Problèmes méthodologiques de l'évaluation des systèmes éducatifs

1986

International audience

Electron-positron density-functional theory.

1986

A two-component density-functional theory is presented for electron-positron systems. The phase diagram of a two-component Fermi-Coulomb system is discussed, and explicit expressions are derived for exchange-correlation functionals for use in the local-density approximation. The scheme is then applied in a fully self-consistent calculation of electron and positron densities in atomic vacancies in metals, treated in the jellium model. Comparison with conventional calculations, which do not meet true electron-positron self-consistency, reveals considerable changes in the density distributions. However, we demonstrate that there are cancellation effects which render the corresponding changes i…

Chronic hydrogen peroxide intake and peroxide metabolizing enzyme activities in some tissues of mice and rats

1986

Chronic daily intake of 0.5% H2O2 in drinking water decreased Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSHPx) activity in rat skeletal muscle, kidney and liver. Non-Se GSHPx activity decreased in kidney. Deprivation of drinking water decreased Se-GSHPx activity in kidney and non-Se GSHPx activity in kidney and liver. H2O2 intake decreased activity of catalase in rat skeletal muscle. H2O2 intake or water deprivation caused no changes in these enzyme activities in mice.

Reaktionen von elektronenreichen Heterocyclen mit Orthocarbonsäure-Derivaten, 9. Acylierungsreaktionen von Indol und Methylindolen mit Dialkoxycarben…

1986

Indol und einige Methylderivate 1 lassen sich unter milden Bedingungen mit den Dialkoxycarbenium-tetrafluoroboraten 2 in meist guten Ausbeuten regioselektive acylieren. Mit dem Formylkation-Aquivalent 2a′ werden mit uberschussigem 1 auch die Bisindolycarbenium-tetrafluoroborate 13a – d erhalten. Reactions of Electron-rich Heterocycles with Orthocarboxylic Acid Derivatives, 9. – Acylation of Indole and Methylindoles with Dialkoxycarbenium Tetrafluoroborates Indole and some methylindoles 1 were acylated regioselectively with dialkoxycarbenium tetrafluoroborates 2 under mild conditions. The formyl cation equivalent 2a′ reacts with excess of indoles 1 to give the bisindolylcarbenium tetrafluoro…

Zur Reaktion von Indolen mit 1,3-Dithiolenium-Ionen: ein einfacher Zugang zu 3-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-yl)indolen

1986

Reaction of Indoles with 1,3-Dithiolenium Ions: a Simple Access to 3-(1,3-Dithiolan-2-yl)indoles 3-Unsubstituted indoles 1 react regioselectively with 2-methyl- and 2-phenyl-1,3-dithiolenium ions 2 under mild conditions to give the 3-(1,3-dithiolan-2-yl)indoles 4 as protected 3-acylindoles.

Migrations et relations entre formation et emploi après l'enseignement professionnel court en France

1986

International audience

Quality assurance in first degree courses in higher education : a french perspective

1986

International audience

Force-, EMG-, and elasticity-velocity relationships at submaximal, maximal and supramaximal running speeds in sprinters.

1986

The relationships between ground reaction forces, electromyographic activity (EMG), elasticity and running velocity were investigated at five speeds from submaximal to supramaximal levels in 11 male and 8 female sprinters. Supramaximal running was performed by a towing system. Reaction forces were measured on a force platform. EMGs were recorded telemetrically with surface electrodes from the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscles, and elasticity of the contact leg was evaluated with spring constant values measured by film analysis. Data showed increases in most of the parameters studied with increasing running speed. At supramaximal velocity (10.36 +/- 0.31 m X s-1; 108.4 +/- 3.8%) the…

Gamete intrafallopian transfer in the treatment of infertility: the first series at the University of Palermo

1986

Twenty-six couples with unexplained infertility (UI), nine women with repeated failures of artificial insemination with donor semen (AID), three women with mild endometriosis, three with periadnexal adhesions, one with hostile (not immunologic) cervical mucus, and one couple in which the male partner was affected by asthenospermia were treated by the gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) technique. Three different protocols for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were used, and an adequate follicular growth and oocyte maturation were achieved in all cases. Seventeen pregnancies were obtained, for a global pregnancy rate of 38.6%. Two pregnancies (11.7%) ended in clinical abortions, and one …

The effect of fatigue on store and re-use of elastic energy in slow and fast types of human skeletal muscle

1986

Stretch-shortening exercises are characterized by enhancement of performance when compared to the work output performed in shortening conditions. There is evidence that fast subjects are unable to re-use great amounts of elastic energy during stretch-shortening cycles performed with slow stretching speed and large stretching length. In the present study, 14 subjects possessing different fibre types in m. vastus lateralis performed vertical jumps with and without preliminary countermovement and with large angular displacement and slow stretching speed The jumping tests were executed before and immediately after fatigue induced by short intense exercises (60 s of continuous rebound jumping). …

Über polygermane

1986

Abstract The germylene Ph2Ge of Ph2GeHCl and Net3 inserts in excess Ph2GeHCl and forms polygermanes Cl(Ph2Ge)nH. This one-pot reaction and subsequent chlorination to Cl(Ph2Ge)nCl has been optimized. Increasing amounts of NEt3 step up the yields of higher polygermanes. The 13C NMR phenyl signals for C(ipso) shift to low field with increasing chain length. The crystal structures of Cl(Ph2Ge)3,4Cl (R = 0.072 and 0.087) have been determined. The position of Cl(Ph2Ge)4Cl is split off by disorder (main molecule 82%, side molecule 18%). Two crystallographically different molecules of the trigermane are present; the ClGe3Cl chain contains anti-gauche and gauche-gauche conformation respectively (d…

Energy dependence of the $^{28}$Si($^{32}$S,$^{36}$Ar)$^{24}$Mg reaction between 90 and 103 MeV incident energy

1986

Abstract Angular distributions for the 28 Si( 32 S, 36 Ar) 24 Mg reaction have been measured from 90 to 103 MeV of incident lab energy, in steps of 0.5 MeV. The ground state, the 2 1 + level in each nucleus and the mutual excitation of both 2 1 + states have been resolved. The data have been analysed in the frame of finite range DWBA calculations. The deduced relative spectroscopic factors show good agreement with those predicted by the model of Chung and Wildenthal but are smaller than those deduced in other experiments.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in the adrenal glands: Replication and histopathology

1986

The adrenal glands were shown to be the most severely infected organs in the early phase of HSV-1 infections (up to 10 days p.i.) after i.p. infections in mice. Virus could be isolated from the adrenal glands as early as one hour after infection with pathogenic and apathogenic strains. Infection of the adrenal glands is a result of viremia. The content of HSV-1 (5 strains) was much higher in the adrenals than in spleen and liver. It peaked at 3-4 days p.i. compared to 1-2 days in spleen and liver. Only strain 17 syn+ produced low tissue titres in the adrenal glands. Morphologic alterations by HSV-1 infections commenced with distinct foci 2 days after infection in the zona fasciculata, detec…

The musculature of the electric fish Eigenmannia virescens (South American green knife fish) characterized with cytochrome oxidase staining

1986

Using cytochrome C-oxidase staining, different types of somatic musculature were clearly distinguished in the gymnotoid fish Eigenmannia virescens. Except for a few thin fibres in the region of the horizontal septum, which stained faintly, no others in the trunk muscle stained. Strong staining appeared in the fibres of the anal fin muscles. According to the classification of fish musculature into white, intermediate and red, only the locomotory organ of this fish has red fibres, whereas the trunk muscles are white. The red muscles along the horizontal septum, found in all other fish which have been investigated in this respect, seem to be absent. This is noteworthy since the anal fin alone …

Extended pH-monitoring in the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in infancy and childhood

1986

Esophageal 24-h pH monitoring was performed in addition to esophagogastrography, esophageal manometry, and esophagoscopy in 66 infants and 12 children from 2–14 years of age with symptoms characteristic of gastroesophageal reflux (GER). In ten infants, ph monitoring was repeated once or twice at intervals of 1 week to 8 1/2 months. The follow-up time for all patients ranged from 2–7 years. Our findings suggest that extended pH monitoring is the most valuable diagnostic procedure under the following circumstances. First, when there are major discrepancies between reported observations and actual symptoms during hospitalization, pH monitoring can clarify the causal relationship. Second, when …

Die Rolle der Kieferorthopädie bei der Rehabilitation von Patienten mit Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten

1986

Finite-size scaling analysis of the ?4 field theory on the square lattice

1986

Monte-Carlo calculations are performed for the model Hamiltonian ℋ = ∑i[(r/2)Φ 2(i)+(u/4)/gF4(i)]+∑ (C/2)[Φ (i)−Φ(j)]2 for various values of the parametersr, u, C in the crossover region from the Ising limit (r→-∞,u+∞) to the displacive limit (r=0). The variableφ(i) is a scalar continuous spin variable which can lie in the range-∞<φ(i)<+∞, for each lattice site (i).φ(i) is a priori selected proportional to the single-site probability in our Monte Carlo algorithm. The critical line is obtained in very good agreement with other previous approaches. A decrease of apparent critical exponents, deduced from a finite-size scaling analysis, is attributed to a crossover toward mean-field values at t…

false

1986

The terpolymerization of the three monomers (3-vinyl phenylazo)methylmalodinitrile (1), (3-vinyl phenylazo)phenylsulfid (2) or 1-(3-vinylphenylazo)-1,1′-diphenyl methylacetate (3) with methyl methacrylate and butanediol-1,4-dimethyacrylate leads to networks in which the thermolabile azo groups remain intact. Both, the azo monomer and the crosslinking agent are essentially quantitatively incorporated into the network before the conversion of the third monomer is complete. The networks have been characterized in terms of their swelling in benzene, chlorobenzene, and methacrylonitrile. Die Terpolymerisation der drei Monomeren (3-Vinylphenylazo)-methylmalodinitril (1), (3-Vinylphenylazo)phenyls…

Isotope shift of182Hg and an update of nuclear moments and charge radii in the isotope range181Hg-206Hg

1986

The technique of collinear fast-beam laser spectroscopy has been used to measure the isotope shifts of the even-even isotopes of Hg (Z=80) in the mass range 182≤A≤198 at the on-line mass separator ISOLDE at CERN. The atomic transition studied (6s 6p 3 P 2- 6s7s 3 S 1,λ=546.1 nm) starts from a metastable state, which is populated in a quasi resonant charge transfer process. The resulting changes in nuclear mean square charge radii show clearly that182Hg follows the trend of the heavier, even, weakly oblate isotopes. Correspondingly the huge odd-even shape staggering in the light Hg isotopes continues and the nuclear shape staggering and shape coexistence persists down to the last isotope inv…

Polychlorinated biphenyls, classified as either phenobarbital- or 3-methylcholanthrene-type inducers of cytochrome P-450, are both hepatic tumor prom…

1986

Abstract The cytochrome P -450 isozymes, cytochrome P -450 MC 1 and MC 2 , purified from rats treated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), were found by immunohistochemical staining to be strongly induced in the livers of rats treated with 3,3′, 4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP), while the cytochrome P -450 isozymes, PB 1 and PB 2 , purified from the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital (PB), were shown to be induced in the livers of rats treated with 2,2′, 4,4′, 5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP). The latter compound also strongly induced NADPH-cytochrome P -450-reductase. Following induction, all 5 enzymes were located preferentially in the centrilobular and midzonal region of the liver acinus.…

Exobiological experiments on the first EURECA mission

1986

A sum rule approach to total muon capture rates

1986

Abstract The total muon capture rate is expanded in terms of sum rules and the convergence of such an expansion is analyzed. It results that the energy-weighted and the inverse-energy-weighted sum rules provide an accurate estimate for the total rate in agreement with a complete RPA calculation through the response function. The static polarizability of the isovector dipole mode turns out to be the relevant quantity to determine the total muon capture rate, in light and medium nuclei.

Short and long latency reflex responses elicited by electrical and mechanical stimulation in human hand muscle

1986

The relationship between electrically and mechanically induced reflex responses in the rectified, averaged surface electromyogram of the first interosseus dorsalis muscle was examined in 18 healthy human subjects. Both methods evoked identifiable short and long latency reflex responses. The onset latencies for short latency reflexes with electrical and mechanical stimulations were 30.6 ms (+/- 2.2 ms) and 28.9 ms (+/- 2.2 ms) and for long latency reflexes 50.0 ms (+/- 2.8 ms) and 51.2 ms (+/- 5.2 ms), respectively. The correlation of the onset latencies of the reflexes revealed significant correspondence between the electrical and mechanical methods implying at least partly mutual mechanism…

Polycondensed nitrogen heterocycles. Part21. Complete13C NMR assignment of annelated phenanthridines

1986

Two-dimensional nmr techniques were used for the complete assignment of 13C nmr spectra of pyrrolo-[1,2-f]-, pyrazolo[1,5-f]-, and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-f]phenanthridines.

Relaparotomie im Kindesalter

1986

An der Kinderchirurgischen Universitatsklinik Mainz wurden vom 1. 1. 1976 bis 31. 12. 1983 1793 Laparotomien an Kindern im Alter bis zu 15 Jahren vorgenommen. Eine akute, nicht geplante Relaparotomie lag in 4,6% der Falle vor. Die haufigste Indikation zur Relaparotomie war ein verwachsungsbedingter Ileus (53%); weniger haufige Ursachen waren Platzbauch, Peritonitis, Darmperforation, Anastomoseninsuffzienz und Sekundarblutung. 15% aller relaparotomierten Kinder musten sich mehr als einer Relaparotomie unterziehen. Uber 40% der akuten Relaparotomien wurden an Kindern innerhalb des ersten Lebensjahres vorgenommen. 56% aller Relaparotomien musten innerhalb der ersten vier postoperativen Wochen …

Hearing loss in facioscapulohumeral dystrophy.

1986

Bilateral sloping high frequency hearing loss of 20–90 dB was found in six out of ten patients with infantile or adolescent onset FSHD. In all cases the basic defect could be traced to the cochlea. The outer hair cells of the basal turn are predominantly affected. In 20 patients with various other forms of muscular dystrophy or neuromuscular disorders with an FSH distribution, no sensorineural hearing loss was found. Myopathology of FSHD patients extended from mild to severe, often showing inflammatory infiltrates and type I fibre atrophy, without unequivocal differences between the two groups with and without hearing loss. It is concluded that cochlear dysfunction is a specific and frequen…

Competition between submonolayer ordering and multilayer adsorption: Studies of simple lattice gas models

1986

Abstract We model condensation of adatoms at a substrate surface by a semi-infinite simple cubic lattice gas system. While in the bulk there is just a nearest-neighbour attractive interaction, in the first layer adjacent to the surface we allow for a periodic potential due to the substrate with a period of two lattice spacings, or for a next-nearest-neighbour repulsive interaction mediated by the substrate. Hence order-disorder phenomena may occur in the first layer, while only gas-liquid condensation transitions can occur in layers further away from the substrate surface. The ground-state phase diagrams of this model are obtained exactly, while the behaviour at nonzero temperatures is obta…

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometnc Determination of Chromium in Foods

1986

Abstract A method is reported for determination of chromium in foodstuffs. Organic matter is digested with nitric acid, followed by oxidation to Cr(VI) and extraction with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) after HC1 addition. Chromium determinations are performed by flame absorption spectroscopy. Absence of interferences is verified and recovery tests are performed on food samples. Quantitation limit (3.8 ng/mL), accuracy (NBS Standard Reference Material 1573 Tomato Leaves, 4500 ± 500 ng/g, found 3860 ± 409 ng/g), and precision (CV for vegetable matrix = 9.05%, CV for animal matrix = 14.95%) of the procedure are evaluated.

Isobar width effects in the coupling of nucleon to isobar channels

1986

The investigation of the effects of isobar coupling to two-nucleon channels has been extended to include additional physical features. A new code discretizes the mass distribution of the isobar widths and treats each mass as a separate channel. This allows the treatment of width in the presence of coupling by transition potentials, in addition to the previously permitted boundary coupling. It also produces the S-italic-matrix components required to describe the many-body final-state distributions. When indicated by the one-pion-exchange coupling strength new isobar channels are included. The new results for nucleon-nucleon scattering fit the data better, starting from more realistic models.…

Some applications of a fundamental theorem by Gluck and Wolf in the character theory of finite groups

1986

Human interleukin 2: molecular biology, physiology and clinical possibilities.

1986

Mannoproteins from the cell wall ofKluyveromyces lactis

1986

Wall mannoproteins from Kluyveromyces lactis have been solubilised by treatment of cell walls with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) or zymolyase. While the former reagent liberates a large number of molecular species, zymolyase preferentially releases a high-molecular-weight material that is sensitive to endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, and a 29-kDa molecule that reacts with the antiserum raised against a similar species from walls of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast with observations on isolated walls of S. cerevisiae, dithiothreitol pretreatment of K. lactis walls does not enhance the effect of zymolyase upon mannoprotein release. However, the action of thiol agents is still necessary …

La política presupuestaria de la Dictadura de Primo de Rivera: ¿una reconsideración necesaria?

1986

La política económica desarrollada por la dictadura del general Primo de Rivera ha sido objeto, durante los últimos años, de una atención considerable. Desde que el profesor Velarde publicara su pionera aportación, numerosos especialistas han abordado, desde distintas perspectivas y con una valoración también divergente, el estudio de las principales medidas económicas adoptadas por el régimen autoritario durante los siete años en que estuvo en el poder. En todas ellas, sin embargo, se ha tendido a reconocer una importancia notable a la gestión de las finanzas públicas. Bien para destacar su relevancia en el crecimiento de la renta, bien para criticar el marasmo financiero que Calvo Sotelo …

Isolation and characterization of maerophage-derived C1q and its similarities to serum C1q

1986

Recently, we have shown that the collagen-like, Fc-recognizing subcomponent C1q of the first complement component is synthesized by human, guinea pig and mouse peritoneal macrophages. To test whether macrophages may contribute to the serum pool of C1q, C1q was purified from guinea pig serum and from guinea pig peritoneal macrophage supernatants and compared for similarities. Both molecules had a similar sedimentation rate (macrophage C1q: 11.3 S, serum C1q: 11.2 S) and showed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions three identical bands with molecular weights of Mr, 29 000, Mr, 27 000 and Mr 23 000 for the A, B and C chains, respectively. Both …

Neutrino mass and baryon-number nonconservation in superstring models

1986

We propose new mechanisms for understanding neutrino masses in superstring models that contain ${\mathrm{E}}_{6}$-singlet zero-mass fields after compactification. We show that the low-energy gauge group of these models can be phenomenologically acceptable. We then comment on \ensuremath{\Delta}B=1 and \ensuremath{\Delta}B=2 baryon-number-violating processes in these models.

First measurement ofK-shell-electron to internal-pair conversion probability ratios forE0 transitions inf p shell region

1986

Magnetic plus Si(Li) spectrometers designed for high-resolution conversion-electron and internal-pair measurements, are employed to obtainK-shell-electron to internal-pair conversion probability ratios forE0 transitions in54Fe,60Ni,64Zn and70Ge. The results are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions.