Chapter 21 Modulation of acetylcholine release by nitric oxide

1996

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the studies in which the effects of endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the release of acetylcholine were investigated. As tools for the involvement of endogenous NO, the effects of NO synthase inhibitors on release of acetylcholine were studied. The cholinergic neurons are tonically stimulated by endogenous NO. On the other hand, NO synthase inhibitors fail to change either basal or electrically evoked acetylcholine release from slices of rat hippocampus and striatum. Endogenous and exogenous NO increase basal acetylcholine release from central and peripheral cholinergic neurons. The effect is tetrodotoxin sensitive and calcium-dependent, th…

Theoretical Basis Versus Clinical Practice of Oxygen Parameters of Blood

1996

Under optimal conditions all oxygen parameters of human blood are defined at a theoretical basis, accepted and understood by the clinicians, measured correctly by instruments of different manufacturers and, therefore, leading to clear diagnoses for the patients.

Are Salamandra atra and S. lanzai sister species?

1996

Tumor Oxygenation and Tumor Vascularity: Evidence for Their Clinical Relevance in Cancer of the Uterine Cervix and Considerations on Their Potential …

1996

Most solid malignancies are thought to be derived from a single neoplastic precursor cell having lost proliferation control and gained the ability to penetrate basement membranes and to invade into the stroma. During the disease course tumors increase their overall cell number by local expansion and the development of regional and distant metastases. Along with the increase in cell number the tumors loose hormonal or other external signal dependencies and acquire resistances towards radio— and chemotherapy. The progressing disease causes symptoms through impaired tissue/organ functions and complications, and finally kills the individual (unless other causes leading to death become manifest …

Short term intensive preoperative chemotherapy with high doses of epirubicin plus G-CSF rescue for locally advanced Stage III breast carcinoma.

1996

La perception des délinquants en France du XIVe au XIXe siècle

1996

International audience

Fouilles franco-hongroises à Velem-Szentvid : recherches sur la fortification laténienne

1996

International audience

Ansiedad y respuestas electrofisiológicas a una tarea de estrés mental tras un ejercicio aeróbico máximo

1996

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar las relaciones de la ansiedad con determinadas respuestas fisiológicas a una tarea de estrés mental. Para ello, se tomó una muestra de deportistas de élite varones de la Comunidad Valenciana de diferentes disciplinas deportivas. De acuerdo con las puntuaciones que los sujetos obtuvieron en las escalas STAI-R y STAI-E, completadas antes y después respectivamente, de una ergometría máxima, fueron separados en dos grupos extremos de alta y baja ansiedad. Se registraron de forma computerizada la frecuencia cardíaca y la actividad electrodérmica antes, durante y después de una tarea Stroop en ordenador. Los niveles basales de actividad electrodérmica…

Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Capillary Hysteresis in MCM-41

1996

Mesoporous materials of MCM-41 type are considered to be reference model adsorbents due to their regular pore structure. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms on MCM-41 are modeled using the Non-Local Density Functional Theory (NLDFT). The thermal dependence of the thermodynamic hysteresis predicted by the NLDFT is confirmed by experimental measurements. The nitrogen hysteresis on MCM-41 at temperatures below 77.4 K or in pores greater than 4 nm is associated with the metastability of the adsorption branch of the isotherm. In the hysteresis regime, the desorption branch is likely to be thermodynamically stable and is recommended for calculating pore size distributions.

Tietämättömyyden etiikka : Emmanuel Levinas modernin subjektin tuolla puolen

1996

Evolución cuaternaria de la antigua albufera existente entre Puçol y Alboraia

1996

En el presente trabajo se estudia la evolución del sector albufereño comprendido entre Puçol y Alboraia desde mediados del Cuaternario, a partir de los datos de dieciocho sondeos geotécnicos. Los resultados obtenidos permiten deducir que este tramo ha experimentado una evolución compleja. Se han encontrado diferencias sustanciales entre los sectores situados al norte y al sur de la Pobla de Farnals. Tales diferencias parecen obedecer tanto a razones tectónicas como a un cambio en la orientación de la línea de costa a lo largo del Cuaternario. La existencia de dos (o quizá tres) bloques fallados que se han hundido a diferente velocidad ha condicionado la evolución, así como la morfología del…

Comb-Branched Polymers:  Monte Carlo Simulation and Scaling

1996

The Monte Carlo simulation technique (the bond fluctuation model) has been used for the study of the equilibrium conformations of comb-branched polymers consisting of a long flexible main chain and side chains grafted at a regular separation onto the main chain. The solvent has been supposed to be good (athermal) for the main and side chains. The global conformation and the gyration radius of the polymer, as well as the local conformational structure of the comb, have been analyzed as functions of the length of the side chains and spacers. The effect of induced rigidity of the comb due to the interaction between side chains has been observed. We have found the results of the simulation to b…

On bijections vs. unary functions

1996

A set of finite structures is in Binary NP if it can be characterized by existential second order formulas in which second order quantification is over relations of arity 2. In [DLS95] subclasses of Binary NP were considered, in which the second order quantifiers range only over certain classes of relations. It was shown that many of these subclasses coincide and that all of them can be ordered in a three-level linear hierarchy, the levels of which are represented by bijections, successor relations and unary functions respectively.

Habitat Differences and Variability in the Lek Mating System of Black Grouse

1996

Spatially fixed territoriality has been regarded to be a general feature in lek mating systems. In the absence of territories, however, the nature of leks may change remarkably. We compared leks of black grouse in areas, where territoriality was governed by habitat characteristics. On ice-covered lakes, where the lekking ground was homogeneous and offered no landmarks by which the displaying males would be able to recognize territory boundaries, the male aggregations were mobile. 'Classical' leks on bogs, however, were stable. It also appeared that on mobile leks, as compared to stable leks, the opportunities for females to choose their mates were reduced. The distribution of mating success…

Surface reconstruction of the lamellar morphology in a symmetric poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-methyl methacrylate) triblock copolymer: A tappin…

1996

The surface morphology of a symmetric poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-methyl methacrylate) triblock copolymer (PS-b-PB-b-PMMA) with 6 wt % PB has been investigated by tapping mode scanning force microscopy (SFM). The results are compared to the bulk morphology as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In solvent-cast films PS/PMMA lamellae are formed, which are oriented nearly perpendicular to the free surface. Like in the bulk, also at the free film surface polybutadiene spheres are located at the lamellar PS/PMMA interface. However, contrary to the bulk, the surface morphology includes a large number of defects such as curved lamellar and disclinations, and the lamellar …

Allosteric regulation by Mg2+ of the vacuolar H(+)-PPase from Acer pseudoplatanus cells. Ca2+/Mg2+ interactions.

1996

The tonoplast H(+)-PPase was previously characterized in Acer pseudoplatanus cells (Pugin et al (1991) Plant Sci 73, 23-34; Fraichard et al (1993) Plant Physiol Biochem 31, 349-359). Tonoplast vesicles were obtained from vacuoles isolated from protoplasts of A pseudoplatanus suspension cultures and used to study kinetic effects of Mg2+ and Ca2+ on PPi hydrolysis. The concentrations of ionic species (free Mg2+, free PPi, and MgPPi complexes) were calculated with apparent dissociation constants of 55.3 microM for MgPPi and 59.6 microM for CaPPi. Our results indicated that the substrate of the tonoplast PPase was a MgPPi complex and that free Mg2+ was essential for PPi hydrolysis. With fixed f…

Stabilität und Chaos

1996

In diesem Kapitel studieren wir eine grosere Klasse von dynamischen Systemen, die uber die Hamiltonschen Systeme hinausgehen. Dabei sind einerseits Systeme mit Dissipation besonders interessant, bei denen Energie durch Reibung verlorengeht und bei denen Energie aus auseren Quellen eingespeist wird, andererseits diskrete oder diskretisierte Systeme, wie sie auf naturliche Weise beim Studium von Flussen vermittels der Poincareabbildung auftreten. Dissipation bedeutet immer, das das dynamische System an andere Systeme in einer kontrollierbaren Weise gekoppelt ist. Die Starke solcher Kopplungen erscheint in der betrachteten Dynamik in Form von Parametern, von denen die Losungsscharen abhangen. …

Karlheinz Stockhausen, FREITAG aus LICHT (1991-94). In una versione da concerto per 6 solisti, musica elettronica e regia del suono

1996

L'articolo descrive per grandi linee il progetto di teatro musicale LICH ("Luce"), con particolare riferimento alla struttura/simbologie dell'opera FREITAG ("Venerdì").

Compte rendu de "The Cambridge History of American Literature, Volume II: Prose Writing, 1820-1865," ed. Sacvan Bercovitch. Revue Française d’Etudes …

1996

Compte rendu

Teoría crítica y racionalidad .

1996

sevilla@uv.es

Influencia de los cerrojos distales en el tratamiento de las fracturas trocantéreas estables mediante clavo gamma

1996

Hemos tratado consecutivamente mediante clavo gamma 100 pacientes mayores de 60 años con fracturas trocantéreas estables colocando en 50 de ellas los cerrojos distales y no en las otras 50, habiéndose realizado un estudio comparativo quirúrgico y evolutivo entre ambas series con un seguimiento mínimo de 3 meses. Se han producido complicaciones operatorias en el 18% de la serie con cerrojos, todas ellas en la colocación de los mismos, y en 1 caso en la serie sin cerrojos, que obligó a la colocación de éstos. La consolidación se ha producido en todos los casos, no habiendo diferencias finales en la deambulación. No se han producido complicaciones evolutivas en la serie con cerrojos y sí en la…

Faunística y ecología de los anélidos poliquetos de los fondos de sustrato duro del archipiélago de las Chafarinas : (S.W. mar de Alborán)

1996

Le origini della fiscalità pubblica delle città italiane

1996

Notes on the Success of Speech Acts and Negotiating Commitments

1996

Technologies that support communication and models used in the development of communications need good underlying theories. One theory suggested as a base for design is speech act theory. Both communication support tools and modelling notations informed by speech act theory have been proposed. Speech act theory forms no unified, single theory, but actually houses several variants for dealing with semantics, pragmatics, and social context of communications. They all have one common feature: they assume that language is not merely a means of describing but also a means for doing things. In this paper we present an overview of speech act theories and their uses in information systems research.…

Serratula tinctoria (L.) (Dyer's savory): In vitro culture and the production of ecdysteroids and other secondary metabolites

1996

The name Serratula is derived from the Latin word serra, which means saw. It designates perennial plants of the Compositae family with medium-sized, serrated leaves and purple flowers (Loste 1937). More than 40 species have been described in Europe, North Africa, and Asia. The most common is Serratula tinctoria, also known as dyer’s savory. This species, 30 to 80 cm high, grows on all kind of soils, and is widely distributed in central and northern Europe (synonym: Carduus tinctoria, Scop; French name: serratule des teinturiers; German name: Faberscharte). In France, for example, Serratula tinctoria is widespread but with an irregular distribution, rare in the north and near the Mediterrane…

More on Transmission-Line Solitons

1996

The study of solitons on discrete lattices dates back to the early days of soliton theory (Frenkel and Kontorova 1939, Fermi et al. 1955) and is of great physical importance. Generally, the discrete nonlinear equations which model these lattices cannot be solved analytically. Consequently, one looks for possible pulse-soliton solutions in the continuum or long wavelength approximation, that is, solitons with a width much larger than the electrical length of a unit section of the electrical network, as described in Chap.3. When this approach is not workable, one has to use numerical approaches (Zabusky 1973, Eilbeck 1991) or simulations. Nevertheless, there exist some lattice models for whic…

Ciudades europeas de la cultura

1996

Espagne / Spain

1996

1. TREATIES. 1.1. The Conclusion of Treaties. 1.2. The Intervention of Parliament. 1.3. The Intervention of the Electorate. 1.4. Matters Subsequent to the Entry into Force of a Treaty. 1.5. The Insertion of Treaties into Domestic Law. 2. THE ACTS OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. 2.1. Is it necessary to distinguish domestic law derived from EC law and that derived from other international organisations? 2.2. Law derived from International Organisations (other than the European Communities). 2.3. European Communities Law. 3. UNWRITTEN INTERNATIONAL LAW (INTERNATIONAL CUSTOM AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES). 4. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL SITUATIONS. 5. FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL CAS…

Time course of induction of rat hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities following dietary administration of flavonoids

1996

International audience

Arquitectura maya: un nuevo enfoque para la clasificación estilística de los edificios del norte de Yucatán

1996

Instability of Tandem Repetitive DNA in “Natural” and Transgenic Organisms

1996

Genome research of the last 10 years has forced us to re-evaluate our view of DNA as a relatively stable molecule. Unprecedented levels of DNA instability in germline and soma cells have been observed, associated primarily with tandem repetitive (tr) DNA sequences. We will discuss here briefly the structure and possible functions of trDNA in eukaryotes, the putative mechanisms of mutational change in repeat clusters and the evolutionary dimensions of trDNA instability (for other relevant reviews, sec Pardue and Hennig 1990; Vogt 1990; Charlesworth et al. 1994). A special focus will be on the behaviour of trDNA after DNA transfer experiments in transgenic organisms, with reference to our own…

Cystic Medial Necrosis of the Internal Thoracic Artery:Case Report

1996

In an internal thoracic artery intended as a graft in coronary angioplasty, multiple intramural haematomas impeded blood flow and consequently precluded use of the artery as a free graft. The cause was found to be cystic medical necrosis of the internal thoracic artery. A good result was obtained with three single aorto-coronary venous bypass grafts.

Exchange Interactions I: Mechanisms

1996

A most important phenomenon in molecular magnetism is the exchange interaction between magnetic centers. Its relevance as well as the terms and concepts required to its rationalization were stated long ago by physicists working in the quantum-mechanical theory of magnetism (Heisenberg, Dirac, van Vleck, Anderson, Zener, and many others). Depending on the extent of delocalization of the magnetic moments and on the metallic/non-metallic properties of the solid four kinds of exchange coupling were usually distinguished in the physical literature namely direct exchange, superexchange, indirect exchange and itinerant exchange [1]. The relations of these types of couplings are depicted in Figure …

Spin Transitions in Iron(II) Complexes

1996

Iron(II) has the 3d6 outer electronic configuration and hence its octahedral complexes may be either high-spin or low-spin. The high-spin configuration, t 2g 4 e g 2 , is adopted when relatively weak-field ligands are coordinated while the low-spin, t 2g 6 e g 0 , is obtained when strong-field ligands are involved. In Oh symmetry the ground states are 5T2g and lA1g, for the high-spin and low-spin configurations, respectively. While in most iron(II) six-coordinate complexes the symmetry is lower than Oh, these designations are generally adopted in the following sections for convenience. [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and [Fe(en)3]2+ (en = ethylenediamine) are typical examples of high-spin complexes, while [Fe…

The Adhesion Nature of Ag/MgO Interface: Hartree-Fock Study

1996

AbstractThe atomic and electronic structure of the Ag/MgO interface are calculated using the ab initio Hartree-Fock approach and a supercell model. The electronic density distribution is analyzed in detail for isolated and interacting slabs of a metal and MgO. The energetically most favorable adsorption position for Ag atoms is found to be above the O atoms. The binding energy is 0.20 eV (0.41 eV) for one and three Ag layers atop MgO substrate, respectively. The relevant equilibrium Ag-O distance is 2.64 Å(2.41 Å). Neither appreciable charge transfer in the interfacial region, nor considerable population of bonds between the silver layer and the insulating substrate take place. The adhesion…

Importation de grands animaux romains et amélioration du cheptel à la fin de l'Âge du Fer en Gaule Belgique

1996

Méniel Patrice. Importation de grands animaux romains et amélioration du cheptel à la fin de l'Âge du Fer en Gaule Belgique. In: Revue archéologique de Picardie, n°3-4, 1996. Table-ronde de Ribemont-sur-Ancre (Somme): la chronologie du second âge du fer en Gaule du Nord / La ferme laténienne de Jaux (Oise) et sa nécropole. pp. 113-122.