Neutral volatile compounds in the raw milks from different species

1993

SummaryA comparative study was carried out on the flavour constituents of bovine, ovine, caprine and water buffalo fresh raw milks. The volatiles were isolated from milks by means of vacuum distillation and liquid–liquid extraction. Eighty neutral volatile compounds were identified using high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and HRGC-mass spectrometry. About 30 of these components have not been detected previously in milk. The volatiles in milk were similar for the four species, although several quantitative differences might explain the different odours. The volatiles consisted mainly of ethyl esters, especially those derived from butyric and hexanoic acids. Dimethylsulphone alone comp…

The Lung in Inflammatory Bowel Disease†

1993

Respiratory involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported mainly since 1976. This form of involvement should clearly be separated from interstitial lung disease due to sulfasalazine or mesalamine, although the distinction may be difficult in some cases. We report the data of an ongoing Registry containing 33 cases (23 cases receiving no drug therapy) with ulcerative colitis or, less often, Crohn's disease, who developed varied bronchopulmonary problems. In several cases, the exact diagnosis and the relation of the bronchopulmonary disease to IBD had not been established for many years, thus delaying effective treatment with steroids. In most cases (28/33), …

Approximations and Metric Regularity in Mathematical Programming in Banach Space

1993

This paper establishes verifiable conditions ensuring the important notion of metric regularity for general nondifferentiable programming problems in Banach spaces. These conditions are used to obtain Lagrange-Kuhn-Tucker multipliers for minimization problems with infinitely many inequality and equality constraints.

Determination of temperature by stimulated raman scattering of molecular nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

1993

We have determined the temperature from SRS spectra of N2-N2, N2-CO2, O2-O2, and CO2-CO2 recorded in wide pressure and temperature ranges. The fitting procedure takes simultaneously into account the Dicke effect and motional narrowing. We have quantified the accuracy of the MEG and ECS-P models for rotational relaxation. The temperature extracted from each model is compared with thermocouple measurements. The influence of vibrational broadening and shifting is discussed in detail.

Oxidative cyclization of some aldehyde semicarbazones induced by metallic salts

1993

The oxidative cyclization of some aldehyde semicarbazones 10 with four different oxidizing agents has been effected. The structure of the semicarbazones and the nature of cyclizing agent affected the rate and yield of cyclization but they did not show any influence on the regiochemistry of reaction. In fact, 1,2,4-triazoline 20 was the only heterocyclic ring obtained by the cyclization reaction.

THÉORIES DE LA DISTRIBUTIONET PRATIQUE DE l’EDI CHEZAUCHAN

1993

International audience; Les conséquences de l’introduction de l’EDI chez un granddistributeur, la Société AUCHAN, sont ici présentése sousune double perspective : théorique, reprenant les modèlesexplicatifs du fonctionnement et de l’évolution des canauxde distribution et pratique, en livrant les reflexions d’un desdirigeants de cette chaîne d’hypermarchés. Dans la secondepartie, l’article propose un exemple de méthodologie pour lamise en place de l’EDI.

Variations in haemolymph ionized calcium concentrations in the crustacean Orchestia cavimana during a moult cycle

1993

Abstract Measurements of ionized calcium concentration in the haemolymph of the semi-terrestrial crustacean Orchestia cavimana were taken during the 14 successive moulting stages by ion-selective electrode direct potentiometry on pooled samples. Ionized calcium showed major variations associated with the moult cycle. Titres were low and relatively stable in intermoult and early premoult, then progressively increased during mid and late premoult to reach maximal values just at exuviation, and rapidly fell down during the postmoult. The variations of the ionized fraction showed a close correlation with those of the calcaemia (= total fraction), suggesting the presence of efficient haemolympha…

Curves as measured foliation on noncompact surfaces

1993

In the present work, that regards the Thurston's theory, we prove that, if we choose a closed curve, how we wish, on a noncompact surface, it is always possible to construct a particular masured foliation that has the choosed curve like a leaf; we also prove this foliation has a remarkable property that makes very easy to mesure all homotopy classes of closed curves of our surface. To prove this statement we need some Propositions and some Lemma that we also demonstre.

Wastewater treatment in Valencia city (Spain)

1993

Our objective is to determine the changes in the wastewater treatment process in the city of Valencia by taking into account population changes during the period 1983–1990. We have consulted analytical data and information regarding this volume of water treated in a biological treatment plant of activated sludge; data was collected daily and introduced into a data matrix from which the distribution and central tendency measures were calculated. We then obtained the correlations of the different parameters according to population variations. We observed an increase in the volume of water treated during our study period: from 74,220 m3/day in 1983 to 183,850 m3/day in 1990. This was in contra…

Chemical degradation products of lignin and humic substances part I Synthesis, structure verification and gas chromatographic separation of chlorinat…

1993

Abstract Chlorinated vanillins (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehydes) and syringaldehydes (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehydes) were synthesized and their purities and structures were examined by quartz capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The detailed procedures for the synthesis, gas chromatographic separation and mass spectroscopic features are presented.

Classical and Connectionist Models: Levels of Description

1993

To begin, I introduce an analysis of interlevel relations that allows us to offer an initial characterization of the debate about the way classical and connectionist models relate. Subsequently, I examine a compatibility thesis and a conditional claim on this issue. With respect to the compatibility thesis, I argue that, even if classical and connectionist models are not necessarily incompatible, the emergence of the latter seems to undermine the best arguments for the Language of Thought Hypothesis, which is essential to the former. I attack the conditional claim of connectionism to eliminativism, presented by Ramsey et al. (1990), by discrediting their discrete characterization of common-…

Thermal conduction and modeling of static stellar coronal loops

1993

We have modeled stellar coronal loops in static conditions for a wide range of loop length, plasma pressure at the base of the loop and stellar surface gravity, so as to describe physical conditions that can occur in coronae of stars ranging from low mass dwarfs to giants as well as on a significant fraction of the Main-Sequence stars.

A Targeted Problem and Its Solution

1993

Cytochromes c. Evolutionary, Structural, and Physicochemical Aspects. (Reihe: Springer Series in Molecular Biology.) VonG. R. Moore undG. W. Pettigre…

1993

Alterations in the antioxidant defense of peripheral nervous tissue following acute ethanol administration

1993

The calculation of the first positive Lyapunov exponent in sleep EEG data

1993

To help determine if the EEG is quasiperiodic or chaotic we performed a new analysis by calculating the first positive Lyapunov exponent L1 from sleep EEG data. Lyapunov exponents measure the mean exponential expansion or contraction of a flow in phase space. L1 is zero for periodic as well as quasiperiodic processes, but positive in case of chaotic processes expressing the sensitive dependence on initial conditions. We calculated L1 for sleep EEG segments of 15 healthy male subjects corresponding to sleep stages I, II, III, IV and REM (according to Rechtschaffen and Kales). Our investigations support the assumption that EEG signals are neither quasiperiodic waves nor simple noise. Moreover…

La diagnostica delle malattie infettive: Tra metafora del passato e itinerario nel futuro

1993

A global emergency is threatening mankind, awakening dead ghosts and causing alarm about our present and future: it is the apparently irreversible spread of infectious diseases.This critical and worrying situation should be acknowledged and carefully followed by the radiological profession since all of us – teachers, specialists, professionals – have to deal with imaging diagnostic modalities deriving information from a deceitful and camouflageing anatomo-functional substratum.The increasing spread of infectious diseases is due to a wide range of concomitant factors: HIV infection, drug addiction, migration fenomena and the related opportunistic infections combined with poor hygienic, physi…

Red Cell Membrane Protein Lateral Mobility in Vascular Atherosclerotic Disease: Preliminary Report

1993

Pneumatoceles and pneumothoraces complicating staphylococcal pneumonia: treatment by synchronous independent lung ventilation.

1993

A 54 year old man with a staphylococcal sepsis developed staphylococcal pneumonia complicated by multiple pneumatoceles and bilateral tension pneumothoraces caused by bronchopleural fistulae. Excessive enlargement of the right sided pneumatoceles and a tension pneumothorax not improved by drainage led to mediastinal shift and compression of the right lung. Reversal of the mediastinal shift and closure of the bronchopleural fistulae was achieved by assisted independent lung ventilation.

Hypnotic hypo- and hyperalgesia: divergent effects on pain ratings and pain-related cerebral potentials.

1993

Pain ratings and pain-related cerebral potentials in response to noxious stimuli were investigated under hypnotic hypo- or hyperalgesia. Out of a sample of 50 subjects the 10 most highly hypnotizable were selected using the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Phasic pain was induced by brief electrical stimuli intracutaneously applied to the subject's left middle finger. The subjects took part in three experimental sessions. The first session was without hypnosis for familiarization with the experimental surroundings. In the two other sessions, the subjects were hypnotized and given a suggestion of analgesia or hyperalgesia with respect to pain sensation in the left hand. The sequence o…

Exploring the social and sexual “reality” of contemporary pornography

1993

What are the social roles assumed by men and women in contemporary sexually explicit movies, and in what contexts are their actions portrayed? Perhaps more important, have the predominant themes of pornography shifted in response to the public scrutiny and criticism popular in the mid‐1980s? In this investigation we addressed these questions using a random sample of 50 pornographic videotapes drawn from an archive of essentially all such materials targeted for heterosexual consumers available in the international marketplace from 1979 to 1988. The findings revealed that some thematic aspects of modern pornographic movies have shifted over time. Significant increases were evident in the freq…

Low temperature plasma treatment of monomolecular Langmuir-Blodgett films

1993

Abstract The structure of the surface layer of materials is usually quite different from the bulk. Detailed information about the surface structure is often not available. This, together with the complex nature of low temperature plasma treatment, hinders the investigations of plasma chemical processes on solid surfaces. Monomolecular Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) structures offer a unique opportunity to prepare model surfaces with known thickness and molecular architecture. From the data obtained, the depth of the Ar plasma influence on solid organic surfaces was estimated to be about 400–1000 A depending on the nature of the surface layer. An oxygen plasma penetrates deeper with a penetration li…

Electrical magnitudes in gravitational and centrifugal systems

1993

Abstract A new formulation to study the non-equilibrium processes in gravitational and centrifugal electrochemical systems is developed. The driving forces and the fluxes are measurable quantities. The electrical equilibrium and the pure electrical conduction are described in an evident, simple and exact manner. Theoretical expressions of the emf for several gravitational cells are shown. Some differences are observed with those given in the literature ( eg the terminals density does not appear). The electrochemical potential of ion species is the basic piece in this study.

Radiative Decays of the P-Wave Charmed Mesons

1993

Minor (mainly numerical) corrections.

Synthesis and structural, spectroscopic and magnetic characterization of iron(II) and iron(III) complexes of N-2-pyridinylcarbonyl-2-pyridinecarboxim…

1993

Abstract One iron(II) complex of N -2-pyridinylcarbonyl-2-pyridinecarboximidate monoanion (bpca), [Fe(bpca) 2 ]·H 2 O ( 1 ), and three iron(III) complexes, [Fe(bpca)Cl 2 (H 2 O)]·(CH 3 ) 2 CO ( 2 ), [Fe(bpca) 2 ](NO 3 )·1.67H 2 O ( 3 ), [Fe(bpca) 2 ](ClO 4 ) ( 4 ), have been prepared and characterized by means of IR, UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements, where appropriate. The crystal structures of 1 – 3 have been determined from single crystal X-ray data, showing that the metallic ions are surrounded in all cases by distorted octahedral coordination spheres. From magnetic measurements it is evident that compounds 1 and 3 are practically in the low-spin state…

Differences in gene activity in a Drosophila species cluster belonging to the Obscura group

1993

The polytene chromosome puffing pattern of Drosophila madeirensis was established and compared with those of the related species D. subobscura and D. guanche. A total of 145 loci, active in some of the 12 developmental stages analysed, were described, 38 of which were found to form the puffing pattern characteristic to this species. Taking into account the number of puffs as well as the mean puff expression, D. madeirensis shows a similar activity level to D. guanche, both species being less active than D. subobscura. The low gene activity of D. madeirensis and D. guanche was explained as a consequence of their ecological characteristics.

Monte Carlo simulation of polymeric materials: Recent progress

1993

Monte Carlo simulations are presented, dealing with phase diagrams of block copolymer melts and polymer blends, including the unmixing kinetics of the latter systems. The theoretical background is briefly reviewed: Ginzburg-type criteria reveal that in mixtures of long flexible polymers a “crossover” occurs from mean-field behavior (as described by Flory-Huggins theory) to nonclassical Ising-type behavior, and spinodal curves can be unusually sharp. This crossover is demonstrated by large scale simulations of the bond fluctuation model, and it is also shown that for symmetric mixtures the critical temperature scales with chain length as Tc α N. The prefactor in this relation is distinctly s…

Nucleotide sequence of a Trichophyton mentagrophytes HindIII mitochondrial DNA fragment containing at RNA gene cluster

1993

A 0.85-kb HindIII mitochondrial DNA fragment of the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes has been sequenced. The fragment contains eight complete genes which corresponds to a tRNA gene cluster. From 5′ to 3′, the sequenced genes code for tRNAthr, tRNAglu, tRNAval, tRNAmet1, tRNAmet3, tRNAleu, tRNAala, and tRNAphe. This tRNA gene cluster is located downstream of the larger ribosomal RNA gene. The particularities ofthe sequenced genes and their comparison with other fungal tRNA mitochondrial genes are reported.

Inversion of matrix pencils for generalized systems

1993

Abstract This paper clarifies the nature of the Leverrier-Faddeev algorithm for generalized and state-space systems. It presents useful diagrams for recursive computation of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial and the coefficient matrices of the adjoint matrix for various matrix pencils. A simplified case covers recursive equations and diagrams for inversion of the second-order matrix pencil (Es2 + A1s + A0) where E may be singular. The appendix provides two examples of mechanical and heat exchange systems which can be described by the generalized models.

Repetitive‐Synthesis of Bulky Dendrimers – A Reversibly Photoactive Dendrimer with Six Azobenzene Side Chains

1993

Dendrimers with bulky repeating units containing up to 43 benzene rings (in 9) have been obtained by using a repetitive divergent synthetic strategy (three generations). The new functional dendrimer 13 containing six azobenzene units at the periphery was synthesized allowing a reversible switching of the shape and size of the molecule upon irradiation. An X-ray structure analysis of the dendritic molecule 3a shows the inclusion of acetonitrile.

Existence and uniqueness of solutions to superdifferential equations

1993

Abstract We state and prove the theorem of existence and uniqueness of solutions to ordinary superdifferential equations on supermanifolds. It is shown that any supervector field, X = X0 + X1, has a unique integral flow, Г: R 1¦1 x (M, AM) → (M, AM), satisfying a given initial condition. A necessary and sufficient condition for this integral flow to yield an R 1¦1-action is obtained: the homogeneous components, X0, and, X1, of the given field must define a Lie superalgebra of dimension (1, 1). The supergroup structure on R 1¦1, however, has to be specified: there are three non-isomorphic Lie supergroup structures on R 1¦1, all of which have addition as the group operation in the underlying …

The introduction of modern physics: overcoming a deformed vision of science

1993

In this paper, we try to show initially that modern physics is usually introduced in high school curricula without reference to the difficulties of classical physics, simply juxtaposing the two paradigms or even mixing them up. As a result, serious misconceptions arise. We then present another way of introducing modern physics, based on a constructivist view of science learning, and give some results obtained with the new materials.

Sol-gel produced humidity sensor

1993

Abstract The sol-gel produced polycrystalline Prussian Blue thick films as planar humidity sensors have been investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The equivalent circuit used allows simulation in all the investigated r.h. range (10–100%). The region of changes of sample resistance is about five orders, which is enough for high measuring sensitivity.

Glutathione metabolism in skeletal muscle derived cells of the L6 line

1993

Skeletal muscle derived L6 myoblasts possess a considerably high resting total glutathione (TGSH) pool. Exposure to L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulphoximine resulted in a 90% depletion of the intracellular TGSH pool. All the key enzymes of glutathione metabolism, especially glutathione S-transferase, were observed to be considerably active in the undifferentiated cells. Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity appeared to account for most of the total GSH peroxidase activity of the cells. A significant contribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-independent (5 mM acivicin insensitive) mechanism to the extracellular GSH uptake capacity of the muscle cells was evident. Efflux of oxidized glutath…

Number of metastable states of a chain with competing and anharmonicΦ4−like interactions

1993

We investigate the number of metastable configurations of a Φ 4 -like model with competing and anharmonic interactions as a function of an effective coupling constant η. The model has piecewise harmonic nearest-neighbor and harmonic next-nearerst-neighbor interactions. The number M of metastable states in the configuration space increases exponentially with the number N of particles: M∞exp(vN). It is shown numerically that, outside the previously considered range |η|<1/3, v is approximately linearly decreasing with η for |η|<1 and that v=0 for η≥1. These findings can be understood by describing the metastable configurations as an arrangement of kink solitons whose width creases with η

Changes in the density of microtubular networks in mesophyll cells and mesophyll derived protoplasts of Nicotiana and Triticum during leaf development

1993

Changes in the density of microtubular mesh-works were analysed in mesophyll cells and mesophyll derived protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum L. and Triticum aestivum L. during leaf development. The main purpose of this study was to test whether the low density, if not lack, of microtubular networks recently described in protoplasts that had been isolated from fully differentiated mesophyll cells happened during protoplast isolation or whether the loss of microtubules actually occurred during differentiation of the leaf tissue. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the density of the microtubular cytoskeleton in the leaf tissue decreased steadily after cessation of cell growth in both speci…