showing 36 of ~574560 from 574555 documents
Strengthened splitting methods for computing resolvents
2021
In this work, we develop a systematic framework for computing the resolvent of the sum of two or more monotone operators which only activates each operator in the sum individually. The key tool in the development of this framework is the notion of the “strengthening” of a set-valued operator, which can be viewed as a type of regularisation that preserves computational tractability. After deriving a number of iterative schemes through this framework, we demonstrate their application to best approximation problems, image denoising and elliptic PDEs. FJAA and RC were partially supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain and the European Regional Development Fund …
Pro-inflammatory T helper 17 directly harms oligodendrocytes in neuroinflammation.
2021
Significance Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory, demyelinating disease that represents one of the most frequent causes of irreversible disability in young adults. Treatment options to halt disability are limited. We discovered that T helper (Th)17 cells in contact with oligodendrocytes produce higher levels of glutamate and induce significantly greater oligodendrocyte damage than their Th2 counterpart. Blockade of CD29, which is linked to glutamate release pathways and expressed in high levels on Th17 cells, preserved human oligodendrocyte processes from Th17-mediated injury. Our data thus provide evidence for the direct and deleterious attack of Th17 cells on the myelin compart…
The Rockefeller Foundation and the League of Nations: Public Health in Europe (1920-1945)
2021
The Rockefeller Foundation (RF) and the League of Nations (LON) played a fundamental role in stabilization policies during the interwar period. Public health became essential in this context due to the immediate consequences of the war, the post-war economic crisis and the Great Depression. RF and LON became the cornerstone of international action in several fields: epidemics, famine, malnutrition, infectious diseases, infant mortality, drug abuse, biological and dietary standard-setting, epidemiological records, public health policies and professionalization. In the shaping international health expertise, LON and RF collaboration was extremely important, in terms of determining goals and p…
Two Decades of Progress in the Asymmetric Intramolecular aza-Michael Reaction.
2021
The asymmetric intramolecular aza-Michael reaction (IMAMR) is a very convenient strategy for the generation of heterocycles bearing nitrogen-substituted stereocenters. Due to the ubiquitous presence of these skeletons in natural products, the IMAMR has found widespread applications in the total synthesis of alkaloids and biologically relevant compounds. The development of asymmetric versions of the IMAMR are quite recent, most of them reported in this century. The fundamental advances in this field involve the use of organocatalysts. Chiral imidazolidinones, diaryl prolinol derivatives, Cinchone-derived primary amines and quaternary ammonium salts, and BINOL-derived phosphoric acids account…
The Heritage of Ibn Sīnā’s Concept of the Self
2021
If the historical importance of a philosopher is measured by her influence, Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdallāh ibn Sīnā, the Latin Avicenna (d. 1037 CE), should merit an uncontested entry in even the narrowest of canons. The development of Islamic philosophy and theology in the so-called post-classical period, that is, from the twelfth century CE down to the dawn of the postcolonial era, is unthinkable without him. By the same token, the Latin translations of a portion of his works were pivotal for the scholastic renaissance of Aristotelian philosophy in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and many Avicennian ideas, such as his modal metaphysics and its theological implications or his theor…
Kuurojen turvapaikanhakijoiden kielikäsityksien muokkautuminen turvapaikkaprosessin aikana
2021
Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan kahden kuuron turvapaikanhakijan, Monan ja Omarin, kielikäsityksiä haastatteluaineiston pohjalta. Artikkelin tavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä siitä, miten turvapaikkaprosessin aikaiset kokemukset kielistä ovat muokanneet haastateltavien käsityksiä kielistä ja kielikäytänteistä. Tutkimus perustuu lingvistiseen etnografiaan teoreettisena ja metodologisena lähestymistapana. Aineisto koostuu kolmesta etnografisesta haastattelusta, jotka tehtiin vuosina 2015–2017 vastaanottokeskuksissa ja haastateltavien uudessa kodissa. Aineisto on analysoitu sisällönanalyysin avulla. Tutkimuksesta selviää, että haastateltavien kielikäsitykset ovat muokkautuneet tilassa, ajassa …
Orientacja rynkowa jako determinanta kształtowania i rozwoju koncepcji logistyki
2021
Przedsiębiorstwa stale poszukują sposobów tworzenia i utrzymywania przewagi konkurencyjnej. W budowaniu tej przewagi istotną rolę odgrywa koncepcja logistyki. Kształtowanie i rozwój koncepcji logistyki pozostają pod wpływem różnych czynników, wśród których ważne miejsce zajmuje orientacja rynkowa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie uwarunkowań oraz najważniejszych kierunków oddziaływania orientacji rynkowej na kształtowanie i rozwój koncepcji logistyki. W artykule przedstawiono w szczególności: (1) istotę i podstawowe wyznaczniki orientacji rynkowej, (2) podstawowe determinanty orientacji rynkowej, (3) orientację rynkową przedsiębiorstwa na tle innych koncepcji biznesowych wyrażających pode…
Using Wave Propagation Simulations and Convolutional Neural Networks to Retrieve Thin Film Thickness from Hyperspectral Images
2021
Ill-posed inversion problems are one of the major challenges when there is a need to combine measurements with the theory and numerical model. In this study, we demonstrate the use of wave propagation simulations to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for retrieving sub-wavelength thickness profiles of thin film coatings from hyperspectral images. The simulations are produced by solving numerically one-dimensional wave equation with a method based on Discrete Exterior Calculus (DEC). This approach provides a powerful tool to produce large sets of training data for the neural network. CNN was verified by simulated verification sets and measured reflectance spectra, both of which showe…
Wnt signaling recruits KIF2A to the spindle to ensure chromosome congression and alignment during mitosis
2021
Canonical Wnt signaling plays critical roles in development and tissue renewal by regulating β-catenin target genes. Recent evidence showed that β-catenin–independent Wnt signaling is also required for faithful execution of mitosis. However, the targets and specific functions of mitotic Wnt signaling still remain uncharacterized. Using phosphoproteomics, we identified that Wnt signaling regulates the microtubule depolymerase KIF2A during mitosis. We found that Dishevelled recruits KIF2A via its N-terminal and motor domains, which is further promoted upon LRP6 signalosome formation during cell division. We show that Wnt signaling modulates KIF2A interaction with PLK1, which is critical for K…
Platelet proteome analysis reveals an early hyperactive phenotype in SARS-CoV-2-infected humanized ACE2 mice
2021
AbstractCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) provokes a hypercoagulable state with increased incidence of thromboembolism and mortality. Platelets are major effectors of thrombosis and hemostasis. Suitable animal models are needed to better understand COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) and underlying platelet phenotypes. Here, we assessed K18-hACE2 mice undergoing a standardized SARS-CoV-2 infection protocol to study dynamic platelet responses via mass spectrometry-based proteomics. In total, we found significant changes in >1,200 proteins. Strikingly, protein alterations occurred rapidly by 2 days post-infection (dpi) and preceded outward clinical signs of severe disease. Pathway enr…
Six-Step Gram-Scale Synthesis of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir Sodium
2021
This is the accepted manuscript version of the work published in its final form as Dietz, Jule-Philipp; Lucas, Tobias; Groß, Jonathan; Seitel, Sebastian; Brauer, Jan; Ferenc, Dorota; Gupton, B. Frank; Opatz, Till. Organic Process Research & Development; Volume: 25; Issue: 11; Pages: 1898-1910; https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00139. Deposited by shareyourpaper.org and openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright. However, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing help@openaccessbutton.org.
Tutkimuksen kohteena vuorovaikutuksen käytänteet ja keinot
2021
Establishing the Convergent Validity of the Travel Habit Questions in the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Questionnaire by Quantifying Active…
2021
BackgroundActive travel (cycling or walking to school) can be a substantial part of adolescents' daily physical activity. Research on transport activities primarily relies on self-reported indices of travel mode and travel time. However, many researchers do not report the psychometric properties of their instruments. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire is a commonly used instrument, but the items in this questionnaire on travel habits have not yet been validated. The present study was conducted to investigate the convergent validity and agreement between the HBSC items and a travel diary on (1) transport mode to and from school and (2) travel time to school.Meth…
1.5 vs 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging
2021
ABSTRACT: The second part of this review deals with experiences in neuroradiological and pediatric examinations using modern magnetic resonance imaging systems with 1.5 T and 3 T, with special attention paid to experiences in pediatric cardiac imaging. In addition, whole-body examinations, which are widely used for diagnostic purposes in systemic diseases, are compared with respect to the image quality obtained in different body parts at both field strengths. A systematic overview of the technical differences at 1.5 T and 3 T has been presented in part 1 of this review, as well as several organ-based magnetic resonance imaging applications including musculoskeletal imaging, abdominal imagin…
N6 -Methyladenosine Modification in Chronic Stress Response Due to Social Hierarchy Positioning of Mice
2021
Appropriately responding to stressful events is essential for maintaining health and well-being of any organism. Concerning social stress, the response is not always as straightforward as reacting to physical stressors, e.g., extreme heat, and thus has to be balanced subtly. Particularly, regulatory mechanisms contributing to gaining resilience in the face of mild social stress are not fully deciphered yet. We employed an intrinsic social hierarchy stress paradigm in mice of both sexes to identify critical factors for potential coping strategies. While global transcriptomic changes could not be observed in male mice, several genes previously reported to be involved in synaptic plasticity, l…
Suomenkielisten lukiolaisten L2-ruotsin ääntäminen ja sen ymmärrettävyys
2021
Lektio soveltavan kielitieteen oppiaineeseen sijoittuvan väitöskirjan tarkastustilaisuudessa Jyväskylän yliopistossa 24.10.2020. nonPeerReviewed
Newton Method for Minimal Learning Machine
2021
Minimal Learning Machine (MLM) is a distance-based supervised machine learning method for classification and regression problems. Its main advances are simple formulation and fast learning. Computing the MLM prediction in regression requires a solution to the optimization problem, which is determined by the input and output distance matrix mappings. In this paper, we propose to use the Newton method for solving this optimization problem in multi-output regression and compare the performance of this algorithm with the most popular Levenberg–Marquardt method. According to our knowledge, MLM has not been previously studied in the context of multi-output regression in the literature. In additio…
A Combination of Celecoxib and Glucosamine Sulfate Has Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Effects: Results from an In Vitro Study on Human Osteo…
2021
This study investigated the possible anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of a combination of celecoxib and prescription-grade glucosamine sulfate (GS) in human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes and their possible mechanism of action. Chondrocytes were treated with celecoxib (1.85 µM) and GS (9 µM), alone or in combination with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) and a specific nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor (BAY-11-7082, 1 µM). Gene expression and release of some pro-inflammatory mediators, metalloproteinases (MMPs), and type II collagen (Col2a1) were evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA
La formación tecnológica del profesorado de música en educación secundaria; un estudio de intervención basado en la integración de contenidos musical…
2021
El presente trabajo de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio forma parte de un trabajo de mayor alcance realizado en Chile y España. Su objetivo ha sido fortalecer la formación tecnológica de los futuros profesores de música en Ed. Secundaria mediante el diseño, la implementación y la evaluación de una materia en dos cohortes consecutivas (cohortes 2017 y 2018, n= 81). En el diseño de intervención se tuvo en cuenta en su diseño componentes de alfabetización tecnológica, y dos estrategias de aprendizaje: proyectos (ABP) y trabajo cooperativo. La novedad del diseño consiste en la adaptación de un marco teórico de integración de contenidos disciplinares-tecnológicos-pedagógicos denominado TPACK q…
A Novel System for Semiautomatic Sample Processing in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: Increasing Throughput without Impacting on Molecular Monitoring at T…
2021
Molecular testing of the BCR-ABL1 transcript via real-time quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction is the most sensitive approach for monitoring the response to tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors therapy in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. Each stage of the molecular procedure has been standardized and optimized, including the total white blood cells (WBCs) and RNA isolation methods. Here, we compare the performance of our current manual protocol to a newly semiautomatic method based on the Biomek i-5 Automated Workstations integrated with the CytoFLEX Flow Cytometer, followed by the automatic QIAsymphony system to facilitate high-throughput processing samples and reduce the hands-on time a…
Study of the process e+e−→ϕη at center-of-mass energies between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV
2021
We study the process e^+e^− → π^+π^−ηγ, where the photon is radiated from the initial state. About 8000 fully reconstructed events of this process are selected from the BABAR data sample with an integrated luminosity of 469 fb^(-1). Using the π^+π^−η invariant mass spectrum, we measure the e^+e^− → π^+π^−η cross section in the e^+e^− center-of-mass energy range from 1.15 to 3.5 GeV. The cross section is well described by the Vector-Meson dominance model with four ρ-like states. We observe 49±9 events of the J/ψ decay to π^+π^−η and measure the product Γ_(J/Ψ → e^+e^−)B_(J/Ψ → π^+π^−η) = 2.34 ± 0.43_(stat) ± 0.16_(syst) eV.
UV Protection: Historical Perspectives and State‐of‐the‐Art Achievements
2021
Validation of Knee KL-classifying Deep Neural Network with Finnish Patient Data
2021
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease in the world. The diagnosis of OA is currently made by human experts and suffers from subjectivity, but recently new promising detection algorithms have been developed. We validated the current state-of-the-art KL-classifying neural network model for knee OA using knee X-rays taken from postmenopausal women suffering from knee pain attributable to OA. The performance of the model on the clinical data was considerably lower compared to the previous results on population-based test data. This suggests that the performance of the current grading methods is not yet adequate to be applied in clinical settings. The present results also …
Effect of estrogen in malignant melanoma
2021
Background Melanoma is associated with poor prognosis in its advanced stages. Potential influence of estrogen and its metabolites on melanoma growth has been suggested. Aims The objective of this review was to provide an overview on the evidence related to estrogen in malignant melanoma. Materials and methods Literature search using PubMed, Google Scholar and relevant cross-references of the retrieved articles was performed to review relevant published articles related to estrogen and its effects in malignant melanoma. Results Effect of estrogen signaling on a tissue largely depends on the relative expression of estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. Gender differences in melanoma may be explaine…
Shear-Thinning in Oligomer Melts—Molecular Origins and Applications
2021
We investigate the molecular origin of shear-thinning in melts of flexible, semiflexible and rigid oligomers with coarse-grained simulations of a sheared melt. Entanglements, alignment, stretching and tumbling modes or suppression of the latter all contribute to understanding how macroscopic flow properties emerge from the molecular level. In particular, we identify the rise and decline of entanglements with increasing chain stiffness as the major cause for the non-monotonic behaviour of the viscosity in equilibrium and at low shear rates, even for rather small oligomeric systems. At higher shear rates, chains align and disentangle, contributing to shear-thinning. By performing simulations …
Unsupervised Numerical Characterization in Determining the Borders of Malignant Skin Tumors from Spectral Imagery
2021
For accurate removal of malignant skin tumors, it is crucial to assure the complete removal of the lesions. In the case of certain ill-defined tumors, it is clinically challenging to see the true borders of the tumor. In this paper, we introduce several computationally efficient approaches based on spectral imaging to guide clinicians in delineating tumor borders. First, we present algorithms that can be used effectively with simulated skin reflectance data. By using simulated data, we gain detailed information about the sensitivity of the different approaches and how variables defined by algorithms act in the skin model. Second, we demonstrate the performance of the algorithms with spectra…
Emotional intelligence in Greek teacher education : Findings from a short intervention
2021
AbstractEmotional intelligence (EI) is widely known to be crucial for professional development in education, and it is a curricular component of Greek teacher education. Still, there is little information available on student teachers’ EI. The aim of this study was to explore whether student teachers’ trait EI can be developed through a two-week, EI-focused intervention. The study followed a quasi-experimental design with a mixed method approach, using the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (Greek version) (N = 42) and reflective emotion diaries (N = 19). The participants were third-year undergraduate students studying primary education and teaching at the University of C…
Combination therapy of recalcitrant severe psoriasis with psoriatic arthritis, diabetes nephropathy, and liver cirrhosis
2021
Objective Treatment of recalcitrant moderate-to-severe psoriasis can be challenging. Combination therapy of biologics and immunosuppressive agents can be a new strategy for treating therapy-resistant cases with comorbidities, where many systemic medications are contraindicated. Case presentation We report a case of a 62-year-old diabetic man with a 30-year history of severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis with cirrhosis and diabetic nephropathy that was treated successfully in combination with apremilast and etanercept after multiple previous unsuccessful treatment attempts. Conclusion There are no data supporting the combination of apremilast and etanercept in the management of re…
Atomic Ionization by Scalar Dark Matter and Solar Scalars
2021
We calculate the cross-sections of atomic ionization by absorption of scalar particles in the energy range from a few eV to 100 keV. We consider both nonrelativistic particles (dark matter candidates) and relativistic particles which may be produced inside Sun. We provide numerical results for atoms relevant for direct dark matter searches (O, Na, Ar, Ca, Ge, I, Xe, W and Tl). We identify a crucial flaw in previous calculations and show that they overestimated the ionization cross sections by several orders of magnitude due to violation of the orthogonality of the bound and continuum electron wave functions. Using our computed cross-sections, we interpret the recent data from the Xenon1T ex…
How physical activity, fitness, and motor skills contribute to math performance: Working memory as a mediating factor
2021
Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine whether physical activity, fitness and motor skills have indirect association with math performance via cognitive outcomes and if so, through which aspects of cognition? Methods This study comprised 311 6th–9th grade adolescents (12–17y [M age=14.0y], 59% girls) from seven schools throughout Finland in 2015. Math performance was measured via a teacher-rated math achievement and the Basic Arithmetic test. Cognitive functions were measured by broad cognitive test battery. Physical activity was assessed with a self-reported questionnaire and a hip-worn accelerometer. Aerobic fitness was estimated using a maximal 20-m shuttle run test, muscular f…
Density Decline in a Mediterranean Seahorse Population: Natural Fluctuations or New Emerging Threats?
2021
Illegal wildlife trade is considered one of the most serious threats to biodiversity worldwide, along with habitat loss/degradation and overfishing of wild stocks. Seahorses are considered at high risk as these fish represent an important component of traditional Chinese medicine but are also sold as curios and ornamental fish. On a worldwide level, illegal trade is controlled by numerous laws and regulations, but it seems to continue by assuming more dynamic routes. In the Mediterranean Sea, Hippocampus guttulatus formed one of the largest populations at Mar Piccolo di Taranto in South-Eastern Italy. During the routine monitoring of this population in 2016, a dramatic density decrease was …
Effects of E-Cigarette Exposure on Prenatal Life and Childhood Respiratory Health: A Review of Current Evidence
2021
In the last decade, widespread use of E-cigarettes (EC) has occurred all over the world. Whereas, a large amount of evidence on harm to children from conventional cigarette exposure is available, data on health effects in this population throughout different vulnerability windows are still a matter of concern. Exposure to EC during pregnancy may compromise placental function, resulting in fetal structural abnormalities. Specifically, this may cause physio-pathologic changes in the developing lung, which in turn may impair respiratory health later in life. Furthermore, there is evidence that using EC can cause both short- and long-term respiratory problems in the pediatric population and the…
Hierarchical log Gaussian Cox process for regeneration in uneven-aged forests
2021
We propose a hierarchical log Gaussian Cox process (LGCP) for point patterns, where a set of points x affects another set of points y but not vice versa. We use the model to investigate the effect of large trees to the locations of seedlings. In the model, every point in x has a parametric influence kernel or signal, which together form an influence field. Conditionally on the parameters, the influence field acts as a spatial covariate in the intensity of the model, and the intensity itself is a non-linear function of the parameters. Points outside the observation window may affect the influence field inside the window. We propose an edge correction to account for this missing data. The par…
The association between low skeletal muscle mass and delirium: results from the nationwide multi-centre Italian Delirium Day 2017
2021
Abstract Introduction Delirium and sarcopenia are common, although underdiagnosed, geriatric syndromes. Several pathological mechanisms can link delirium and low skeletal muscle mass, but few studies have investigated their association. We aimed to investigate (1) the association between delirium and low skeletal muscle mass and (2) the possible role of calf circumference mass in finding cases with delirium. Methods The analyses were conducted employing the cross-sectional “Delirium Day” initiative, on patient 65 years and older admitted to acute hospital medical wards, emergency departments, rehabilitation wards, nursing homes and hospices in Italy in 2017. Delirium was diagnosed as a 4 + …
Investigation of the Impact of Neutron Irradiation on SiC Power MOSFETs Lifetime by Reliability Tests
2021
High temperature reverse-bias (HTRB), High temperature gate-bias (HTGB) tests and electrical DC characterization were performed on planar-SiC power MOSFETs which survived to accelerated neutron irradiation tests carried out at ChipIr-ISIS (Didcot, UK) facility, with terrestrial neutrons. The neutron test campaigns on the SiC power MOSFETs (manufactered by ST) were conducted on the same wafer lot devices by STMicroelectronics and Airbus, with different neutron tester systems. HTGB and HTRB tests, which characterise gate-oxide integrity and junction robustness, show no difference between the non irradiated devices and those which survived to the neutron irradiation tests, with neutron fluence…
Commentary: No Country for Old Men by Cormac McCarthy: Chapter 2, 44-47
2021
International audience