0000000000055119
AUTHOR
María Amparo Blázquez
Untargeted metabolomics of rind essential oils allowed to differentiate two closely related clementine varieties
[EN] Chemical characterization of clementine varieties (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) essential oils (EO) can lead to variety identification and valorization of their potential use in food and aroma industries. The goal of this study was the chemometric discrimination between two very closely related and morphologically identical clementine varieties, Clemenules (NL) and Clemenpons (PO), based on their rind EO, to identify the differential volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to determine their antioxidant capacity. EO rind volatile profile was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in Citrus fruit at different ripening stages grown two independent years in two di…
Bioactivity of essential oils in phytopathogenic and post-harvest fungi control
[EN] Commercial thyme and lavender essential oils were analysed by GC/MS. Sixty-six compounds accounting for 98.6¿99.6% of total essential oil were identified. Thymol (52.14 ± 0.21%), followed by pcymene (32.24 ± 0.16%), carvacrol (3.71 ± 0.01%) and ¿-terpinene (3.34 ± 0.02%), were the main compounds in thyme essential oil, while large amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes linalool acetate (37.07 ± 0.24%) and linalool (30.16 ± 0.06%) were found in lavender one. In vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils was evaluated at 200 and 300 ¿g/mL against 10 phytopathogenic and post-harvest fungi, which significantly affect agriculture. Micelial growth inhibition was calculated for each tested f…
Elsholtzia blandaBenth: New Citral-rich Chemotypes from India
The essential oils of the previously un-investigated aerial parts of Elsholtzia blanda were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields of the oil were found to be 0.93 and 1.70% on fresh weight basis. A total of 25 compounds, representing 82.8% and 87.9% of the oil, were identified. The main compounds were geranial (43.5%–48.8%), neral (31.7%–34.7%), E-isocitral (1.2%–0.1%), and caryophyllene oxide (1.6%–0.7%). These two cultivars have the potential to compete with commercial citral oils.
Chromone and phenanthrene alkaloids from Dennettia tripetala.
Dennettine, a new 2,6-dimethoxychromone and three known phenanthrene alkaloids (uvariopsine, stephenanthrine and argentinine) in addition to the phenolic and known compound vanillin were isolated from the roots of Dennettia tripetala. Their structures were determined by physical and spectroscopical one dimensional (1D) and 2D-NMR analysis, including heteronuclear multiple bond correlation and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation inhibited by aporphine and phenanthrene alkaloids semi-synthesized from natural boldine.
Four phenanthrene and one aporphine alkaloids semi-synthesized from boldine were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. ROS generation by neutrophils stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was inhibited in a concentration dependent manner. Alkaloids exerted similar inhibitory effect in the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system than in stimulated neutrophils, which could be attributed to a direct ROS scavenging activity. None of the alkaloids assayed had any effect on xanthine oxidase activity. Therefore the synthesized alkaloids might constitute an alternative therapy in inflammation disorders in which ROS generation is involved.
Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil ofAnthemis tenuisectaBall
Abstract The Chemical composition of the essential oil of Anthemis tenuisecta Ball. (Anthemideae) was analyzed by gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty eight components accounting for 89.5 % of the oil were identified, being camphor (17.5 %), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (17.1 %), borneol (11.5 %), sesquicineole (11%) and camphene (5.7 %) the main compounds. In the antibacterial diffusion assay, the oil showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Zingiber Zerumbet Var. Darcyi
The chemical composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation method from the rhizomes of Z. zerumbet var. darcyi was determined by GC and GC-MS. Thirty-three compounds, accounting for 93.6% of the oil were identified including twenty compounds in minor (0.1-0.6%) and eight in trace (<0.05%) amounts. The main compounds were zerumbone (69.9%) α-humulene (12.9%), humulene epoxide II (2.5%), caryophyllene oxide (1.1%) and camphene (1.9%). In this analysis, it has been found that the variety could be used as an additional new source of natural zerumbone besides Zingiber zerumbet. This is a first report on the analysis of Z. zerumbet var. darcyi oil.
Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Essential Oil from Extraction to Its Agri-Food Applications. A Review
Curcuma longa L. rhizome essential oil is a valuable product in pharmaceutical industry due to its wide beneficial health effects. Novel applications in the agri-food industry where more sustainable extraction processes are required currently and safer substances are claimed for the consumer are being investigated. This review provides information regarding the conventional and recent extraction methods of C. longa rhizome oil, their characteristics and suitability to be applied at the industrial scale. In addition, variations in the chemical composition of C. longa rhizome and leaf essential oils regarding intrinsic and extrinsic factors and extraction methods are also analysed in order to…
Phytotoxic Effects of Commercial Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils on Weeds, Crops, and Invasive Species
Background: essential oils are well known for their pharmacological effectiveness as well as their repellent, insecticide, and herbicide activities. The emergence of resistant weeds, due to the overuse of synthetic herbicides, makes it necessary to find natural alternatives for weed control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of Eucalyptus citriodora, Lavandula angustifolia, and Pinus sylvestris, three common commercial essential oils, on weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli), food crops (tomato and cucumber), and the invasive species Nicotiana glauca. Methods: to determine herbicidal effects, essential oils were tested at diffe…
Inhibition of bacterial virulence factors of foodborne pathogens by paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) extracts
Abstract Capsicum annuum extracts of different polarities were tested for their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-Quorum sensing (QS) activity against several pathogenic microorganisms and possible toxic effects using an in vivo model (Galleria mellonella L.). Hexane (HE) and Chloroform extract (CE) were the most active in inhibiting biofilm formation of the eight bacteria tested, with inhibition percentages between 22 and 88% for a concentration of 100 μg/mL. These extracts were potent inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm, and microscopy analysis confirmed a significant reduction in adhered cells. Moreover, polystyrene surfaces coated with these extracts decreased Staph. aureus a…
Antibiofilm activity of coriander (Coriander sativum L.) grown in Argentina against food contaminants and human pathogenic bacteria
Abstract Bacterial spoilage of food and other infections are a coordinated mechanism controlled by quorum sensing (QS), which regulate the expression of virulence factors, such as biofilm. The antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-QS and anti-swarming properties of hexane (HE), chloroform (CE), ethyl acetate (EAE), methanolic (ME) and total methanolic (TME) extracts of coriander grown in Argentina were investigated. In vivo extracts toxicity using Galleria mellonella L. model and chemical composition (GC-MS) were also assessed. The antibiofilm activity of polystyrene surfaces coated with the most active extracts was evaluated. At non-inhibitory growth concentrations, extracts showed a strong ant…
New alkaloid antibiotics that target the DNA topoisomerase I of Streptococcus pneumoniae
16 pags, 3 figs, 3 tabs
Laurel extracts inhibit quorum sensing, virulence factors and biofilm of foodborne pathogens
Antimicrobial, antibiofilm, anti-Quorum sensing (QS) and virulence factors inhibitory capacity of different polarity Laurus nobilis extracts against several pathogenic microorganisms were studied. Some extracts exhibited antibiotic effect against Staphylococcus aureus multidrug-resistant strains. However, all extracts (100 µg/mL) inhibited to some extent the biofilm of most bacteria tested (until 40% for Gram-negative and 76% for Gram-positive). Hexane (HE) and chloroform extract (CE) were potent inhibitors of S. aureus biofilm and the microscopies further confirmed an important reduction in adherent cells. Polystyrene surfaces coated with these extracts showed a decrease in bacterial adhes…
Lemon Oils Attenuate the Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Quorum Sensing Inhibition
The chemical composition of three Citrus limon oils: lemon essential oil (LEO), lemon terpenes (LT) and lemon essence (LE), and their influence in the virulence factors production and motility (swarming and swimming) of two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (ATCC 27853 and a multidrug-resistant HT5) were investigated. The main compound, limonene, was also tested in biological assays. Eighty-four compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 99.23%, 98.58% and 99.64%, were identified by GC/MS. Limonene (59–60%), γ-terpinene (10–11%) and β-pinene (7–15%) were the main compounds. All lemon oils inhibited specific biofilm production and bacterial metabolic activities into biofilm in a dose-dep…
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oils ofPistacia atlanticaDesf.
The chemical composition of the three essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the resin, leaves and fruits of Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) was studied by GC and GC/MS. Monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted the main chemical group in the resin oil, with α-pinene (42.9%) and β-pinene (13.2%) as the major components. Oil of the fruits contained high amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes, with bornyl acetate (21.5%) as the major component, while oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were found to predominate in the oil of leaves among which terpinen-4-ol (21.7%) and elemol (20.0%) were the most abundant components.
Encapsulated Limonene: A Pleasant Lemon-Like Aroma with Promising Application in the Agri-Food Industry. A Review
International audience; Limonene, mainly found as a major component in Citrus spp., has been proven to possess a valuable potential as sustainable replacement to synthetic pesticides and food preservatives. This review intends to give a clear overview of the principal emerging applications of limonene in the agri-food industry as antimicrobial, herbicidal and antioxidant agent. To successfully use limonene in a greener agri-food industry, its preservation had become a top concern for manufacturers. In order to elucidate the most efficient and sustainable manner to encapsulate limonene, the different techniques and materials tested up to the present are also reviewed. In general, encapsulati…
Chemical composition, herbicidal and antifungal activity of Satureja cuneifolia essential oils from Spain
The chemical composition of essential oils from Satureja cuneifolia growing in east Spain was analyzed by GC, GC/MS. Forty-five compounds accounting for 99.1% of the total oil were identified. Camphor (47.6%), followed by camphene (13.6%) were the main compounds. Their herbicidal and antifungal activity was tested in vitro against three weeds (Amaranthus hybridus, Portulaca oleracea and Conyza canadensis) and eleven common pathogenic or saprophytic fungi (Phytophthora citrophthora, P. palmivora, Pythium litorale, Verticillium dahlia, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium hirsutum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Phaemoniella chlamydospora, Cylindrocarpon liriodendri a…
Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils ofCladanthus arabicusCass. (Asteraceae)
Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils of the aerial parts (stems and leaves: sample A) and flowers (sample B) of Cladanthus arabicus Cass., were analysed by GC-MS. Monoterpenes hydrocarbons constituted the main chemical group in both essential oils, with Sabinene, β-pinene, α-pinene, myrcene, α-phellandrene and p-cymene as the main compounds. Sample A was tested for its antimicrobial activity against six Gram positive and negative bacteria. Results showed that the oil exhibited a significant antibacterial activity.
Ginger and Turmeric Essential Oils for Weed Control and Food Crop Protection
Ginger and turmeric are two food ingredients that are in high demand due to their flavor and positive effects on health. The biological properties of these spices are closely related to the aromatic compounds they contain. The chemical compositions of their essential oils and their in vitro phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, Echinochloa crus-galli, Cortaderia selloana, and Nicotiana glauca) and food crops (tomato, cucumber, and rice) were studied. Forty-one compounds, accounting for a relative peak area of 87.7% and 94.6% of turmeric and ginger essential oils, respectively, were identified by Gas Chromatography&ndash
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil ofCurcuma leucorhizaRoxb
The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the rhizomes and leaves of Curcuma leucorhiza Roxb. were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the first time. A total of forty-nine compounds were identified in both oils. The main compounds in the rhizome and leaf oils were germacrone (9.6–19.7%), curdione (19.1–19.5%), camphor (7.2–8.1%), 1,8-cineole (4.0–7.4%), curzerene (3.0–5.7%), linalool (5.2–5.4%), neo-curdione (2.8–4.6%) and isoborneol (2.0–3.8%). Screening of the essential oils showed promising antibacterial activity (7–16 mm inhibition zone) against Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and antifu…
Compositions of the Volatile Oils of Citrus Macroptera and C. Maxima
The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the fresh peels of Citrus macroptera Montr. and C maxima(Burm.) Merr. were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The yields of oil ranged from 0.53% in C macroptera to 0.13% in C maxima cultivar (white). Forty-seven compounds were identified in the oils with limonene (55.3-80.0%), dodecyl acrylate (2.2-8.0%), geranial (0.4-3.5%), trans-linalool oxide (1.0-2.8%), α-terpineol (0.7-2.3%), linalool (0.7-1.5%) and cis- linalool oxide (0.5-1.4%) identified as major compounds. The oil of C. macroptera contained limonene (55.3%), β-caryophyllene (4.7%) and geranial (3.5%) as main compounds. Similarly, oils from two C maxima(pink and white) cultivars were r…
Chemotaxonomic value of the essential oil compounds in species of Teucrium pumilum aggregate
Volatile compounds from the aerial parts of Teucrium lepicephalum Pau and Teucrium carolipaui C. Vicioso ex Pau, both belonging to the Teucrium pumilum aggregate, were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. From the common and specific compounds (mono- and sesquiterpenes) of the two taxa, chemical characterization was carried out and taxonomic relationships were assessed. Application of the cluster and k-means discriminant analysis shows a differential chemical relationship between T. lepicephalum and Teucrium carolipaui.
Antimicrobial activity of essential oil ofArtemisia judaicaL. from Algeria against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical origin
Artemisia judaica L. essential oil was studied for antibacterial activity against various clinical isolates of bacteria resistant to a number of antibiotics. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against 20 multidrug resistant (MDR) of clinical origin compared to standard ATCC strains. The strains that showed resistance against the maximum number of antibiotics tested were selected for an antibacterial assay by three methods: Disc diffusion method, microatmosphere and dilution method. The obtained results demonstrated that the A. judaica essential oil possessed an excellent inhibitory effect against all of the tested strains. The most potent results were obtained against MRSA (Methicilli…
Effect of boldine, secoboldine, and boldine methine on angiotensin II-induced neutrophil recruitment in vivo.
AbstractAngiotensin-II (Ang-II) has inflammatory activity and is involved in different diseases associated with the cardiovascular system. This study has evaluated the effect of boldine (B), and two phenanthrene alkaloids semisynthesized by us, secoboldine (SB) and boldine methine (BM), on Ang-II-induced neutrophil recruitment. Intraperitoneal administration of 1 nM Ang-II induced significant neutrophil accumulation, which was maximal at 4–8 h. BM inhibited neutrophil infiltration into the peritoneal cavity at 4 h and 8 h by 73% and 77%, respectively, SB at 8 h by 55%, and B had no effect on this response. Although BM inhibited the release of cytokine-inducible neutrophil chemoattractant/ke…
Further Flavonoids and Other Phenolics of Thymus webbianus Rouy
Abstract Seven different flavonoids from the aerial parts of Thymus webbianus were isolated. They were identified by UV spectra, TLC and HPLC-DAD as luteolin, apigenin, eryodictiol, naringenin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside. Other phenolics characterized by HPLC-DAD analysis were: protocatechuic, chlorogenic, syringic, p-coumaric and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids.
Influence of the Storage of Cistus ladanifer L. Bales from Mechanised Harvesting on the Essential Oil Yield and Qualitative Composition
Cistus ladanifer is a Mediterranean native plant from which valuable products, such as essential oil, are obtained. Manual harvesting of the plants in wild shrublands is usual during short periods of time. Their mechanised harvesting could increase the volume of harvested plants and prevent fires, further storage of the plants collected being necessary. The objective of this work is to study the influence of the storage period of mechanically harvested bales on the essential oil yield and qualitative composition. The harvesting trials were carried out with an adapted commercial harvester baler and the storage of the bales was performed indoors during 1–7 days, 15–30 days and 100–120 days. A…
Comparative GC-MS Analysis of Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilisL.) Essential Oils in Commercial Samples
Chemical composition of Laurus nobilis essential oils traded as spice and medicinal items was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-four compounds accounting between 91–99% of the total oil was identified. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found among essential oils obtained from bay leaves used both for cooking and medicinal purposes. The oxygenated compounds were the principal fraction in all analyzed oils and consisted in oxygenated monoterpenes (73.13%), in medicinal essential oil and oxygenated monoterpenes (37.60 and 29.82%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (15.98 and 22.99%), and phenylpropanoids (24.78 and 26.33%), respectively, in commercial food items. A hi…
In vitro antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activity of the sawdust essential oil of Tetraclinis articulata (vahl) against catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates
Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition, antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oil of sawdust from root burl wood of T. articulata. Nine strains including 8 clinical isolates from catheters-related infections and one ATCC 25923 were tested. Twenty-seven different compounds were identified by GC–MS in the essential oil of T. articulata extracted by hydrodistillation. Carvacrol and cedrol were the principal compounds representing 34.37 ± 0.07 and 11.07 ± 0.09 respectively. The EO had a strong antibacterial activity against all strains including one Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) and two Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus strains. Inhibition …
Herbicidal value of essential oils from oregano-like flavour species
ABSTRACTChemical composition and phytotoxicity of oregano, marjoram and Thymus mastichina essential oils against Portulaca oleracea L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. has been investigated. Seventy-seven compounds reaching 97.3% and 99.4% were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Carvacrol (60.42 ± 0.07%), p-cymene (15.52 ± 0.02%) and γ-terpinene (5.19 ± 0.02%) were the main compounds in oregano essential oil, whereas large amounts of 1,8-cineol (59.59 ± 0.85%, 49.49 ± 0.37%), linalool (13.05 ± 0.04%, 5.66 ± 0.01%) and α-terpineol (3.36 ± 0.10%, 5.59 ± 0.01%), followed by β-pinene (4.35 ± 0.39, 5.54 ± 0.01%) and α-pinene (4.11 ± 0.53, 4.28 ± 0.…
Effect of two phenanthrene alkaloids on angiotensin II-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactionsin vivo
The present study has evaluated the effect of two phenanthrene alkaloids, uvariopsine and stephenanthrine, on angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions in vivo and the mechanisms involved in their activity. Intravital microscopy within the rat mesenteric microcirculation was used. A 60 min superfusion with 1 nM Ang-II induced a significant increase in the leukocyte–endothelial cell interactions that were completely inhibited by 1 μM uvariopsine cosuperfusion. A lower dose of 0.1 μM significantly reduced Ang-II-induced leukocyte adhesion by 75%. When Ang-II was cosuperfused with 1 and 0.1 μM stephenanthrine, Ang-II-induced leukocyte responses were significantly …
Artemisia arborescens L.: essential oil composition and effects of plant growth stage in some genotypes from Sicily
Essential oils from aerial parts of several Artemisia arborescens L. populations, collected in five different localities of Sicily, were analyzed by gas chromatograph–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in order to study the chemical composition and its variability due to phenological stage. Forty-three compounds, accounting for more than 92% of the oil, were identified. Monoterpene fraction with the exception of Petru population was higher than the sesquiterpene fraction. β-Thujone (20.5–55.9%), chamazulene (15.2–49.4%), camphor (1.3–10.7%) and germacrene D (2.3–3.4%) were the main compounds. Chemical composition was influenced by phenological stage, with an…
Effects ofThymus species extracts on rat duodenum isolated smooth muscle contraction
The diethylether, ethylacetate and butanolic extracts from Thymus webbianus and Thymus leptophyllus were tested for spasmolytic activity. Pre-incubation of the isolated rat duodenum with these extracts for 10 min produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholine-induced contractions. This effect was at least ten times greater with the apolar extracts than with the polar extracts.
Mandarin essential oils inhibit quorum sensing and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces biofilm and several virulence factors coordinated by quorum sensing (QS) in food. The interruption of QS is a target to control the bacterial virulence. Chemical preservatives used to control biofilm give rise to several food safety problems. For this reason, essential oils (EOs), generally recognized as safe products, are a hopeful alternative. The aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of mandarin EOs obtained by cold-pressing (EOP) and cold-pressing followed by steam distillation (EOPD) and their antipathogenic properties against P. aeruginosa. Both EOs contained the highest quantities of monoterpene hydrocarbons, mainly limonene, follo…
Phytotoxic effects of commercial essential oils on selected vegetable crops: Cucumber and tomato
Abstract Essential oils of Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Thymus mastichina L., Ocimum basilicum L., Melaleuca alternifolia Maiden & Betche ex Cheel, Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Gaultheria procumbens L. and Origanum majorana L., with herbicidal effects at different doses (0.125, 0.250, 0.50 and 1 μL/mL) were tested against Cucumis sativus L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., in order to ensure their harmlessness against these Mediterranean food crops. Oregano (carvacrol 60.42%) was the most damaging essential oil, exhibiting a dose-dependent phytotoxic activity against the seed germination and seedling growth of cucumber and tomato, whereas rosemary (1,8-cineole 24.95%, camphor…
Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops
The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67&ndash
Chemical variability in the essential oil of Cinnamomum tamala L. leaves from India.
The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the fresh leaves of Cinnamomum tamala Nees et Eberm. was determined by GC and GC–MS. The yield of the oil on a dry weight basis ranged from 1.2% to 3.9% (w/w). Phenyl propanoids constitute the major portion (88.9–95.0%) of the oils. Fifty-four compounds were identified from the oils. Eugenol (91.4–41.8%) was the main compound, followed by eugenyl acetate (0.0–47.1%) and α-phellandrene (0.6–2.5%) in the analysed oils.
Herbicidal Activity of Peumus boldus and Drimys winterii Essential Oils from Chile
[EN] The essential oil composition of Peumus boldus and Drimys winterii was analyzed by means of capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. More than 96% of the total oil components (43 and 54 compounds, respectively) were identified, with ascaridole (51.17 ± 9.51), p-cymene (16.31 ± 2.52) and 1,8-cineole (14.45 ± 2.99) as the main compounds in P. boldus and ¿-eudesmol (21.65 ± 0.41), followed of elemol (12.03 ± 0.34) and terpinen-4-ol (11.56 ± 1.06) in D. winterii. The herbicidal activity was tested against Amaranthus hybridus and Portulaca oleracea. P. boldus essential oil was the most phytotoxic against both weeds, inhibiting seed germination and seedling growth at all concentrations assayed (0.125-1 ¿…
Herbicidal activity of Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav. essential oil
The bioherbicidal potential of Thymbra capitata (l.) Cav. essential oil (EO) and its main compound carvacrol was investigated. In in vitro assays, the EO blocked the germination and seedling growth of Erigeron canadensis L., Sonchus oleraceus (l.) L., and Chenopodium album L. at 0.125 µ