Equations on trees

1996

We introduce the notion of equation on trees, generalizing the corresponding notion for words, and we develop the first steps of a theory of tree equations. The main result of the paper states that, if a pair of trees is the solution of a tree equation with two indeterminates, then the two trees are both powers of the same tree. As an application, we show that a tree can be expressed in a unique way as a power of a primitive tree. This extends a basic result of combinatorics on words to trees. Some open problems are finally proposed.

Infection of the upper extremity by Mycobacterium marinum in a 3-year-old boy--diagnosis by 16S-rDNA analysis.

1996

A 3-year-old boy developed several subcutaneous nodular lesions on his right arm. Based on the histological examination of one of these nodules furunculosis was suspected and cefuroxime was tentatively given. However, acid-fast bacilli were then detected in the tissue specimen and a few colonies of acid fast, gram-positive rods grew on blood agar. Definitive species diagnosis (Mycobacterium marinum) was rapidly achieved by automated sequencing of amplified 16S-rDNA and antimicrobial therapy was adjusted according to the available literature. After 3 weeks of treatment with clarithromycin, rifampicin and protionamid regression of the nodular lesions was evident.

LES TUMEURS PHYLLODES DU SEIN

1996

The authors report on their experience with six patients suffering from carcinoma phylloides of the breast and discuss the clinical and diagnostic characteristics of this rare neoplasm and its treatment. Clinical examination is the most important procedure in the diagnosis of this tumour of the breast. In most cases, ultrasonography, mammography and cytology are not helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis. Indeed is very difficult to identify valid criteria of differential diagnosis between this tumour and other breast neoplasms especially fibroadenoma. Limited surgery, consisting in a wide excision of the tumour, is the treatment of choice although a higher incidence of local recurre…

Cuestionarios de contenido moral en la Psicología anterior a la Primera Guerra Mundial

1996

This essay describes the first surveys of moral content conducted towards the end of the 19th Century and beginnings of the 20th Century. It explains that these measuring tools arise during the educational period, as a response to juvenile delinquency problems on the threshold of the 1st World War. Arising as an urgent response to social conflicts by the educational field, this essay reveals that the surveys are not covered by any psychological theory and, on the other hand, are basically orientated to measuring the moral understanding of children and adolescents, and not the evolution of structures that generate the moral development of those studied. This last is covered by the psycho-evo…

Marie : le culte de la Vierge dans la société médiévale

1996

ISBN : 2-7010-1338-0; Le 9 septembre 1995, 109 statues de la Vierge étaient bénies au Puy-en-Velay, un sanctuaire marial renommé depuis le Xe siècle au moins, avant de se disperser sous escorte motorisée pour reconvertir la France. A l'heure où Marie reprend ainsi du "service actif" et où ma mariologie confine parfois à la mariolâtrie, une équipe internationale d'historiens réunis autour de Georges Duby s'est décidé à revisiter le culte de la Vierge. Cette démarche collective s'efforce de penser dans leurs richesses parfois dérangeante les multiples figures de Marie ans l'occident chrétien sur un temps long, des IIe-IIIe siècles aux XIVe-XVe siècles, à partir d'une documentation étendue (ic…

Prehospital diagnosis in stroke patients-differentiation between cerebral ischemic events and cerebral hemorrhage

1996

A large number of stroke patients is treated by the Mainz-EMS during the first hours after the onset of symptoms. A combination of anamnestic and clinical variables included in the score prehospitally leads to the tentative diagnosis confirmed by CT-scan in the majority of cases. It should therefore be possible in the future to initiate specific therapy for stroke patients prehospitally.

La dispersione scolastica nella città di Palermo

1996

Strategy training in ESP acquisition processes: some criteria

1996

Este trabajo debate y propone cuáles son los criterios necesarios para establecer un programa de entrenamiento de aprendices de una lengua extranjera (inglés) según los supuestos de las estrategias de aprendizaje como área de estudio, dentro del campo de la adquisición de lenguas extranjeras y segundas lenguas. This work discusses and proposes which are the minimal necessary criteria to establish a training program for learners of a foreign language (English) following the principles of learning strategies as a field of study within the wider field of foreign and second language acquisition.

Il contributo del Polish Peasant alla metodologia della ricerca sociale

1996

Il saggio analizza il contributo fornito attraverso il "Polish Peasant" alla ricerca sociale e l'inserirsi di metodi qualitativi di indagine nell'analisi del fenomeno dell'immigrazione fra rigetto della differenza e assimilazione creativa. Descrive, inoltre, alcuni recenti sviluppi delle migrazioni cercando di individuarne confini e convergenze.

A linearization technique and error estimates for distributed parameter identification in quasilinear problems

1996

The identification problem of a nonlinear functional coefficient in elliptic and parabolic quasilinear equations is considered. A distributed observation of the solution of the corresponding equation is assumed to be known a priori. An identification method is introduced, which needs only a linear equation to be solved in each iteration step of the optimization. Estimates of the rate of convergence for the proposed approach are proved, when the equation is discretized with the finite element method with respect to space variables. Some numerical results are given.

Archives et historiographie des Internationales

1996

« Enquête sur l’alimentation dans une communauté religieuse en Bourgogne au XIIIe siècle d’après l’obituaire de Saint-Andoche d’Autun », in Alimentaz…

1996

International audience

Recensión de E. Villanueva (ed.), Naturalism and Normativivity

1996

Recensión de E. Villanueva (ed.), Naturalism and Normativity, Atascadero, Ridgeview, 1993.

Photoionization of Polarized Atoms Applications to Free Atoms and Ferromagnets

1996

Discussion of connections between different phenomena observed in seemingly different situations usually helps to better understanding of the physics of underlying processes. Some time ago Farago1 discussed analogies and contrasts between light polarization and electron spin polarization. He showed that though in both cases the same Stokes vector formalism2 can be applied, the analogies between them have rather limited validity. We will discuss here the applicability of equations derived for the description of photoionization of free polarized atoms3,4 to photoemission from ferromagnets5,6. We show that qualitative features of photoemission from core levels of ferromagnets are correctly rep…

Éléments factuels pour une réflexion sur le baccalauréat et son organisation

1996

150º Aniversari del naixement de Chabàs

1996

Roc Chabas (1844-1912) dóna nom a una epoca deis estudis histories valencians. Introductor del metode científic en la investigació, arxiver, edi­tor de textos i de documents, fou també el cap respectat d'una generació d'estudiosos i un patrici benemerit preocupat pels interessos culturals del país.

Microconstituants végétaux présumés protecteurs

1996

201 ref. chap. 24; National audience

Método analítico y transcendentalidad

1996

Pretendo, en el escaso tiempo de que dispongo en una ponencia de esta naturaleza, y en un contexto cuyo ritual nos obliga a una breve exposición y a un breve debate, exponer mis posiciones ante un problema vivo, pero quizá no afrontado directamente de la epistemología de la segunda mitad de nuestro siglo, por supuesto dentro de la llamada tradición analítica. No estoy seguro de que la expresión “filosofia analítica” sea un rótulo adecuado para ninguna tendencia, método o escuela de la actividad filosófica. En un sentido muy general y puede que trivial, aunque no estoy seguro, la filosofia es, desde sus orígenes, análisis: análisis del pensar y del ser, y de las condiciones de uno y otro. Si…

Diurnal blood pressure curve in children and adolescents

1996

Objective To investigate the diurnal blood pressure curve in healthy normotensive children. Thirty-one children were re-examined after a median interval of 123 days in order to study the reproducibility of the diurnal profile. Subjects Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and conventional blood pressure readings were obtained in 228 normotensive children, whose ages ranged from 6 to 16 years and of whom 116 were boys and 112 girls. Results The conventional blood pressure averaged 99+/-11/57+/-9 mmHg in boys and 98+/-12/56+/-9 mmHg in girls (means+/-SD); the corresponding 24 h pressures were 111+/-7/66+/-5 mmHg and 109+/-7/65+/-5 mmHg, respectively. Of the children, 83% had …

Analysis of image formation with a photon scanning tunneling microscope

1996

International audience; The photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is based on the frustration of a total internal reflected beam by the end of an optical fiber. Until now it has been used to obtain topographic information, generally for smooth samples. We report theoretical as well as experimental results on the observation of a step on a quartz substrate with the PSTM. These results demonstrate the effects on image formation of the distance between the fiber tip and the sample surface, the orientation of the incident beam with respect to the step, the polarization, and the coherence of the light. Good agreement exists between numerical simulations and experiments. We show that a pert…

Competitive Adsorption of Functionalized Polymers

1996

The adsorption and desorption of functionalized polystyrene-block-polybutadiene diblock copolymers from dilute solutions in toluene onto silicon wafers are investigated by means of null ellipsometry. The short polybutadiene block is functionalized by a reaction with 4-(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-triazolidin-4-yl)benzoic acid. On the average there are six functional groups per chain. The polystyrene block does not adsorb on the surface. The adsorption depends on the length of the polystyrene block, and chains with short polystyrene blocks yield higher surface coverage than larger ones. When short and long chains are put together, the short chains displace the long ones in equilibrium conditions nearly …

L’azienda speciale tra centralità normativa e marginalità di fatto

1996

Les groupements d'élèves dans l'école primaire rurale en France : efficacité pédagogique et intégration des élèves au collège

1996

"L'Oeuvre" d'Emile Zola

1996

International audience

Wright, Sewall, 1889-1988

1996

Trivial S-Matrices, Wigner-Von Neumann Resonances and Positon Solutions of the Integrable Nonlinear Evolution Equations

1996

It is well known that the scattering matrix is different from the unit matrix in the case of 1-dimensional Schrodinger operator with smooth rapidly decreasing nonzero potential. This no more true in the case of the slowly decreasing and oscillating potentials for which the absence of scattering is accompanied by the occurrence of the Wigner-von Neumann resonances embedded in the positive absolutely continuous spectrum. Taken as initial conditions in the KdV like integrable partial differential equations these potentials generate interesting family of explicit solutions. Below we will call them positon or multipositon solutions. The interaction of an arbitrary finite number of positons and s…

Dissipative terms of thermal nature in the theory of an ideal monoatomic superfluid

1996

A dissipative model of helium II was built up in previous works, using a 13-field extended thermodynamic theory formulated by Liu and Muller. In this work a generalization of such model is presented, where an extended thermodynamics with 14 fields due to Kremer is used. It is shown that the fourteenth field is able to account for the experimental data concerning the second sound attenuation. Further, the proposed theory is able to explain the Osborne experiment. Finally, a comparison with the two-fluid model is performed, emphasizing the different ways in which the dissipative phenomena are explained by the two theories.

Joji Yorikawa, Hegels Weg zum System. Die Entwicklung der Philosophie Hegels 1797-1803, Peter Lang: Frankfurt am Main, 1996, pp 226, Hb DM32

1996

Global atmospheric response to specific linear combinations of the main SST modes. Part I: numerical experiments and preliminary results

1996

Abstract. This article investigates through numerical experiments the controversial question of the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena on climate according to large-scale and regional-scale interhemispheric thermal contrast. Eight experiments (two considering only inversed Atlantic thermal anomalies and six combining ENSO warm phase with large-scale interhemispheric contrast and Atlantic anomaly patterns) were performed with the Météo-France atmospheric general circulation model. The definition of boundary conditions from observed composites and principal components is presented and preliminary results concerning the month of August, especially over West Africa and the …

Soittamisen motivaatio varhaisnuorilla

1996

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan varhaisnuorten soittamisen motivaatiota ja siihen vaikuttavia keskeisimpiä taustatekijöitä. Aiempia tutkimuksia aiheesta on erittäin vähän. Musiikillinen maailma ympärillämme on muuttunut voimakkaasti viime aikoina. Se on luonut tarpeita niin koulun musiikinopetuksen kuin vapaa-aikana tapahtuvan soitonopetuksen kehittämiselle. Käytännön kokemusten lisäksi opetuksen kehittämiseksi tarvitaan myös tutkimustietoa. Teoriaosassa motivaatiota analysoidaan eksistentiaalisen fenomenologian mukaisesti soittajan koke muksena, osana hänen koko eksistenssiään. Motivaatio koostuu erilaisista sisällöltään, kestoltaan ja voimakkuudeltaan vaihtelevista motiiveista, joista osa on …

Modificación genética del Ascomycete Aspergillus terreus/

1996

La movilidad intrínseca del cotilo

1996

El cotilo o acetábulo es de todos conocido como una de las piezas fundamentales del anillo pelviano y junto con el fémur forma la articulación de la cadera. El anillo pelviano consta de 2 alas ilíacas y el sacro; tiene forma ojival con bóveda a nivel de este último. El soporte del tronco y sus componentes reciben lógicamente las intensas presiones de la parte superior del cuerpo, así como asumir las demandas que la bipedestación lleva consigo.

Las brigadas hidrológicas de la Junta General de Estadística (1859-1867)

1996

Hiperpresión intraósea de la rótula como causa de dolor femoropatelar

1996

Al igual que lo que sucede en la epífisis proximal del fémur afecta de necrosis isquémica, en la que se ha demostrado un aumento en la presión intraósea relacional con el dolor en fases evolutivas precoces, se ha propuesto al aumento de presión intraósea de la rótula como causa del dolor femoropatelar. El presente artículo hace una revisión de los datos disponibles en la literatura con respecto a la existencia real de dicha hiperpresión, sus manifestaciones clínicas y posibilidades terapéuticas. La evidencia tanto clínica como experimental hace considerar esta alteración como un factor importante en la etiología del dolor femoropatelar como manifestación de una cadena de cambios degenerativ…

Novedades florísticas sorianas II

1996

Conocimiento y afecto en el desarrollo moral de las personas : efectos diferenciadores del sexo en cuanto a la empatía y al pensamiento moral

1996

The central objective is the evaluation of moral judgment and the disposition to respond in an empathic way in the adolescent population, with regard to two variables: gender and age. The sample consists of 339 individuals (men and women) that study the following courses: primary education (94 individuals), years 5-6 (51 individuals), year 7 (45 individuals), year 8 (66 individuals), year 9 (60 individuals) and year 10 (23 individuals): all of ages between 12 and 19. The tools used are: Defining Issue Test (DIT) by J. Rest (1979), Empathy index for children and adolescents by Bryant (1982), Auto report of Altruism by Rushton (1981). Regarding the results, it is again observed that adolescen…