La transhumancia de las comunidades de Teruel y Albarracín sobre el Reino de Valencia en los siglos XVI y XVII

1996

Chapter 17 Muscarinic receptors and cell signalling

1996

Publisher Summary Cells have developed signal transduction mechanisms in order to communicate with the cell exterior. Acetylcholine as an external signal is recognized by nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. This chapter presents various muscarinic receptors belonging to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors consisting of seven transmembrane (TM) helices tightly packed in a ring-like structure and arranged in a counter-clockwise fashion. Agonist binding leads to a conformational change of the receptor, thereby activating associated G proteins. Muscarinic stimulation of G proteins leads to the activation or inhibition of ion channels, such as K + and Ca 2+ channels, the activation of…

‘La letteratura anglonormanna’

1996

Utillaje óseo, adornos e ídolos del Neolítico a la Edad del Bronce en el País Valenciano

1996

Represēto cilvēku pārdzīvojumu pieredze un vērtību veidošanās

1996

Water relations of solid state fermentation

1996

International audience; The hydration level of the culture medium affects drastically the physiology of microorganisms. Thermodynamic properties of water in a solid-state medium such as water potential or water activity, and dynamic properties of water such as water diffusion are examined. The mechanisms of water transfer between intra and extracellular media are discussed, and different results on the incidence of the water activity level on the survival, growth and metabolism of microorganisms are reported. Optimal macroscopic and microscopic growth, or metabolic production by fungi occurs in media with water activity values lower than those of classical cultivation media (≈ 1). In solid …

El cementerio romano de Orriols

1996

La evaluación de la formación de los graduados sociales y su entrada en el mercado de trabajo

1996

El régimen jurídico de la rehabilitación urbana

1996

Semiclassical Methods for the Description of Large Metal Clusters

1996

One of the most fascinating aspects of clusters is that they can be made arbitrarily large and therefore provide links between the microscopic and the macroscopic world. It is challenging to study how their physical properties change when going from atoms and small molecules to the bulk limit of condensed matter. But also the models and mathematical tools themselves, which are used in order to tackle the many-body problem, are an object of study for the theoretician. In particular, the question of how far quantum-mechanics must be carried with increasing size and where classical pictures become appropriate is of great interest. In this spirit, we discuss here some semiclassical methods for …

Effects of the Surface and Finite Temperature on the Electronic Structure of Metal Clusters

1996

The most fascinating feature of simple metal clusters is the existence of the electronic shell structure. This was observed first in alkali[1] and noble metals[2] and later also in some other nontransition metals[3,4,5]. The shell structure is a consequence of nearly free valence electrons confined to a finite volume. A spherical potential will always lead to a shell structure, the origin of which is the orbital angular momentum l and the large degeneracy (2l+1) associated with it. However, this primitive shell structure is strengthened by ’accidental’ degeneracies between states having different principal quantum numbers. Thus the shell structure of a hydrogen atom is different from that o…

Parents as Informants of their Child's Vocal and Early Language Development

1996

Continuity in vocalization and language development was examined in the longitudinal study of 94 children. Parents observed their infant's vocal development with the help of a checklist during the first year of life and reported their lexical development by using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (the CDIs) at the ages of 14 and 18 months. The Reynell Developmental Language Scales (the RDLS) were administered to the children in a laboratory setting at 18 months. The vocalization checklist revealed milestones of sound production which parents reported reliably and which were significantly related to the child's later language development. The continuity in vocal and languag…

Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerve-mediated inhibitory control of pigeon oesophageal muscle.

1996

Pigeon oesophageal smooth muscle in vitro has spontaneous electromechanical activity. In the presence of atropine and guanethidine, electrical field stimulation evokes a transient TTX-sensitive response comprising inhibition of electric bursting activity and muscular relaxation. This NANC inhibitory response was analysed using the K+ channel blockers TEA and apamin, TEA perfusion (0.1-5 mM) induced a concentration-dependent reduction in amplitude of EFS-evoked relaxation. Responses to higher stimulation frequencies were more sensitive to TEA than those to lower ones. The maximum reduction in amplitude (29% of control) was obtained on 30 Hz EFS evoked responses during 5 mM TEA perfusion. In …

Znaczenie i rozwój stosowania tworzyw sztucznych

1996

W skali światowej obserwuje się wyraźny wzrost produkcji tworzyw sztucznych, co ma wyraźny wpływ na standard życia człowieka. Jednym z podstawowych kierunków stosowania tworzyw sztucznych jest produkcja opakowań, na którą zużywa się ok. 30% ich łącznej masy. Największe znaczenie w produkcji opakowań mają obecnie poliolefiny, z których produkowane jest ok. 65% opakowań z tworzyw sztucznych.

La obligatoriedad de un servicio social y los deberes de solidaridad.

1996

Plantear los límites de actuación del Estado social es lo mismo que los límites en las exigencias de solidaridad. Los deberes jurídicos —y no sólo morales— de la solidaridad van más allá de las contribuciones económicas, alcanzando una contribución personal en términos de tiempo. El autor analiza la coincidencia de tres modelos: servicio civil, voluntariado y trabajadores sociales. El crecimiento de estos dos últimos como consecuencia del Estado asistencial invita a definir los papeles para impulsar el objetivo del Estado social a partir de la ciudadanía socialmente responsable. Índice: La solidaridad como principio jurídico. Solidaridad, Estado social de Derecho y ciudadanía. Los deberes d…

El "Fossar dels Jubeus"

1996

Sensory and instrumental characterisation of commercial tomato varieties

1996

International audience

Les Dominicains de Sainte-Marie-Nouvelle à Florence et le développement d'un art civique

1996

A. Vauchez; International audience

Chapter 9 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on hippocampal neurons: cell compartment-specific expression and modulatory control of channel activity

1996

Publisher Summary The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are differentially expressed on the somato-dendritic surface of hippocampal neurons. This chapter demonstrates that various ions and drugs play a crucial role in modulating the activity of neuronal nAChRs. Considering the diversity of the neurotransmitter receptors and their binding sites and the diversity of substances, which can act simultaneously as a primary agonist of one receptor and an allosteric modulator of a different receptor, an enormous variety of combinatorial possibilities can be achieved in the brain giving rise to very complex neuronal networks. The characterization of the diversity of many receptors …

But who killed Harry?

1996

Molecular modeling of intercalation complexes of antitumor active 9-aminoacridine and a [d, e]-anellated isoquinoline derivative with base paired deo…

1996

Intercalators are molecules capable of sliding between DNA base pairs without breaking up the hydrogen bonds between the DNA bases. On the basis of molecular mechanics calculations structural, models of B-DNA tetranucleotide intercalation complexes of some cytostatic active 9-aminoacridines and of a [d, e]-anellated isoquinoline derivative are presented. The drug complexes are stabilized by energetically favouredvan der Waals interactions and by selective hydrogen bonds between the side chains of the drugs and the DNA bases. Semiempirical quantum chemistry calculations revealed that the chromophoric system of the intercalators is able to form π,π-charge-transfer interactions with the purine…

Spontaneous symmetry-breaking pathways: time-resolved study of agarose gelation

1996

Abstract Extensive time-resolved studies of self-assembly of agarose gels, performed with the use of a variety of techniques allowed identification of the initial break of symmetry and the actual path leading to self-assembly at concentrations well below the random percolation threshold. The overall process is seen to occur through the following sequence: (i) break of symmetry in the sol, causing the spontaneous generation of mesoscopic polymer-rich and solvent-rich regions; (ii) percolation, or nearly percolation [see (iv) below], of polymer-rich regions through the sample, still in the sol state; (iii) start of polymer cross-linking within polymer-rich regions; (iv) progress of cross-link…

Impaired Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity in Patients With Hyperthyroidism

1996

Hyperthyroidism (H) has been implicated as a primary cause of decreased exercise tolerance. To our knowledge, analysis of respiratory gas exchange, an efficient noninvasive method in evaluating cardiopulmonary capacity, has not been performed in patients with H.Using cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 12 consecutive women with Graves' H were examined and controlled in euthyroidism (E). Eighteen women with E, in whom cardiac catheterization had ruled out heart disease, served as control subjects (C).The ventilatory anaerobic threshold was determined by means of the V-slope method. Ergometry was performed with patients in a semisupine position using a continuous ramp protocol of 20 W/min. Echo…

Determination of sin^2(theta(eff)(w)) using jet charge measurements in hadronic Z decays

1996

The electroweak mixing angle is determined with high precision from measurements of the mean difference between forward and backward hemisphere charges in hadronic decays of the Z. A data sample of 2.5 million hadronic Z decays recorded over the period 1990 to 1994 in the ALEPH detector at LEP is used. The mean charge separation between event hemispheres containing the original quark and antiquark is measured for b (b) over bar and c (c) over bar events in subsamples selected by their long lifetimes or using fast D*'s. The corresponding average charge separation for light quarks is measured in an inclusive sample from the anticorrelation between charges of opposite hemispheres and agrees wi…

"Dicta, scripta et facta": las inscripciones en la literatura sapiencial

1996

Une histoire en révolution ? Du bon usage des archives, de Moscou et d'ailleurs

1996

International audience; L'accès à de nouvelles archives, jusqu'alors interdites, va-t-il révolutionner l'histoire contemporaine, celle du mouvement ouvrier et du communisme en particulier ? Au-delà des effets d'annonce suscités par l'ouverture, partielle, mais bien réelle, des fonds d'archives conservés à Moscou, quels sont les enjeux scientifiques et historiographiques soulevés par l'utilisation d'une masse documentaire considérable ? Des historiens spécialistes de l'histoire du mouvement ouvrier européen font dans cet ouvrage le point sur les recherches anciennes et nouvelles dans ce domaine. Se gardant de tout sensationnalisme, ils présentent au lecteur des pistes de recherches et des ré…

Effects of fusaric acid on cells from tomato cultivars resistant or susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

1996

International audience

Wetting behavior of solid hydrogen films

1996

We have studied the dewetting of quench-condensed solid hydrogen films on bare and Ne plated Ag substrates. Information about the morphology of the films during the dewetting process is obtained from measurements of photoelectron tunneling through the films and complementary surface plasmon resonance data. Plating the Ag substrate with Ne films of various thickness allows to tune the strength of the van der Waals interaction with the hydrogen and thus to change the H2 films from a state of incomplete to complete wetting.

Electrochemical Investigation of Hydrogen Evolution and Absorption Phenomena in Nickel Based Electrodes

1996

Due to its potential for industrial applications, hydrogen absorption in metals has attracted continuous interest. Understanding the hydrogen chemistry in metals is crucial due to the significance of hydrogen-metal interactions in important industrial and technical applications such as catalysis, H-fuel containment, corrosion and embrittlement of metals and rechargeable metal hydride batteries [1–2].

La ville, la raison et le rêve : entre théorie et utopie

1996

City, reason and dream : between theory and utopia. — This paper aims at comparing two kinds of discourses about the city, that of the microeconomics of cities, which is admitted in the realm of science, and that of Utopian cities, which is not. We analyse the processes of thinking which lead respectively to theory and utopia, then we compare the ideas of man and society upon which they are grounded. Finaly, we try to enhance the similarities and disimilarities between the two series of urban space representations to which these approaches lead. This comparison may contribute to a better understanding of the real nature of the theoretical discourse and lead both to a relativization and a va…

Chlorophyll A Fluorescence and Chlorophyll Content in Parmelia Quercina Thalli from a Polluted Region of Northern Castellon (Spain)

1996

AbstractMeasurements of modulated chlorophyll a fluorescence emission and chlorophyll content were made in thalli of Parmelia quercina collected from northern Castellon(Spain). Althoug high air pollution concentrations have been measured in this area, the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence is unaffected. Following dark-adaptation, the response to irradiance of chlorophyll fluorescence was examined. With respect to control samples, thalli collected in northern Castellon consistently showed differences in fluorescence quenching, the efficiency of excitation energy capture and quenching of basal fluorescence. However, the quantum ield of photochemistry and non-cyclic electron flow were …

The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in implicit procedural learning.

1996

We studied the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in procedural learning. Normal subjects completed several blocks of a serial reaction time task using only one hand without or with concurrent non-invasive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. To disrupt their function transiently, stimulation was applied at low intensity over the supplementary motor area or over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex contralateral or ipsilateral to the hand used for the test. Stimulation to the contralateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex markedly impaired procedural implicit learning, as documented by the lack of significant change in response times during the task. Stimulation over the other …

Gesetzmäßigkeit biochemischer Systeme und Determination ihrer Evolution

1996

Beim Studium der Struktur und Funktion lebender Systeme und ihrer Bausteine drangen sich immer wieder grundsatzliche Fragen auf, fur die wir bislang keine befriedigende Antworten kennen: Lebende Systeme bestehen aus leblosen Molekulen. Es gelten fur sie dieselben Naturgesetze wie fur ihre leblose Umwelt; was also ist ein lebendes System? Die Bausteine der lebenden Systeme unserer Erde sind neben dem Wasser ganz uberwiegend Kohlenwasserstoff-Verbindungen. Gibt es auf anderen Himmelskorpern eine Alternative im Sinne von anderen, „exotischen“ Biochemien? Die Grundsatze der Funktion und der Bewahrung von genetischen Informationen sowie ihrer Mutation sind fur alle lebenden Systeme gleich. Es la…

ΚΑΣΙΓΝΗΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΟΠΑΤΡΟΣ. Su alcuni aspetti della consanguineità in Omero

1996

L'expression κασίγνητος και ὄπατρος, exactement équivalente à κασίγνητος ὁμοπάτριος, semble employée pour souligner le caractère exceptionnel d'une situation : exceptionnel du point de vue affectif, quand il s'agit de Coon et d'Iphidamas (Il. 11, 257), du point de vue des règles familiales, quand il s'agit d'Ajax et de Teucer (Il. 12, 371).

Anotaciones sobre el Misterio de Elche

1996

Necrópolis islámicas en la ciudad de Valencia

1996

En el presente trabajo se analizan los restos de 3 necrópolis islámicas documentadas arqueológicamente a partir de diferentes intervenciones llevadas a cabo por el SIAM en la ciudad de Valencia. Se trata del cementerio de Roteros, situado en el actual barrio del Carmen, el de la Xerea en el barrio del mismo nombre y el perteneciente a la rauda o panteón nobiliar localizado en la Plaza de la Almoina.