A New Versatile Synthesis of N,N′,N″,N″′-Tetra-(2-carboxyethyl)-and N,N′,N″,N″′-Tetra-(3-aminopropyl)-tetraazacycloalkanes by Michael Addition of Pol…

1996

Abstract A smooth and convenient one step synthesis of N,N′,N″,N″′-tetra-(2-carboxyethyl)-tetraazacycloalkanes is reported. These compounds are synthesized by Michael addition of tetraazacycloalkanes to acrylic acid. The same Michael addition of tetraazacycloalkanes to an excess of acrylonitrile also leads to the corresponding tetracyanoethylated derivatives. The reduction of such tetracyanoethylated compounds is a new way of preparation for the corresponding primary amines.

Steady-state radiation heat transfer problem

1996

In Section 8.2, we shall see that the steady-state radiative heat transfer problem can be transformed to minimization of a smooth nonquadratic functional J over a convex and closed subset of a Banach space V. To this end we firstly shortly recall some basic definitions concerning differentiability of J, because these sometimes differ in the literature.

An Aggressive Search Procedure for the Bipartite Drawing Problem

1996

Graphs are used to represent reality in several areas of knowledge. This has generated considerable interest in graph drawing algorithms. Arc crossing minimization is a fundamental aesthetic criterion to obtain a readable map of a graph. The problem of minimizing the number of arc crossings in a bipartite graph (BDP) is NP-complete. In this paper we present an aggressive search scheme for the BDP based on the Intensification, Diversification and Strategic Oscillation elements of Tabu Search. Several algorithms can be obtained with this scheme by implementing different evaluators in the move definitions. In this paper we propose two variants. Computational results are reported on a set of 30…

Quantitative analysis of broad molecular weight distributions obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

1996

In order to quantify the error of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry in the determination of broad molecular weight distributions, different mixtures by weight of two poly(methyl methacrylate) standards were prepared. These mixtures, with well-defined bimodal molecular weight distributions were analysed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using different matrices (2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) and different cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+) for doping the analyte. From the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric data, the weight fractions of the two polymers of all mixtures were determined and compared to the values mea…

The effects of academic stress on health behaviors in young adults

1996

Abstract The present study examined changes in health behaviors as a function of academic stress. One-hundred and thirty-three college undergraduate students completed measures of stress, affect, and health-behaviors during times of low and high academic demands. During the high-stress period, negative affect increased and positive affect decreased significantly, while health behaviors deteriorated. The strongest decrements were observed for exercise. Generally, women scored higher on “routine health behaviors” (i.e., self-care, vehicle safety, drug avoidance), but not on behaviors requiring effort (i.e., exercise, healthy nutrition). Distinct patterns of changes in health behaviors and aff…

Extension of The Stochastic Differential Calculus To Complex Processes

1996

In structural engineering complex processes arise to predict the first excursion failure, fatigue failure, etc. Indeed to solve these problems the envelope function, which is the modulus of a complex process, is usually introduced. In this paper the statistics of the complex response process related to the envelope statistics of linear systems subjected to parametric stationary normal white noise input are evaluated by using extensively the properties of stochastic differential calculus.

Search for promptly produced heavy quarkonium states in hadronic Z decays

1996

A search has been made for direct production of heavy quarkonium states in more than 3 million hadronic Z^{0} decays in the 1991-1994 DELPHI data. Prompt J/\psi, \psi(2S) and \Upsilon candidates have been searched for through their leptonic decay modes using criteria based on the kinematics and decay vertex positions. New upper limits are set at the 90 \% confidence level for {Br( Z^0 \rightarrow \left( Q \bar{Q} \right) X ) / Br( Z^0 \rightarrow \mbox{hadrons})} for various strong production mechanisms of J/\psi and \Upsilon; these range down to 0.9 \times 10^{-4}. The limits are set in the presence of a small excess (\sim 1 \% statistical probability of a background fluctuation) in the su…

"Und meine Seele spannte weit ihre Flügel aus". Ein religiöses Porträt von Joseph von Eichendorff

1996

Ammattikorkeakoulu ja työelämä : keskipohjalaisen työelämän näkemyksiä Kokkolan ammattikorkeakoulusta

1996

Lukuvuosi 1995-1996 oli Kokkolan ammattikorkeakoulun neljäs kokeiluvuosi. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tukea oppilaitoksessa tehtävää kehittämistyötä tuottamalla tietoa siitä, miten keskipohjalaisissa yrityksissä ja laitoksissa suhtaudutaan Kokkolan ammattikorkeakoulun antamaan koulutukseen ja muihin toimintoihin. Tavoitteena oli, että tulosten avulla voidaan ammattikorkeakouluopinnoista annetun lain hengessä (SA 255/1995) parantaa oppilaitoksessa harjoitettavan koulutuksen ja tutkimuksen laatua sekä löytää uusia yhteistyömahdollisuuksia sitä ympäröivän elinkeinoelämän kanssa. Tutkimus kohdistuu pelkästään Kokkolan ammattikorkeakoulussa edustettuina oleviin koulutusaloihin ja -ohjelm…

La seducción del corpus y las citas de autor

1996

La tendencia a considerar el corpus de un autor como una entidad perfec- ta, cerrada, definida por unas reglas que extraídas del propio corpus le confie- ren su singularidad literaria, explica en gran medida el rechazo a todo aquello que sea exterior a él, que no se ajuste a esas reglas. Es ésta una de las causas, posiblemente la más importante, por la que la discrepancia entre la tradición indirecta de un autor y la manuscrita se suele saldar en favor de ésta última, incluso cuando la lectura que transmiten los mss., tiene problemas de interpre- tación, Ter. Ad. 117 / Varro, LL 7.84, o cuando la única fuente es la indirecta, Ath.10.447b / Archil. fr. 42 W.

Cercospora beticola toxins. Part XI : isolation and structure of beticolin 0

1996

International audience

Deux nouvelles inscriptions trouvées à Saint-Geosmes près de Langres (Haute-Marne)

1996

An anomaly in inclusive pion double charge exchange on 16O at about 1GeV

1996

The new results on the inclusive double charge exchange (DCX) reaction 16O(π-,π+)X at incident kinetic energy T0=0.75 and 1.15GeV are presented. The data were taken without using Cherentov counters. The new DCX cross sections agree well with the old ones. Both the values are about an order of magnitude larger than the theoretical cross sections calculated for the standard sequential mechanism. Two other approaches wich seem to explain the discrepancy are also briefly reviewed. Vicente Vacas, Manuel Jose, Manuel.J.Vicente@ific.uv.es

Genèse de la fiscalité urbaine en France

1996

A. Furio

PCR Typing of Alu Elements — Molecular Genetics and Forensic Application

1996

Alu repeats belong to the family of short interspersed elements (SINEs) and are among the most abundant repetitive DNA sequences in the mammalian genome. They represent mobile genetic elements ancestrally derived from the 7SL RNA gene and have presumably spread within the genome by retroposition (reviewed in [1]). A particular group of Alu repeats appears to be human-specific (HS subfamily) and has expanded only recently within the human genome as indicated by distinct dimorphisms at various loci due to the presence or absence of an Alu repeat. In recent extensive studies, the frequency distributions of Alu insertions at selected loci in various human racial groups and populations were dete…

Measurement of inclusive pi(0) production in hadronic Z(0) decays

1996

An analysis is presented of inclusive \pi^0 production in Z^0 decays measured with the DELPHI detector. At low energies, \pi^0 decays are reconstructed by \linebreak using pairs of converted photons and combinations of converted photons and photons reconstructed in the barrel electromagnetic calorimeter (HPC). At high energies (up to x_p = 2 \cdot p_{\pi}/\sqrt{s} = 0.75) the excellent granularity of the HPC is exploited to search for two-photon substructures in single showers. The inclusive differential cross section is measured as a function of energy for {q\overline q} and {b \bar b} events. The number of \pi^0's per hadronic Z^0 event is N(\pi^0)/ Z_{had}^0 = 9.2 \pm 0.2 \mbox{(stat)} \…

Macrorheological determinants, red cell membrane dynamic properties and erythrocyte Ca2+ content (total and cytosollc) in VAD subjects with and witho…

1996

De flora valentina V

1996

Fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo tras degeneración de enfermedad de Paget Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura

1996

El fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo es un tumor de estirpe mesenquimal poco frecuente, pero de alta agresividad. Se suele presentar de forma primaria, aunque a veces lo hace sobre lesiones previas en el hueso. Puede ser difícil de diferenciar histológicamente de otros tumores, pero es una entidad propia desde el punto de vista anatomopatológico. Presentamos un paciente con enfermedad de Paget que desarrolló un fibrohistiocitoma maligno óseo en el fémur sobre el hueso pagético. Fue tratado mediante desarticulación de cadera. No se usó quimioterapia como tratamiento coadyuvante debido a su avanzada edad y situación basal. A los 18 meses se encuentra asintomático y sin signos de recurrencia. Se …

Microscopical and Mycological Investigations on Wood of Pendunculate Oak (Quercus robur L) Relative to the Occurrence of Oak Decline

1996

Summary Microscopical studies exhibited great differences between healthy and damaged pendunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) relative to the state of sapwood vessels and the degree of fungal infection. In the sapwood of damaged trees deposits, discolorations and early tylosis formations were found which frequently occurred in combination with fungal infections. These results lead to the assumption that the defence reaction of the trees probably induced by fungal infection changes the structure of the tree vessels to such an extent that their water transfer function is disturbed. Some fungal genera playing an important role in the discussion of the causes of oak decline could be isolated.…

Swelling, Intracellular Acidosis, and Damage of Glial Cells

1996

Cerebral ischemia and severe head injury among others are associated with a limited availability of oxygen, leading to cell catabolism as well as anaerobic glycolysis. Resulting metabolites, such as arachidonic- and lactic acid, can be expected to leak into perifocal brain areas, contributing there to cytotoxic swelling and damage of neurons and glia. Since elucidation of mechanisms underlying cell swelling and damage in the brain is difficult in vivo, respective investigations were carried out in vitro using suspended glial cells. Thereby, effects of arachidonic acid (AA) and of lactacidosis on glial cell volume, intracellular pH (pHi), and cell damage were analyzed utilizing flow cytometr…

Scattering of Strongly Interacting Particles on Nuclei

1996

This chapter deals with the interaction of strongly interacting particles (hadrons) with nuclei, at low and intermediate energies. The hadronic projectiles are used as probes of nuclear properties and of the hadron-nucleon interaction in the nuclear medium, and they are selected accordingly. We discuss mainly the case of pions, to some extent also kaons, because of the specific properties of the pion-(kaon)-nucleon system. Some of the methods and results can also be applied to nucleons if these are chosen to be projectiles, but we do not go into the full complexity of the spin analysis of the nucleon-nucleon system. In this sense this field is distinct from the conventional topic of nuclear…

Pulmonary hypertension caused by a severe scoliosis

1996

Background. Pulmonary hypertension in childhood is uncommon. It can be idiopathic or secondary to other pathologies (cardiovascular, skeletric,...). Case description. We report on a 9 year old girl suffering from pulmonary hypertension due to severe dorso-lumbar scoliosis. Conclusions. We discuss the etiopathogenetic relationship between scoliosis and pulmonary hypertension, with particular reference to the role of the treatment with Milwaukee's corset in the evolution of the disease.

Los corticoides epidurales en el tratamiento del síndrome del canal lumbar estrecho

1996

Se presenta una serie de 67 pacientes diagnosticados de síndrome del canal lumbar estrecho, tratados todos ellos con infíltraciones epidurales de corticosteroides, asociadas a un programa de rehabilitación realizado a continuación de las inyecciones. Tras el análisis de los datos se ha observado un porcentaje de buenos resultados cercano al 80%. Asimismo, el estudio ha puesto en evidencia la influencia clara del factor rehabilitación en la calidad del resultado final de los pacientes. The authors present a study on 67 patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. The treatment consisted in epidural injections with corticosteroids and a program of physical therapy. There was 80% of good…

De la catégorie de style en histoire des sciences

1996

National audience; Depuis une dizaine d'années environ, l'usage du mot "style" s'est répandu comme une épidémie parmi les historiens des sciences. L'on ne compte plus les congrès et colloques comportant des sessions sur les "styles nationaux" ou "locaux" de recherche scientifique.1 L'on remarque aussi la prolifération d'expressions telles que "style de pensée", "style de raisonnement", "style d'argumentation", dans la littérature ordinaire d'histoire et de philosophie des sciences (Crombie 1982, 1992, 1994 ; Fruton 1990 ; Gavroglu 1990 ; Hacking, 1983, 1992a, 192b, 1992 ; Harwood 1993). Ces usages sont déconcertants, car il est rare qu'ils soient accompagnés de définition précise, ou de réf…

Chromosomes and the origins of apes and australopithecins

1996

Comparison of molecular data suggests that the higher apes (Gorilla, Pan) and humankind (Homo) are closely related and that they diverged from the common ancestor through two speciation events situated very closely together in time. Examination of the chromosomal formulas of the living species reveals a paradox in the distribution of mutated chromosomes which can only be resolved by a model of trichotomic diversification. This new model of divergence from the common ancestor is characterized by the transition from (1) a monotypic phase to (2) a polytypic phase of three sub-species — pre-gorilla, pre-chimpanzee and preaustralopithecine. The quadruped ancestors ofAustralopithecus appear to ha…

Polacy, Francuzi i Rosjanie w obozach w Pępicach

1996

Chiral symmetry in the KḰ and kn systems

1996

In this talk we present teh results of recent developments in the aplication of Chiral perturbation theory to the KḰ system and to de K+N →KNπ reaction close to threshosd. In the first case, we study the decay channels of the a0 and f0 mesons assumed to be made largely from KḰ. In the second case comparison is made with the present data. A qualitative agreement with experiment is both in found cases. Oset Baguena, Eulogio, Eulogio.Oset@ific.uv.es, Nieves Pamplona, Juan Miguel, Juan.M.Nieves@ific.uv.es

Bibliografía básica de Educación para la Salud

1996

La presente recopilación bibliográfica pretende ser una ayuda para desarrollar la Educación para la Salud en la escuela. Su selección y organización se ha efectuado utilizando los siguientes criterios: a) Se han elegido libros de fácil adquisición y útiles para la escuela, obviando otro tipo de material, (diapositivas, videos, juegos, etc.) que por ser editados en número muy limitado de ejemplares, son de difícil obtención. Debemos reseñar, no obstante, el monográfico de Educación para la Salud de Cuadernos de Pedagogía nº 214 de mayo de 1993. b) Algunos libros que se presentan han sido escritos por autores sanitarios y dirigidos para el ámbito de la sanidad, no obstante, podemos encontrar …

Conformational substates of the Fe2+-His F8 linkage in deoxymyoglobin and hemoglobin probed in parallel by the Raman band of the Fe-His stretching vi…

1996

Evidence for a common origin of most Friedreich ataxia chromosomes in the Spanish population

1996

Haplotype analysis is a powerful approach to understand the spectrum of mutations accounting for a disease in a homogeneous population. We show that haplotype variation for 10 markers linked to the Friedreich ataxia locus (FRDA) argues in favor of an important mutation homogeneity in the Spanish population, and positions the FRDA locus in the region where it has been recently isolated. We also report the finding of a new single nucleotide polymorphism called FAD1. The new marker shows a very strong linkage disequilibrium with Friedreich ataxia (FA) in both the Spanish and French populations. suggesting the existence of an ancient and widespread FRDA mutations. Inclusion of FAD1 in the exten…

Eigenschaften der Aminosäuren und Peptide

1996

Weit uber die Halfte der Trockensubstanz der meisten Zellen besteht aus Proteinen. Die Bausteine der Proteine sind Aminosauren. Sie sollen daher zunachst behandelt werden.

Skolotāju kvalitatīvā sastāva ietekme uz pedagoģisko procesu vispārizglītojošā skolā

1996

Compte rendu de "Eclats de voix : crises en représentation dans la littérature nord-américaine," ed. Christine Raguet-Bouvart. Revue Française d’Etud…

1996

Compte rendu

De von Thünen à Fujita : continuité ou rupture ?

1996

L'histoire de la pensée économique spatiale fait apparaître quatre grands paradigmes qui se rattachent respectivement aux travaux initiateurs de von Thünen, Weber, Christaller et Lösch et enfin Hotelling (Ponsard, 1983). En y ajoutant les apports d'autres auteurs, comme Lauhnardt et Greenhut (Norman, 1993), et en étudiant les complémentarités et les interactions entre ces paradigmes (Ponsard, 1983 ; Fujita, Ogawa et Thisse, 1988 ; Fujita et Thisse, 1986), on a pu souvent souligner les pertinences actuelles, théoriques et empiriques, de ces contributions historiques. Mais cespertinences dépassent également le champ strict de l'économie spatiale, puisque certaines théories de l'économie inter…

Fibromatosis paramandibular infantil. Presentación de dos casos clínicos.

1996

Las fibromatosis de partes blandas constituyen a menudo un problema diagnóstico, especialmente dado en la edad infantil, debido al carácter celular de estos procesos, que pueden inducir a pensar en la existencia de un fibrosarcoma. Presentamos dos casos de fibromatosis orales de partes blandas paramandibulares, comentándose los hallazgos histopatológicos y los diagnósticos diferenciales planteados.