0000000000011733

AUTHOR

Achim Heintz

Lernkurve bei retroperitoneoskopischer Adrenalektomie

Von 4/1994 bis 3/1998 wurden 63 retroperitoneoskopische Adrenalektomien durchgefuhrt. 58 von 63 Operationen konnten erfolgreich retroperitoneo-skopisch beendet werden. Anfanglich waren die Operationszeiten auf der rechten Seite deutlich langer als linksseitig [180 (95–330) versus 140 (75–290) Minuten], nach einer Lernkurve von 30 Operationen waren die Zeiten vergleichbar [125 (70–185) versus 110 (45–240) Minuten].

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Die laparoskopische Cholecystektomie beim Hochrisikopatienten

Den Vorteilen der laparoskopischen Cholecystektomie steht eine erhohte Gefahrdung kardiopulmonal vorgeschadigter Patienten durch die hamodynamischen und respiratorischen Auswirkungen des Pneumoperitoneums gegenuber. In der Zeit von Juni 1990 bis Dezember 1995 wurden 19 Hochrisikopatienten (ASA IV) und 465 Patienten mit minderem Operationsrisiko (ASA I–III) laparoskopisch cholecystektomiert. Bei insgesamt 5 % (n = 24) an intraoperativen, kardiopulmonalen Komplikationen traten diese bei den Hochrisikopatienten mit 15,8 % (n = 3) vs. 4,5 % (n = 21) haufiger (p = 0,027) auf. Allgemeine, postoperative Komplikationen sahen wir bei 2,9 % (n = 14) aller Falle, wobei ebenfalls die Patienten der Grup…

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Indikationen zur konventionellen Adrenalektomie

INTRODUCTION: Conventional adrenalectomy still plays an important role, even in the era of minimally invasive endocrine surgery. It was the aim of our study to analyse the indications for conventional adrenalectomy in our own patients since the introduction of the minimally invasive technique in the year 1994 - laparoscopically and retroperitoneoscopically. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1994 and September 2006, a total of 412 adrenalectomies were performed in 380 patients. Out of these, 106 operations (25.7 %) were carried out conventionally in 98 patients, and 306 operations (74.3 %) endoscopically in 282 patients. RESULTS: Indications for conventional adrenalectomy were - as compa…

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Die Entwicklung von evidence-basierten Leitlinien am Beispiel des Rektumkarzinoms

Die aufgrund eines Konsensus der von den beteiligten Experten entwickelten Leitlinien der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie wurden mit den Evidence-based Leitlinien zum kolorektalen Karzinom von Schottland verglichen. Dabei zeigte sich eine weitgehende Ubereinstimmung der Inhalte. Die Inhalte der EBM-Leitlinien beruhten meist auf Expertenmeinungen und nur wenige Empfehlungen sind durch randomisierte Studien begrundet. Bei unterschiedlicher Methodik zur Entwicklung von Leitlinien gleichen sich die Ergebnisse. Die Erstellung von Leitlinien mus mit vertretbarem Aufwand erfolgen, damit das Ziel — die Verbesserung der Behandlungsqualitat nicht verloren geht.

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Tumor-, patienten- und operateurbezogene Einflussfaktoren der Identifikation und Schonung autonomer Beckennerven bei TME

Nachdem die onkologischen Ergebnisse durch Einfuhrung der Totalen Mesorektum Exzision (TME) zur Behandlung des Rektumkarzinoms verbessert wurden, war es Ziel einer prospektiven Untersuchung zu klaren wie haufig die Darstellung und Schonung autonomer Beckennerven moglich ist und ob ein Zusammenhang zu postoperativ auftretenden Blasenentleerungsstorungen besteht.

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Technique and results of the retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy via a lumbar approach

Introduction: Since 1992, endoscopic techniques have been used increasingly in adrenal-gland surgery. In the present paper, the technique of the retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy via a lumbar approach is described. Methods: The patient is placed in a lateral decubitus position. In the first step, a dilatation trocar is introduced in the retroperitoneal space to create an artificial cavity. The dilatation trocar is replaced by a blocking trocar to close off the operating field. After insufflation of CO2, two additional trocars are introduced in the area of the conventional flank incision. Adrenalectomy is performed via these ports. Once the adrenal gland is completely mobilized, it is inser…

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Cryotherapy for liver metastases

Cryotherapy is undergoing a renaissance in the treatment of nonresectable liver tumors. In a prospective case control study we assessed the morbidity, mortality, and efficacy of hepatic cryotherapy for liver metastases. Between January 1996 and September 1999 a total of 54 cryosurgical procedures were performed on 49 patients (median age 66 years, 21 women) with liver metastases. Patient, tumor, and operative details were recorded prospectively. Liver metastases originated from colorectal cancer (n=37), gastric cancer (n=3), renal cell carcinoma (n=2), and other primaries (n=7). Median follow-up was 13 months (1-32). The median number of liver metastases was 3 (range 1-10) with a median dia…

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Clinical results of transanal endoscopic microsurgery

Using the "transanal endoscopic microsurgery" technique, 140 patients were treated at the Department of Surgery in Cologne and Mainz. Of the patients with adenomas, 68.2% had typical symptoms preoperatively. The postoperative hospital attendance was 8.7 days, with an average resection size of 14.4 cm2. The postoperative complication rate was 5%, and there were no deaths related to the technique. In a prospective controlled trial, 2.2% of the patients with adenomas treated endoscopically in Mainz showed recidivation, requiring reoperation. The follow-up rate was 100%. In 30 cases, microscopic examination revealed carcinoma. Radical reoperation in 8 pT1 tumours showed neither remaining tumour…

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Die endosonographie zur pr�operativen stadienbeurteilung gastrointestinaler tumoren

29 Patienten mit Osophagus- und Magentumoren Bowie 109 Patienten mit einem Rektumkarzinom wurden praoperativ endosonographisch untersucht. Das praoperativ endosonographisch bestimmte Tumorstadium wurde mit der postoperativen Histologie verglichen. Endosonographisch konnte gemittelt in 88% aller Falle die Infiltrationstiefe der Tumoren korrekt angegeben werden. Bezuglich der Lymphknotenmetastasierung wurde bei Magen- und Osophaguskarzinomen das Tumorstadium in 84% der Falle richtig erkannt. Beim Rektumkarzinom konnten Lymphknotenmetastasen endosonographisch nur selten nachgewiesen werden. Die hohe Treffsicherheit der Endosonographie bezuglich regionarer Lymphknotenmetastasen beim Osophaguska…

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Die transanale endoskopische mikrochirurgische Behandlung von „low risk“ und „high risk“ Karzinomen der Rektumschleimhaut

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery was performed in 78 patients with rectal carcinoma. Complications were observed in two patients (2.5%), no patient died after local excision. In case of local excised “low risk” T1-carcinoma and tumor free margins no recurrences were observed.

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Laparoscopic gastric banding as a universal method for the treatment of patients with morbid obesity.

Introduction: This study analyzed the influence of potentially negative predictors such as sweet-eating behavior, super-obesity, social and psychological status, family and education situation, intake of sedative drugs, and the distance between hospital and home on the outcome of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB). Methods: 77 women and 29 men with mean age 40.6 years (28-47) underwent LAGB. Preoperative mean body weight was 146 kg (99-179), and mean BMI was 48.1 kg/m 2 (36.4-73.5). The influence of the above-mentioned potentially negative predictors on weight loss was the primary end point. Results: Mean follow-up was 44.6 ′ 19.7 months. Follow-up was possible in all but 6 pati…

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Transanale endoskopische Operationen bei benignen Rektumpolypen

In einer retrospektiven Untersuchung wurden die Behandlungsergebnisse der transanalen endoskopischen Operationstechnik bei benignen Rektumpolypen analysiert. Im Zeitraum Januar 1986 bis Dezember 1995 wurden an der Klinik fur Allgemein- und Abdominalchirurgie der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz 238 Patienten (115 Manner und 123 Frauen) mit benignen Rektumpolypen transanal endoskopisch operiert (Durchschnittsalter 64 Jahre ±11,5 Jahre). Die durchschnittliche Operationsdauer betrug im Mittel 93,5 min (±54,9 min), die Grose der exzidierten Polypen war 4,2 cm (±2 cm). Die Komplikationsrate lag bei 3%, die Klinikletalitat bei 1,2% Bei einer durchschnittlichen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 56 Mona…

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Major urinary dysfunction after mesorectal excision for rectal carcinoma

Abstract Background Urinary dysfunction may occur after mesorectal excision and pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP) in patients with rectal carcinoma. The aim of this prospective study was to identify factors predictive of long-term urinary catheterization. Methods Two hundred and ten patients without significant urological problems underwent resection of rectal cancer with mesorectal excision. The number of patients with complete, partial or no identification of the nerves was documented and correlated with possible predictive factors for postoperative major urinary dysfunction. Results Eight patients (3·8 per cent) required long-term urinary catheterization: two after complete PANP…

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Laparoskopische Therapie von Leber-, Milzund Mesenterialzysten

Five women and one man (average age 62.5 [20-64] years) with symptomatic intraabdominal cysts at different sites (liver: n = 3; spleen: n = 2; mesentery: n = 1) had them removed by laparoscopic surgery. Broad fenestration was performed with the hepatic and splenic cysts, while the mesenteric cyst was enucleated from the mesentery. There were no intra- or postoperative complications. Median duration of operation was 60 (45-125) min, postoperative hospital stay was 5 (3-6) days. After a median follow-up period of 8 (1-12) months a 3 cm residual cyst was found in the patient with the splenic cyst, but all patients were free of symptoms. -Laparoscopic surgery is a low-stress alternative to conv…

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Laparoscopic Anterior Semifundoplication in Patients with Intrathoracic Stomach

The laparoscopic management of the intrathoracic stomach is still controversial. Laparoscopic semifundoplication in gastroesophageal reflux disease results in effective long-term reflux control and is, as compared with 360° Nissen fundoplication, associated with less frequent side effects such as dysphagia and gas bloat syndrome. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic anterior semifundoplication in patients with intrathoracic stomach. Enrolled in this study are 19 patients (67.1 years of age; range, 37.5–83.7 years) with intrathoracic stomach undergoing laparoscopic anterior semifundoplication and a minimal follow up of 5 months postoperatively. The study covers t…

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Die anteriore Semifundoplicatio — Die Alternative zur Fundoplicatio

Bei der Behandlung der gastroosophagealen Refluxkrankheit (GERD) ist die Semifundoplicatio nach randomisierten Studien mit einer geringeren Dysphagierate im Vergleich zur Fundoplicatio bei vergleichbarer Refluxkontrolle verbunden. Ziel der Studie war es, an einem groseren Krankengut den Einfluss der anterioren Semifundoplicatio bei GERD unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des Langzeitverlaufes aufzuzeigen und damit den Stellenwert als Alternative zur Fundoplicatio nach Nissen zu ermitteln.

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Laparoskopischer Zugangsweg bei der Adrenalektomie beim Phäochromozytom

Retrospektive Analyse der operativen Therapie bei klinischem Verdacht auf ein Phaochromozytom.

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The Link Between Local Recurrence and Distant Metastases in Patients With Rectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM The relationships between local recurrence (LR), the development of distant metastases (DM) and prognosis in patients with rectal cancer remain unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 606 patients who underwent curative resection, the role of LR was assessed retrospectively by time-dependent multivariate Cox models with inverse probability of treatment weighting taking into account competing risks. RESULTS Patients with LR had more DM than patients without LR (49/79, 62% vs. 86/524, 16.4%; p<0.001); 37% of LR-associated DM developed before or at LR, 63% after diagnosis of LR. Fifty-five percent of patients without DM at diagnosis of LR later developed DM. In these patients, the inci…

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Darstellung autonomer Beckennerven bei partieller und totaler Mesorektumexzision

Untersucht werden sollte, wie haufig die autonomen Beckennerven bei totaler Mesorektumexzision (TME) wegen Rektumkarzinom dargestellt und geschont werden konnen und ob ein Zusammenhang mit der postoperativen neurogenen Blasenentleerungsstorung besteht. Zwischen 3/1997 und 2/2003 wurden 229 Patienten bei Adenokarzinom des Rektums operiert. Der Sphinkter wurde bei 178 (78%) der Patienten erhalten. Bei 101 (48%) Erkrankten war der Tumor wandbegrenzt. Fur alle Patienten wurde intraoperativ die Darstellung der Nerven im Verlauf (Plexus hypogastricus superior bis zu den neurovascularen Bundeln) dokumentiert. In multivariater Analyse wurde auf Faktoren mit unabhangigem Einfluss auf Schonung und Da…

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Ergebnisse der endoskopischen, retroperitonealen Adrenalektomie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des intraoperativen Verlaufs

Bei 20 Patienten wurden retrospektiv die Auswirkungen eines Pneumoretroperitoneums auf die intraoperative Ventilation und Hamodynamik wahrend endoskopischer, retroperitonealer Adrenalektomie uberpruft. Intraoperativ war ein Anstieg des systolischen Blutdrucks feststellbar [Median 180 mmHg (130–200)]. Hinsichtlich der Ventilation muste das Atemminutenvolumen (AMV) intraoperativ im Median um 4,25 l (0,4–13) erhoht werden, um den als Folge der Anlage des Pneumoretroperitoneums ansteigenden arteriellen Kohlendioxid-Partialdruck zu senken. Die Anlage des Pneumoretroperitoneums fuhrte zu keiner wesentlichen Komplikation, so das uns die endoskopische, retroperitoneale Adrenalektomie auch bei Risik…

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Transanal endoscopic microsurgical excision of pT2 rectal cancer: results and possible indications.

In previous studies, local excision was predominantly established for "low-risk" pT1 rectal cancer. The results obtained with T2 tumors are unclear; recurrence rates of 0 to 67 percent were reported. This study was designed to determine the value of local excision for T2 rectal carcinomas, prognostic factors, and the need for reoperation.After local excision of 649 patients with rectal tumors, pT2 carcinoma was found in 44 patients. In general, immediate reoperation was recommended; however, 24 patients declined further surgery or were not reoperated because of comorbidities. The results were analyzed separately for local R0 resection of low-risk carcinomas and for prognostically unfavorabl…

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Beeinflußt der Chirurg das Lokalrezidivrisiko beim Rektumkarzinom?

Die Prognose des Rektumkarzinoms wird unter anderem vom Auftreten eines Lokalrezidivs bestimmt. Allgemein bekannt ist der Einflus des UICC-Stadium, der Tumorgrose, des Lymphknotenstatus zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose, und der Tumorlokalisation auf das Lokalrezidivrisiko. In jungster Zeit wird zunehmend der Einflus des Operateurs als selbstandiger prognostischer Faktor diskutiert [4, 5].

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Das prim�re mediastinale Seminom

Die seltenen primaren extragonadalen Seminome sind mit in die Differentialdiagnose des unklaren Mediastinaltumors einzubeziehen. Die Symptomatik ist uncharakteristisch, die Diagnose wird in den meisten Fallen durch eine Thoracotomie bzw. Sternotomie gestellt. Therapeutisch steht das chirurgische Vorgehen mit kurativer Zielsetzung oder palliativer Tumorverkleinerung im Vordergrund. Bei makroskopisch vollstandig entferntem Tumor ist die Nachbestrahlung des Mediastinums zu diskutieren, bei metastasierendem Tumor sollte postoperativ eine Chemotherapie mit Cisplatin enthaltenden Kombinationen durchgefuhrt werden.

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Die endoskopische, extraperitoneale Adrenalektomie — Eine Erweiterung der Zugangswege zur Nebenniere

Als Alternative zur konventionellen transperitonealen Adrenalektomie fuhrten Gagner und Mitarbeiter 1992 [1] erstmalig bei zwei Patienten eine transperitoneale, laparoskopische Adrenalektomie durch. In der Folgezeit konnte sich diese Technik jedoch nicht entscheidend durchsetzen, da mit den konventionellen extraperitonealen Zugangen technisch einfachere und vermutlich ebenso schonende Verfahren zur Verfugung stehen. In der Absicht, das Operationstrauma weiter zu reduzieren, lag es daher im nachsten Schritt nahe, die Nebenniere endoskopisch von einem extraperitonealen Zugang aus zu entfernen. Im Folgenden sollen die von uns entwickelte Technik und die Ergebnisse dargestellt werden [2].

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Intraoperative identification and neurophysiologic parameters to verify pelvic autonomic nerve function during total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.

Abstract Background Preservation of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves is required to avoid urogenital function disturbances after total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal carcinoma. This study sought to determine whether intraoperative stimulation of parasympathetic nerves with monitoring of bladder contraction is useful in meeting this demand. Study design In a prospective pilot study, 17 patients, 11 men and 6 women, underwent TME with pelvic autonomic nerve preservation performed by an experienced surgeon. The parasympathetic nerves were stimulated by an electrostimulation device (Screener 3625, Medronic), and the resulting bladder contraction was measured manometrically in all pa…

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Technique of transanal endoscopic microsurgery.

Sessile adenomas are predominantly localized in the rectum and lower sigma. Surgical removal is indicated but often implies an invasive surgical procedure. Using conventional transanal surgical techniques, only the lower rectum can be reached and there are high rates of recurrence. The new technique combines an endoscopic view of the rectum under gas insufflation via a stereoscopic telescope with conventional surgical preparation and suturing. Adenomas can be excised using the mucosectomy technique or full-thickness-excision, whereas carcinomas should be excised using full-thickness excision with a sufficient border of healthy mucosa. In carcinomas of the sacral cavity, we remove the retror…

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Follow-up after transanal endoscopic microsurgery or transanal excision of large benign rectal polyps

Methods: Between January 1986 and December 1995, 238 patients with benign rectal polyps under-went either transanal endoscopic microsurgery (n = 226) or transanal excision (n = 12) at the Clinic of General and Abdominal Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz. Results: Mean polyp size was 4.2 cm; 89.1% of polyps measured more than 2 cm in diameter. In 89.1% of cases, histological analysis revealed polyps containing tubulovillous or villous adenomas. Synchronous colonic polyps were detected in 12.5% of patients. Follow-up data are available on 222 patients (94%). At follow-up examination, 169 of the 193 surviving patients (87.6%) were recurrence free. Seven of 193 patients (3.6%) had d…

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Endoluminal sonography in follow-up of rectal carcinoma.

Fourteen patients who had undergone local excision, anterior resection or low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma were examined by endoscopic ultrasonography. In two of three cases of local recurrent carcinomas, endoscopic sonography was superior to computed tomography in determining the depth of tumor infiltration. There were difficulties in differentiating scar tissue from local tumor formation when the mucosa appeared normal upon endoscopic examination. Only repeated follow-up examinations starting in the postoperative period, will allow a differentiation between scar tissue and local tumor recurrence.

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Die endoskopische retroperitoneale Adrenalektomie

Aim of study To determine prospectively in consecutive patients the value of endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy. Patients and methods Between March 1994 and March 1995, endoscopic adrenalectomy via a retroperitoneal approach was performed in eleven patients (three men, eight women; median age 61 [48-73] years), unilateral in nine, bilateral in two. The procedure was indicated if the adrenal tumour was thought to be benign and no larger than 5 cm in diameter (two adrenal and two central Cushing's syndromes; three incidentally detected adrenal adenomas, two phaeochromocytomas, two Conn adenomas). Results Twelve of the 13 procedures were successfully performed. In one case the primary in…

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Endoluminal ultrasonic examination of sessile polyps and early carcinomas of the rectum

The results of conventional endosonographic techniques in the assessment of early carcinomas and sessile polyps of the rectum have been unsatisfactory. We therefore developed a new technique in which the rectal cavity is filled directly with water. Using this technique, the anatomy of small rectal tumors is preserved and the layers of the rectal wall are easier to differentiate, especially with a 10-MHz scanner. The clinical results in 66 patients demonstrate that this new technique is very accurate in the preoperative staging of adenomas and T1-carcinomas of the rectum.

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The influence of histopathologic criteria on the long-term prognosis of locally excised pT1 rectal carcinomas: results of local excision (transanal endoscopic microsurgery) and immediate reoperation.

Local excision of early rectal cancer is a controversial issue, which is in part because of differences in the evaluation of histopathologic criteria. This prospective study was designed to determine prognostic factors for recurrences and the need for reoperation.In 105 of 118 patients with pT1 carcinomas and local excision, results of recurrence rates and ten-year cancer-free survival were studied separately according to different histologic criteria (R0, R1, Rx, Ror = 1 mm, high-/low-risk situation), tumor localization (anterior, posterior, lateral wall and third of rectum), size, and degree of resection (full-thickness/partial wall). Patients were grouped into local excision (n = 89) and…

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Long-Term Results of Endoscopic Adrenalectomy for Conn's Syndrome

The long-term effect of adrenalectomy on aldosterone-producing adenomas of the adrenal gland is controversially discussed. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term course, with special consideration of factors of persisting hypertension after endoscopic adrenalectomy, for Conn's syndrome. Between February 1994 and March 2004, 40 patients with Conn's syndrome underwent endoscopic adrenalectomy. Data were recorded prospectively. Adrenalectomy was carried out unilaterally in all patients. Twenty-three patients (57.5%) were women; the median age was 51.7 (31.2–71.4) years. Preoperatively, all patients presented with arterial hypertension persisting over a median period of 84 (5–240) …

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Selektion von Patienten mit Rektumtumoren zur lokalen Exzision aufgrund der pr�operativen Diagnostik

Ziel unserer Studie war die Erfassung der Genauigkeit der praoperativen Diagnostik (rektal-digitale Untersuchung, Biopsie und transanale Endosonographie) bei durch lokale Exzision behandelten Rektumtumoren. 552 Patienten mit Rektumkarzinom, Adenom, Karzinoiden oder seltenen benignen Tumoren wurden lokal exzidiert. Die Ergebnisse der rektal-digitalen Untersuchung, der Biopsie und der transanalen Endosonographie wurden mit dem postoperativen pathohistologischen Befund verglichen. Der praoperative histologische Nachweis des Karzinoms ist abhangig von der Tumorgrose (52% bei Karzinomen 3 cm; p=0,001) und war korrekt in 56% aller Karzinome. Die transanale Endosonographie (uT0/1) ist sensitiver (…

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Endoscopic Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Regional Lymph Nodes in Esophageal and Gastric Cancer - Results of Studies in Vitro

A total of 90 regional lymph nodes (43 benign/47 metastatic) from 16 surgical resection specimens of patients with esophageal and gastric carcinoma were examined in vitro by endosonography. The validity of endosonographic criteria of lymph node dignity (size, echogenicity, internal echo pattern and margin structure) was assessed using computer-supported B-mode analysis and compared to histopathological results. Of 26 lymph nodes with a diameter of more than 10 mm, 19 were metastatic (72%). The subjective assessment of the internal echo pattern (homogeneity) and the node margins by an experienced observer allowed the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes, but there was a high proportion of fal…

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Influence of identification and preservation of pelvic autonomic nerves in rectal cancer surgery on bladder dysfunction after total mesorectal excision.

PURPOSE: Given the improvement in oncologic outcome after the introduction of total mesorectal excision for the treatment of rectal cancer, the objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of identification and preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves and to identify a possible link between postoperative micturition disturbances and the extent of the radical resection. METHODS: Between March 1997 and December 2001, 150 patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum (≤16 cm from the anal verge) underwent surgery, with sphincter preservation in 112 cases (74.7 percent). Sixty-three patients (42 percent) were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists Stage III and two…

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Erfahrungen mit der „Endoskopischen Chirurgie“

Im Zeitraum Januar 1986 bis Juli 1991 wurden 393 Patienten endoskopisch operiert. Darunter waren 228 transanale endoskopische Operationen, 72 endoskopische Perforansdissektionen sowie 93 laparoskopische Cholezystektomien. Die Komplikationsrate fur transanale endoskopische Operationen kann mit 2,2%, fur die endoskopische Perforansvenendissektion mit 3% und fur die laparoskopische Cholezystektomie mit 7% angegeben werden. Die Rezidivrate lagen fur die transanale endoskopische Tumorabtragung bei 4% und fur die endoskopische Perforansvenendissektion bei 3%. Der Einsatz endoskopischer operativer Techniken fuhrte insgesamt zu einer Verringerung des Operationstraumas, was sich neben kosmetischen V…

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Die hepatische Kryotherapie bei Lebertumoren

In einer prospektiven Fallkontrollstudie sollte die Morbiditat, Mortalitat und Effizienz der Kryotherapie bei der Behandlung von malignen Lebertumoren am eigenen Krankengut uberpruft werden.

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Technical Alternatives in Laparoscopic Placement of an Adjustable Gastric Band: Experience of Two German University Hospitals

Background: The technique of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), although relatively well standardized, has some "weak points". Methods: We analysed the experience of 2 German university clinics in order to suggest technical alternatives that can be helpful in difficult situations. Results: Between April 1997 and May 2002 115 patients in Cologne (87 females, 28 males) with median BMI 49.5 kg/m2 and mean age 39 years (19-54), and 112 patients in Mainz (91 females, 21 males) with median BMI 48 kg/m2 and mean age 35 years (18-57) underwent LAGB, using the Lap-Band®. LAGB was performed through 5 ports (3 10-mm, 1 18-mm, and 1 5-mm in Cologne and 4 10-mm and 1 18-mm port in Mainz). T…

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Laparoskopische Cholezystektomie: Ergebnisse einer “Matched-pairs-Analyse”

In vorliegender “Matched-pairs-Analyse” wurden 60 konventionell cholezystektomierte Patienten mit 60 laparoskopisch operierten Patienten verglichen. Bei Patienten mit laparoskopischer Cholezystektomie kam es zu einer deutlichen Verkurzung des Krankenhausaufenthaltes (Median: 5 vs. 8 Tage) (p=0,0001). Die Operationszeiten waren fur den laparoskopischen Eingriff langer (Media: 100 vs. 75 min) (p=0,0001). Auffallig waren vermehrt intraoperativ auftretende kardiopulmonale Komplikationen bei Risikopatienten wahrend laparoskopischer Cholezystektomie (5 vs. 1) (p>0,1). Zudem war die Rate an Wundheilungsstorungen beim laparoskopischen Eingriff erhoht (6vs. 1) (p>0.1).

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Einfluß der laparoskopischen Adrenalektomie beim Morbus Conn auf klinische Symptomatik, Elektrolyte und Hypertonus

Retrospektive Analyse der operativen Therapie des Morbus Conn mit der speziellen Fragestellung der postoperativen Normalisierung der Serumelektrolytspiegel und der arteriellen Hypertonie

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Die Cholecystektomie beim Hochrisikopatienten Ein Vergleich zwischen konventionellem und laparoskopischem Verfahren

Die laparoskopischen Cholecystektomie bietet eine Reihe von Vorteilen, denen eine erhohte Gefahrdung kardiopulmonal vorgeschadigter Patienten durch die hamodynamischen und respiratorischen Auswirkungen des Pneumoperitoneums gegenubersteht. In der Zeit von Juni 1990 bis Dezember 1995 wurden 19 Hochrisikopatienten (ASA IV) laparoskopisch und 26 Patienten mit gleichem operativem Risiko (ASA IV) konventionell cholecystektomiert. Bei insgesamt 11,1 % (n = 5) an intraoperativen, kardiopulmonalen Komplikationen traten diese in beiden Gruppen annahernd gleichhaufig auf. Allgemeine, postoperative Komplikationen sahen wir in 33,3 % (n = 15) aller Falle, wobei die konventionell operierten Patienten ve…

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Lymphknotendissektion, Stadienverschiebung und perioperatives Risiko beim Rectumcarcinom

In der Klinik und Poliklinik fur Allgemeine und Abdominelle Chirurgie der Universitatskliniken Mainz wurde die Qualitat der Lymphknotendissektion, ihr Einflus auf das perioperative Risiko und das Tumorstaging bei 348 Patienten der Jahre 1985–1994 mit der Erstdiagnose eines Rectumcarcinoms im UICC-Stadium I–III und R0-Resektion des Tumors retrospektiv untersucht. Bei unveranderter pathohistologischer Aufarbeitungstechnik nahm die Anzahl der durchschnittlich pro Operation entfernten Lymphknoten sowohl bei den resezierenden Verfahren als auch bei den Exstirpationen von 5,3 bzw. 6 (1985/1986) auf 16,7 bzw. 17,3 (1991/1992) und 15,8 bzw. 17,3 (1993/1994) zu. Die Operationsmethode und die Erfahru…

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Laparoscopic resection of an epiphrenic diverticulum of the esophagus

Diverticulectomy of epiphrenic diverticula of the esophagus is conventionally performed via left thoracotomy. We report the case of a 57-year-old man who presented with an epiphrenic diverticulum that was resected using a transperitoneal laparoscopic technique.

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Ergebnisse der transanalen, endoskopischen Operationstechnik beim benignen Rektumpolypen

Die von Buess entwickelte transanale, endoskopische Operationstechnik ermoglicht die Abtragung breitbasiger Polypen unter guter Sicht uber eine stereoskopische Optik bis zum rektosigmoidalen Ubergang. Bei niedrigen Komplikationsraten (2,9%) und niedriger Letalitat (0,9%) sind auch die Ergebnisse im Langzeitverlauf gunstig (n = 241, 1985–1996, Rezidivrate 5%, durchschnittliche Nachbeobachtungszeit 56 Monate ±36).

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Kryotherapie primärer und sekundärer Lebertumoren

AIMS We assessed the morbidity, mortality and efficacy of cryotherapy for primary and secondary malignant liver tumours in a prospective case control study. METHODS Since 1996 we performed 77 cryosurgical procedures on 71 patients. 6 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma, the remainders metastases, mainly of colorectal origin (n = 49). Cryotherapy was used when a complete tumour resection was not feasible, but complete tumour destruction by cryotherapy seemed possible. Mean follow-up was 21 months. RESULTS The mean number of lesions per patient was 2.6 (1-10) with a mean maximum diameter of 3.7 cm (1-11). In 36 of 71 patients cryotherapy was used in combination with liver resection. Morbidi…

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Results of endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy

Background: From March 1994 to August 1995 we performed extraperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy in 18 patients with adrenal gland tumors. Methods: Two of these patients underwent bilateral adrenalectomy. For the extraperitoneal approach a pneumoret-roperitoneum was established and three 10-mm trocars were inserted in the area of the conventional flank incision. Adrenalectomy was performed via these ports. Endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy was successful in 15 patients; three patients required a conventional operation via an extraperitoneal lumbar approach because of inadequate exposure of the adrenal gland. In patients with endoscopic retroperitoneal adrenalectomy median operative t…

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Operative Thorakoskopie beim Pneumothorax

Zur operativen Therapie des rezidivierenden Pneumothorax mit Pleurektomie und Zystenresektion war bisher eine Thorakotomie notig. Der Thorax als praformierte Hohle bietet aber optimale Voraussetzungen fur einen thoraskopischen Eingriff. Die Abtragung von bullosen Lungenveranderungen erfolgt mit einem Klammergerat, die partielle Pleurektomie mit Praparationshaken und monopolarem Strom. Die Verminderung des Operationstraumas fuhrt zu einer besseren postoperativen Befindlichkeit der Patienten.

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Retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy

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Die Kryotherapie von primären und sekundären malignen Lebertumoren: Ergebnisse bei 66 Patienten / Cryotherapy of Primary and Secondary Malignant Liver Tumours: Results from 66 Patients

Von 1/96 bis 3/01 wurden bei 66 Patienten mit Lebertumoren 72kryo-therapeutische Eingriffe durchgefuhrt. Bei 45 Patienten lagen colorectale Primartumoren vor. Bei 34 Patienten kam die Kryotherapie in Kombination mit Leberresektion zur Anwendung. Ein Patient starb im perioperativen Verlauf und 15 (23%) entwickelten Komplikationen. Bei 22 der 32 Patienten (69%) mit praoperativ erhohten CEA-Spiegeln bei colorectalen Metastasen lagen diese postoperativ im Normbereich. Nach einer mittleren Nachbeobachtung von 20 Monaten haben 38 der 56 Patienten mit „R0-Therapie“ ein Tumorrezidiv entwickelt, davon 10mal unter Beteiligung der Kryoablationsstelle (18%). Die mediane Uberlebenszeit und die 3-Jahres-…

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Anterior partial fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease.

This study examined the effect of anterior partial fundoplication on reflux symptoms and dysphagia in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Perioperative results in 249 patients were evaluated retrospectively for 93 conventional and prospectively for 156 laparoscopic procedures. The patients were followed up by standardized questionnaire. Median clinical follow-up period was 9 months (range 6–44) after laparoscopic and 88 months (range 15–194) following partial open fundoplication. The median operating time was 58 and 115 min for laparoscopic and open partial fundoplication. Intraoperative complications were rare (1%) for both approaches. After introduction of the laparoscopic procedure the morb…

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Rectal cancer: mucinous carcinoma on magnetic resonance imaging indicates poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

Purpose To assess response of locally advanced rectal carcinoma to chemoradiation with regard to mucinous status and local tumor invasion found at pretherapeutic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods and Materials A total of 88 patients were included in this prospective study of patients with advanced mrT3 and mrT4 carcinomas. Carcinomas were categorized by MRI as mucinous (mucin proportion >50% within the tumor volume), and as nonmucinous. Patients received neoadjuvant chemoradiation consisting of 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy/fraction) and 5-fluorouracil on Days 1 to 5 and Days 29 to 33. Therapy response was assessed by comparing pretherapeutic MRI with histopathology of surgical specimens (minimum…

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Preoperative detection of intrathoracic tumor spread of esophageal cancer: endosonography versus computed tomography.

The results of endosonography and computed tomography, using an optimized CT technique, have been compared in the preoperative detection of intrathoracic tumor spread of esophageal cancer. In 22/40 patients with esophageal tumors complete passage of the ultrasonic endoscope was possible. Endosonography was superior to CT in the assessment of early stage of esophageal tumor (T1-2). Out of 9 tumors confined to the esophageal wall, 8 were classified correctly by endosonography and only 5 by computed tomography. The results in advanced T3 and T4 tumors (13 patients) were comparable following endosonography and computed tomography. Endosonography is an important means of selecting patients with …

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Cholecystectomy in high-risk patients: A comparison between open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy

SummaryLaparoscopic cholecystectomy offers many advantages, yet patients with a history of cardiopulmonary problems are at an increased risk because of the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of pneumoperitoneum. Between June 1990 and November 1997, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed on 31 high risk patients [American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) IV] and 40 conventional cholecystectomies were performed on patients with the same operative risk (ASA IV). In total, 15.5% (n = 11) of these patients experienced intraoperative cardiopulmonary complications, occurring with approximately the same frequency in both groups. General post-operative complications were seen in 28.2% (n=20) o…

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Rectal cancer: Assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Purpose To assess pretreatment functional and morphological tumor characteristics with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in advanced rectal carcinoma and to identify factors predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Materials and Methods In a prospective study, 95 patients with rectal carcinoma underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI before and after chemoradiation. Quantitative parameters were derived from a pharmacokinetic two-compartment model. Tumors were also characterized with regard to mucinous status at pretreatment high-resolution MRI as nonmucinous or mucinous. Response to treatment was defined as a downshift in the local tumor stage. Results The parameter k21 (contrast me…

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Der Aussagewert der endorektalen Sonographie beim präoperativen Tumorstaging und der postoperativen Tumornachsorge

Fortgeschrittene Rektumkarzinome werden kontinenzerhaltend reseziert bzw. abdominoperineal exstirpiert. Fruhe Stadien des Rektumkarzinoms konnen dagegen moghcherweise durch die lokale Exzision als ausreichend therapiert angesehen werden. Entscheidend fur die Selektion der Patienten zur lokalen Exzision ist eine moghchst exakte praoperative Beurteilung der Tumorinfiltration. Die Treffsicherheit der rektal-digitalen Untersuchung bei der Beurteilung fruher Stadien des Rektumkarzinoms hegt bei etwa nur 70% [4]. Die Endosonographie eroffnet hier neue Moglichkeiten. Wie verschiedene Autoren zeigen konnten, ist endosonographisch eine zuverlassige Beurteilung des T-Stadiums in knapp 90% der Falle m…

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Diagnosing and staging of pancreatic carcinoma-what is necessary?

The aim of the present prospective observational study was to diagnose and stage pancreatic carcinoma with a minimum of diagnostic procedures. Our experiences in 307 patients with a histologically confirmed pancreatic carcinoma show that for diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma sonography and computed tomography are sufficient in 95% of the cases. The combination of both has a sensitivity equal to that of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP; 96.8 vs. 98.7%; n.s., χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test). ERCP is only indicated in cases with negative sonography and computed tomography, and suspicion of pancreatic cancer. For tumor staging, the routine performance of angiography cannot be …

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Value of Quantitative DNA Analysis in Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas

The diagnosis of malignancy can be difficult in endocrine tumors of the pancreas. Moreover prognostically relevant factors are not available. The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively whether the DNA distribution pattern can differentiate between benign and malignant pancreatic endocrine tumors and secondly whether the DNA content of tumor cells gives prognostic information.Image cytometry of paraffin-embedded tumor material of 42 pancreatic endocrine tumors.In 27 benign endocrine pancreatic tumors (25 insulinomas, 2 benign nonfunctioning endocrine tumors) we could differentiate between 6 diploid, 15 hypotriploid and 6 triploid DNA histograms. In 15 malignant endocrine tumors of…

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Die transanale endoskopische Mikrochirurgie beim Rektumprolaps — Tierexperimentelle Ergebnisse

Es werden die Technik und die tierexperimentellen Ergebnisse einer neuen endo-skopisch-mikrochirurgischen Methode zur Behandlung des Rektumprolaps demonstriert: Durchtrennung der dorsalen Rektumwand; Ablosung der Rektumhinterwand vom Kreuzbein in den oberhalb gelegenen Abschnitten; Transmurale Einzelnahte vom Darmlumen aus durch die prasacralen Ligamenta zum Darmlumen zuruck; Legen mehrerer solcher Pexie-Nahte; Verschlus der Incision. Die fur die Rektopexie konzipierte Technik sollte wegen ihrer geringen Invasivitat deshalb fur die uberwiegend alten Patienten mit Rektumprolaps gunstiger sein als konventionelle Techniken.

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Adrenalectomy for Bilateral and Recurrent Pheochromocytoma: Increased Intraoperative Risk?

Adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma is per se associated with a specific intraoperative cardiovascular risk caused by catecholamine secretion during manipulation of the tumor. Bilateral or multiple, and recurrent chromaffine tumors are special subentities with a potentially more intensified and longer surgical preparation. The aim of our study was to examine these effects on hemodynamic changes compared with those observed for primary, solitary tumors. Of the 82 studied interventions between February 1992 and May 2005, 58 were seen to involve primary, unilateral tumors, 17 involved bilateral (1 trilateral) findings, and there were 7 cases of recurrency. The hemodynamic changes related to pri…

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Prätherapeutische Selektion von Patienten mit Rektumkarzinom zur lokalen Excision

Ziel einer retrospektiven Analyse des eigenen Krankengutes war die Klarung der Frage, wie oft sich die Indikationsstellung zur lokalen Excsion von Rektumtumoren anhand des postoperativen pathohistologischen Befundes als adaquate Therapiemasnahme erweist und wie oft sie lediglich eine diagnostische Masnahme darstellt.

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Identifikation und Schonung der autonomen Beckennerven bei TME durch selektive Nervenstimulation

Zur Vermeidung urologenitaler Funktionsstorungen nach Totaler Mesorektum Exzision (TME) bei Rektumkarzinom mussen die autonomen Beckennerven identifiziert und geschont (PANP) werden, was insbesondere fur die parasympathischen Anteile im tiefen Becken problematisch ist. In einer prospektiven Studie sollte gepruft werden, ob die intraoperative Stimulation der zur Blase ziehenden Aste bzw. des Plexus hypogastricus inferior geeignet ist autonome Beckennerven zu identifizieren und ihre Funktionsfahigkeit zu erhalten.

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Vergleich der DNS-Analyse mit histomorphologischen parametern beim Magenkarzinom

After curative resection of stomach carcinomas (adenocarcinomas: n=58, signet ring cell carcinomas: n = 24, undifferentiated carcinomas: n = 21) the DNA content of the tumor cells was compared with the histomorphological parameters. There was a correlation between the DNA content and the histomorphological parameters. The DNA analysis had no additionally prognostic influence. In the multivariate regression analysis the prognosis depended on lymph node status (p=0.0009), pT-stage (p = 0.02), tumor localization (p = 0.03) and the histological type (p=0.05). The prognosis was independent of the DNA content. Furthermore, neither did the degree of differentiation, the operative procedure, the sa…

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Die Kryotherapie — eine Erweiterung des Behandlungsspektrums von Lebermetastasen

Von 1/96 bis 9/99 wurden bei 49 Patienten mit Lebermetastasen 54 kryo- therapeutische Eingriffe durchgefuhrt. Bei 37 Patienten lagen colorectale Primartumoren vor. Bei 28 Patienten kam die Kryotherapie in Kombination mit Leberresektion zur Anwendung. Ein Patient starb im perioperativen Verlauf und 13 Patienten (27%) entwickelten Komplikationen. Bei 19 der 25 Patienten (76%) mit praoperativ erhohten CEA-Spiegeln bei colorectalen Metastasen lagen diese postoperativ im Normbereich. Nach einer medianen Nachbeobachtung von 13 Monaten haben 28 Patienten ein Tumorrezidiv entwickelt: 14 hepatisch,13 hepatisch und extrahepatisch (davon je 4 unter Beteiligung der Kryoablationsstelle) und 1 extrahepat…

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Endorektale Sonographie zur präoperativen Beurteilung der Infiltrationstiefe von Rektumtumoren

From June 1987 to February 1990, 142 out of 319 patients with rectal tumours were investigated by ultrasound scanning with the object of ascertaining the depth to which the tumour had infiltrated. This examination proved completely feasible in 130 of these patients (84 men, 46 women, mean age 61.7 [42-84] years). Postoperative histological examination revealed an adenoma (n = 59) or a T1 carcinoma (n = 19), while intrarectal ultrasonography disclosed the same findings in 79 patients (true-positive in 75 cases). A T2-tumour was diagnosed by histological examination in 24 patients, and by ultrasonography in 22 (true-positive in 18 cases). The histological diagnosis of a tumour in stage T3 or …

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Long-term Oncologic Outcome After Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery for Rectal Carcinoma

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is superior to other methods of local excision of rectal cancer, but few studies report long-term follow-up data.This study investigated the use of transanal endoscopic microsurgery alone as curative and compromise therapy based on long-term disease recurrence and mortality.This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data.The study was conducted at a tertiary care university medical center.The study included 133 patients treated between 1985 and 2007. There were 3 groups, including transanal endoscopic microsurgery in curative intent (low-risk rectal carcinoma, including pT1, G1/2, L0, and LX with clear margins and a minimal distance between …

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DNA image cytometry

In 68 patients the DNA content of tumor cells was measured by image cytometry after resection of the rectum because of cancer. In the DNA histogram a differentiation between diploid (n = 19), polyploid (n = 24), hypotriploid (n = 17), and hypertriploid (n = 8) tumors was possible. The best relapse-free survival time was found in patients with diploid tumors. The prognosis worsened from polyploid to hypotriploid and was worse in hypertriploid tumors. Testing for a prognostic advantage of diploid over aneuploid tumors without adjustment for additional factors simply by means of the log-rank statistic gave a (one-sided) P of 0.1013. In a multivariate analysis the degree of differentiation turn…

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