, normocapnia and hypocapnia. Several psychometric tests were performed. Patients' age, disease duration and severity of dementia did not correlate with vasomotor reactivity. Exploratory analysis revealed that mean flow velocities under hypercapnia correlated with s…

The relevance of recurrent brief depression in primary care. A report from the WHO project on Psychological Problems in General Health Care conducted…

1994

This report from the WHO project on Psychological Problems in General Health Care examines the relevance in primary care of the concept of recurrent brief depression (RBD) proposed by Jules Angst. RBD refers to brief, severe depressive episodes that recur frequently, i.e. nearly once a month over, a 1-year period, according to Angst. Using a structured interview (CIDI), RBD was assessed in patients not meeting the criteria for depressive episodes lasting at least 2 weeks, as defined in the ICD-10 (DE). A substantial proportion of primary care seekers were identified as presenting RBD without other depressive disorders, 3.7% with a formal RBD diagnosis and 2.7% with frequent but not monthly …

Line coupling in Anisotropic Raman Branches

1994

Direct connection between collisional Raman cross sections and state‐to‐state rotational ones permits, within the sudden approximation, to evidence drastic decouplings from isotropic to anisotropic lines. These decouplings are consistent with the results obtained by using the strong collision model. Convenient energy corrections to the sudden approximation are used for N2 to calculate the resulting effects on the isotropic and anisotropic Q‐branch profiles in a large density range (several hundred bars). The comparison of the calculations with experimental coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and stimulated Raman (SRS) spectra of nitrogen exhibits a good agreement. Such effects coul…

Emotional and cognitive adjustment in abused children

1994

Research on the impact of maltreatment on children has increased in the last years, as there is a need to design appropriate treatment strategies. Social, cognitive, and emotional areas may be affected in these children. This research is aimed to study the psychological functioning of child victims, particularly in their emotional and cognitive adjustment. Nineteen children (10.3 years old) with case histories of at least 2 years of physical and emotional parental abuse and a group of 26 nonmaltreated children (9.4 years old) matched in socio-economic characteristics and coming from the same community area were compared in depressive symptomatology and attributional style by using the stand…

Generation and transformation of the [3.3.1]propellane skeleton by thermal rearrangements

1994

Abstract In a sequence of unexpected thermal rearrangements the strained monocyclic alkyne 4 is transformed into the tricyclic system 5 which yields in a flash vacuum pyrolysis again a monocyclic compound 10 .

Eine In-vitro-Untersuchung zweier in der Kieferorthopädie verwendeter Kunststoffe auf Zelltoxizität

1994

Ziel der vorliegenden In-vitro-Untersuchung war eine Uberprufung der in der Kieferorthopadie verwendeten Kunststoffe Orthocryl® (Dentaurum) und Wil-o-dont® (Wilde) auf Zellvertraglichkeit mit Hilfe des vonHeidemann u. Lampert [2] beschriebenen Verfahrens. Die akute lokale unspezifische Zelltoxizitat dieser Materialien und ihrer Einzelkomponenten wurde durch eine qualitative mikroskopische Begutachtung eintretender zytopathologischer Veranderungen in den neben den Prufkorpern kultivierten menschlichen Gingivafibroblasten sowie durch eine semiquantitative Beurteilung der Grose der um die getesteten Materialien entstandenen Hemmzonen des Zellwachstums evaluiert. Wahrend Orthocryl® und seine ge…

Breeding suppression in the bank vole as antipredatory adaptation in a predictable environment

1994

In northern Fennoscandia, microtine rodent populations fluctuate cyclically. The environment of an individual vole can be considered to be predictable when the risks of predation and intra- and interspecific competition change with the cycle, such that both are high during the population highs of voles. The risk of predation is also high during the vole crash. After the crash, the vole population is characterized by low intra- and interspecific competition and low predation pressure. The main predators affecting voles during the crash are the small mustelids, least weasel and stoat. The density of these specialist predators declines drastically during the winter after the vole crash. We stu…

Synthesis of sialyl-Tn antigen. Regioselective sialylation of a galactosamine threonine conjugate unblocked in the carbohydrate portion

1994

Abstract Regioselective and stereocontrolled formation of the sialyl-Tn antigen conjugate 6 was achieved by reacting the NeuNAc-2-xanthate 2 with the GalNAc threonine acceptor 5 bearing three hydroxy groups. Complete deprotection afforded the sialyl-Tn antigen structure 11 .

Application of X-ray microanalysis to study of the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro

1994

A semi-quantitative procedure is described, which allows the evaluation of expression levels of endothelial adhesion molecules on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) using energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). As a model two adhesion molecules, E-selection (CD62E; ELAM-1/endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CD54), were localized by the use of the silver-enhancement colloidal gold method after stimulation of HUVEC with endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumour necrosis factor (TNF) or a phorbol ester (PMA). The analysis was performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV wit…

Interleukins

1994

With interleukins (IL), a new class of potential drugs has been introduced into clinical research. These signal peptides are involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathophysiological processes. IL-1, -2, -3, -4, -6 and -11 have been tested in clinical trials. The growth promoting, growth inhibiting or immunomodulatory activities of interleukins represent the theoretical basis for large scale clinical testing, predominantly in malignant disease. Dose-dependent effects on numbers of peripheral blood cells and recovery from bone marrow failure have been demonstrated for IL-1, -3, -6 and -11. Phase III trials are in progress to determine their value for clinical practice. However,…

Reflection equations and q-Minkowski space algebras

1994

We express the defining relations of the $q$-deformed Minkowski space algebra as well as that of the corresponding derivatives and differentials in the form of reflection equations. This formulation encompasses the covariance properties with respect the quantum Lorentz group action in a straightforward way.

Partial-wave analysis of ππη in $$\bar pp$$ annihilation at restannihilation at rest

1994

A new isovector scalar πη resonance with a mass of 1450 MeV is observed in a high-statistics study of\(\bar pp\) annihilation at rest into π0π0η.

Recurrent brief depression in general practice. Clinical features, comorbidity with other disorders, and need for treatment.

1994

This study tested the clinical validity of the new diagnostic entity "recurrent brief depression" (RBD) in 300 general practice patients who participated in the WHO study on "Psychological Problems in Primary Care." Patients with current RBD reported of episodes major depression more often than did a comparison group of nondepressed general practice patients: however, the majority of RBD patients had not received a diagnostic of any well-established affective disorder during the last 12 months. RBD patients (without MDE) did not suffer more frequently from dysthymia, from nonaffective psychiatric disorders, or from somatic disorders. However, RBD was associated with a higher percentage of p…

Evolution of the electron distribution function in intense laser-plasma interactions

1994

We report a numerical investigation of the time evolution of the electron distribution function (EDF) in a laser-embedded, fully ionized plasma. A distinctive feature of the calculations is removal of the frequently adopted assumption of small anisotropy of the EDF in velocity space. This requires solving a two-dimensional partial differential equation for the EDF. Within the adopted range of parameters, the EDF undergoes significant changes. An initially isotropic EDF transforms rapidly into an anisotropic one characterized by a longitudinal velocity scale larger than the perpendicular one. This longitudinal stretching persists for several cycles of the radiation field, implying the establ…

The yellow toxins produced by Cercospora Beticola. Part VIII : Chemical equilibrium between beticolins ; structures of minor compounds : beticolin 6 …

1994

Abstract a general chemical transformation of the “linear” beticolin skeleton (beticolin 2 and 4) into a “bent” beticolin skeleton (cebetin A and beticolin 3 respectively) is described. Beticolins 6 and 8, minor components of mycelial extract are also characterized as minor compounds resulting from these transformations.

Transcranial Doppler sonography in dementia of Alzheimer type.

1994

The intention of this study was to examine the relation of clinical variables and cognitive dysfunction to cerebrovascular blood flow in a sample of patients with Alzheimer''s disease without any sign or symptom of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. The patients met DSM-III-R criteria for dementia of Alzheimer type. Blood flow velocities in the anterior, middle (MCA) and posterior cerebral arteries were recorded using transcranial Doppler sonography. Several psychometric tests including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were performed. The patients’ age correlated significantly with the systolic flow velocity in the left MCA (r = –0.57) explaining 24% of the total variance; t…

On the representation theory of quantum Heisenberg group and algebra

1994

We show that the quantum Heisenberg groupH q (1) and its *-Hopf algebra structure can be obtained by means of contraction from quantumSU q (2) group. Its dual Hopf algebra is the quantum Heisenberg algebraU q (h(1)). We derive left and right regular representations forU q (h(1)) as acting on its dualH q (1). Imposing conditions on the right representation, the left representation is reduced to an irreducible holomorphic representation with an associated quantum coherent state. Realized in the Bargmann-Hilbert space of analytic functions the unitarity of regular representation is also shown. By duality, left and right regular representations for quantum Heisenberg group with the quantum Heis…

Synthesis of glycopeptides and neoglycoproteins containing the fucosylated linkage region of N-glycoproteins.

1994

Abstract N-Glycoproteins fucosylated in the core region occur in tumor membranes and virus envelopes. Partial structures of such N-glycoproteins containing fucosylated chitobiosyl asparagine conjugates were synthesized using the allyloxycarbonyl (Aloc) and the tert-butyl ester protecting groups in the peptide portion. As the α-fucosidic bond of the conjugates revealed to be very sensitive to acids when carrying ether-type protecting groups, a method for exchanging the protecting groups of the fucose portion of saccharides was developed. Conjugates containing O-acetyl protected fucose proved to be stable against acids used in glycopeptide syntheses. These methods were applied in the synthesi…

Hidden and open $$\bar ss$$ production in $$\bar pp$$ annihilation at restannihilation at rest

1994

New branching ratios for\(\bar pp\) annihilation at rest into final states with a\(K\bar K\) pair or φ-meson are being measured with the Crystal Barrel detector at LEAR. The yield of φγ, relative to ωγ, appears to violate the OZI rule as strongly as φπ relative to ωπ.

Differential localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and NADPH-diaphorase activity in the cat spinal cord.

1994

The distributions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity (NOS-IR) and NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity were compared in the cat spinal cord. NOS-IR in neurons around the central canal, in superficial laminae (I and II) of the dorsal horn, in the dorsal commissure, and in fibers in the superficial dorsal horn was observed at all levels of the spinal cord. In these regions, NOS-IR paralleled NADPH-d activity. The sympathetic autonomic nucleus in the rostral lumbar and thoracic segments exhibited prominent NOS-IR and NADPH-d activity, whereas the parasympathetic nucleus in the sacral segments did not exhibit NOS-IR or NADPH-d activity. Within the region of the sympathetic autono…

Image Analysis of Proliferating Cells in Tumors of the Human Nervous System

1994

Obtaining growth fractions from immunohistological preparations by the commonly used cell count calculation method is time consuming. For the first time, we investigated and compared the detection of proliferating cells in immunohistologically labeled tissue from tumors of the nervous system using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 by a new computerized image analysis system and by cell count calculation. The two methods showed a high correlation (correlation index, 0.98) in 37 gliomas (2 pilocytic astrocytomas, 10 Grade II astrocytomas, 5 Grade III astrocytomas, 20 Grade IV astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme) and a heterogenous group of 10 additional tumors of the nervous system, includin…

Metallization of the Na 14 Cl 13 Cluster

1994

The structure and energetics of multiple-excess-electron alkali halide clusters Na14Cl14-n, (1 ≤ n ≤ 6) is studied by ab initio calculations using norm-conserving pseudopotentials and local-spin-density-functional theory. Analysis of various electronic properties (Kohn-Sham one-electron eigenvalue spectra, ionization potentials, participation ratios of Kohn-Sham orbitals), as well as multiple F-center formation energies, suggests that these clusters can be characterized as Nan(NaCl)14-n having a "phase-separated" metallic part NaI. The Na14Cl9 (or Na14Cl9+) cluster exhibits a face (surface) segregated metallic Na5 (Na5+) overlayer, the stability of which is demonstrated by a molecular-dynam…

Change the contect and enhance the understanding. Memory in everyday life. Graham M. Davies and Robert H. Logie (Eds). North Holland, Amsterdam, 1993…

1994