Survival under vacuum

1986

Bag Scattering Theory

1986

We reanalyze the procedure used thus far for the study of collision processes in the Chiral Bag Model from the point of view of scattering theory. In the present formalism thein andout states are free waves with no memory of the cavity. This feature gives rise to an observable effect consisting in a peculiar momentum dependence of the scattering amplitudes, which differs from that of previous calculations. The new procedure however does not change the magnitude of the pion-baryon coupling constants.

Modification of Hepatitis B Virus Infection by Recombinant Leukocyte Alpha A Interferon

1986

A defect in alpha interferon production in patients with chronic type B hepatitis offers a rationale principle for treating this disease with interferon. Two trials with interferon in chronic type B hepatitis indicate that this therapy achieves an elimination of HBsAg and HBeAg significantly higher than spontaneous. Our study and that of others indicate, however, that the response to interferon therapy is dependent on many variables including: the type of interferon, the interferon dose, duration of interferon treatment, sex, sexual preference in men and coinfection with other viruses. As of the multiple modes of action of interferon, a better understanding of viral replication, of the anti…

MRI studies after treatment of brain tumors in childhood and adolescence

1986

Forty-seven children and adolescents with brain tumors were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after tumor resection. The typical changes and complications after surgery and chemotherapy, as well as the corresponding MRI findings, are discussed. Typical examples of boundary-layer lesions, tumor recurrences, hydrocephalus, porencephalic cysts, and hygromas are given.

Involvement of actin-containing microfilaments in HSV-induced cytopathology and the influence of inhibitors of glycosylation.

1986

Two and a half hours after infection with a high dose of different strains of HSV-1 which induce rounding of cells, breakdown of actin containing microfilaments can be observed. At the periphery of the cell, actin containing knob-like protuberances were visible. Later on, actin seems to be located exclusively on the surface of cells. Observations were done by immunofluorescence microscopy, scanning electron-microscopy and immunoperoxidase staining of ultrathin sections. The envelope of HSV appears to be stained by anti-actin. Strain IES produces rounding of cells at a high dose of infection before fusion proceeds at 37 degrees C. Similar alterations were not observed with the fusing strains…

Local excision of urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract.

1986

Abstract In 9 of 93 patients (9.7%) with urothelial cancer of the upper tract (7 renal pelvis tumors, 3 ureteral tumors), conservative surgery was employed using a free peritoneal autotransplant for replacement of the renal pelvis in 5 kidneys. Absolute indications for conservative surgery were solitary kidneys/nonfunctioning contralateral kidneys in 4 patients and bilateral tumors in 1 patient. Local recurrences developed 1-3 years after operation in 4 of 6 kidneys (3 patients), 3 of which had grade-2 and grade-3 primary lesions. All patients were treated successfully by repeated local excision. In the presence of a normal contralateral kidney, local tumor excision was done electively in 4…

Polycondensed nitrogen heterocycles. Part19. Pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines by pschorr-type cyclization brought about by hypophosphorous acid

1986

Pyrrolo[1,2-f]phenanthridines were prepared in good yields by the diazotization in acetic acid of the amines la,b and subsequent treatment with hypophosphorous acid. The necessity for hypophosphorous acid in the reaction was demonstrated.

false

1986

In order to graft methacrylonitrile onto preformed networks containing thermolabile azo groups, the monomer was used to swell the networks and then the temperature raised to the decomposition temperature for the azo groups. The unusually high grafting efficiencies yields (e) achieved are explained in terms of both the differences in the reactivities of the primary radicals formed and side reactions, which lead to additional grafting sites. As an aid to understand the dependence of monomer conversion on that of the initiator a kinetic model is discussed, which involves the consideration of the polymerization taking place both in the homogeneous phase and within the polymer pearls, which can …

Morphology and transport parameters of cold-rolled low-density polyethylene

1986

Abstract Sheets of low-density polyethylene were rolled at room temperature. Samples with two different degrees of rolling were obtained. The structural changes induced by the rolling treatments were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and by analyzing the transport properties. Results suggest that in the analyzed range of deformation, the rolling induces a domain structure as a consequence of a nonhomogeneous distribution of the deformation. At lower local deformation the initial morphology is still present, while at higher deformation clumps of folded chains oriented along the rolling directions are observable. The transport properties indicate that the rolling treatment reduc…

Correlates of vibrotactile thresholds in men of different ages

1986

— As a part of a larger gerontological research project vibrotactile thresholds on the inner malleolus of the ankle were studied in 355 men aged 31–35, 51–55 and 71–75 years. The groups studied were random samples of men living in the town of Jyvaskyla in Finland in the year 1981. The thresholds were assessed at three frequencies: 50 Hz, 100 Hz and 250 Hz. The thresholds were associated with age at all frequencies, the means of the threshold values being significantly higher in the older age groups. Within the age groups the thresholds correlated positively with height. In addition, reaction and movement time, leg extension velocity, and postural sway were associated with the thresholds. Ne…

Existentially closed central extensions of locally finite p-groups

1986

Throughout, p will be a fixed prime, and will denote the class of all locally finite p-groups. For a fixed Abelian p-group A, we letwhere ζ(P) denotes the centre of P. Notice that A is not a class in the usual group-theoretic sense, since it is not closed under isomorphisms.

Educacion y agricultura a tiempo parcial

1986

The aim of this paper is to describe the phenomenon of part-time agriculture in the contemporany Spain, and to present a model explaining the allocation of farmers' work time between various activities. In the theorical framework developped here the work decisions are determined by the caractéristics of the agricultural production process, by the farmer's comparative advantage to participate in the labor market, and the amount of his stock of human capital. The empirical verification of the model is based on 1982 provincial data wich allow us to define two complementary indices of farmers' labor supply.

On the number of limit cycles which appear by perturbation of separatrix loop of planar vector fields

1986

Consider a fami ly of vector fCelds x~ on the plane. This fami ly depends on a parameter ~ ~ /R A, for some A ~ /~, and is supposed to be 0 ~ in (m,~) 6 /i~ 2X /~A. Suppose that for ~ = O, the vector f i e l d X o has a separatrix loop. This means that X o has an hyperbol ic saddle point s o and that one of the stable separatr ix of 8 o coincides with one of the unstable one. The union of th is curve and s o is the loop ?. A return map is defined on one side of r .

Isolation on "VERO" cells of a spotted fever group rickettsia "Mortilli strain" from Rhipicephalus sanguineus.

1986

The isolation of a Spotted Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsia « Mortilli strain » from brown dog ticks Rhipicephalu.s sanguineus removed from dogs associated with a confirmed case of Boutonneuse Fever (BF) in a site of a Western Sicily is reported. The need is stressed for isolation and adaption on cell cultures of SFG rickettsial strains for analysis of antigenic structure employing modern methodology.

false

1986

An osmotic pressure equation proposed over 50 years ago is found to be consistent with the des Cloizeaux scaling relation for semi-dilute polymer solutions in good solvents. With a physically plausible modification, the equation can also give a satisfactory representation of dilute solutions and of the cross-over to the semi-dilute regime.

Complexes of Tungsten(VI) with Mucic Acid: a Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Study in Aqueous Solution

1986

Abstract Spectrophotometric work on mucic acid-W(VI) system shows the formation of three different oxoanion complexes in aqueous solution; their stability is dependent upon pH. One of the complexes is monomeric tungstodimucate and the other two are 2/2 species. An anomalous cryoscopic behaviour, similar to that of W(VI) tartaric system, has been observed for the dimeric complex formed at higher pH. The stoichiometries and conditional dissociation constants have been polarimetrically determined by means of competitive reactions between the mucic and tartaric ligands. 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra have been interpreted for the similar complex species of both mucic and tartaric acids.

Pion exchange current effects inv ? +d??? +p+p

1986

The differential cross sectiondσ/dq2 for the processvμ+d→μ−+p+p is studied using realistic deuteron wave functions and closure over the dinucleon states. The effect of meson exchange currents is estimated using one-pion exchange diagrams in the static limit. Implications of our present results on the determination ofFA(q2) from neutrinodeuteron reaction experiments are discussed.

Electromagnetic properties of low-spin states in102, 104Pd

1986

Electromagnetic transitions from low-lying 0+, 2+, 4+ and 3− states in102, 104Pd have been studied using (p, 2n) and (p, p′) reactions and Coulomb excitation. TheE2 transition probabilities from the 0 3 + state in102Pd (13 W.u.) and from the 02/+ state in104Pd (14 W.u.) are somewhat low for two-phonon states. Generally, theE2 transition rates are reasonably well reproduced by the IBA-2 and by the boson-expansion description. The intruding 0 2 + state (t1/2=14.3 ns) in102Pd is connected to the 22/+ and 2 3 + states via strong E2 transitions: B(E2; 0 2 + → 2 2 + )=96±40 W.u.; B(E2; 2 3 + → 0 2 + =17±11 W.u.

Intracellular localisation of some peptidases and alpha-mannosidase in cotyledons of resting kidney bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

1986

Cotyledons of resting kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L., cv. “Processor”) contain high activities of two alkaline peptidases, an aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11) acting on Leu-Tyr and Leu-Gly-Gly and a dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13) hydrolysing Ala-Gly together with low activities of neutral naphthyiamidases (marker substrate Leu-β-NA) and of acid carboxypeptidases (EC 3.4.16; marker substrate Z-Phe-Ala). The intracellular localisation of these peptidases and that of α-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) was studied by subcellular fractionations in different media. In density gradient centrifugations in non-aqueous glycerol-potassium iodide media the alkaline peptidases remained mainly in the application zone …

Insertion des jeunes : 1986, l'année stage

1986

Mode superposition methods in dynamic analysis of classically and non-classically damped linear systems

1986

Mode-superposition analysis is an efficient tool for the evaluation of the response of linear systems subjected to dynamic agencies. Two well-known mode-superposition methods are available in the literature, the mode-displacement method and the mode-acceleration method. Within this frame a method is proposed called a dynamic correction method which evaluates the structural response as the sum of a pseudostatic response, which is the particular solution of the differential equations, and a dynamic correction evaluated using a reduced number of natural modes. The greater accuracy of the proposed method with respect to the other methods is evidenced through extensive numerical tests, for class…

A finite-difference method for numerical solution of the steady-state nernst—planck equations with non-zero convection and electric current density

1986

Abstract A computer algorithm has been developed for digital simulation of ionic transport through membranes obeying the Nernst—Planck and Poisson equations. The method of computation is quite general and allows the treatment of steady-state electrodiffusion equations for multiionic environments, the ionic species having arbitrary valences and mobilities, when convection and electric current are involved. The procedure provides a great flexibility in the choice of suitable boundary conditions and avoids numerical instabilities which are so frequent in numerical methods. Numerical results for concentration and electric potential gradient profiles are presented in the particular case of the t…

Collisional ionization as a sensitive detection scheme in collinear laser-fast-beam spectroscopy

1986

Abstract State-selective collisional ionization of fast atomic beams is used to detect optical pumping. Counting of these ions is superior in sensitivity by several orders of magnitude to the conventional fluorescence detection, provided that the energy levels involved in the optical pumping process are sufficiently well separated. A straightforward application is envisaged in the collinear laser-fast-beam spectroscopy of rare-gas isotopes far from stability of which only very weak beams are available from on-line isotope separators.

ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Complexes of Cimetidine and Phenobarbital with Cu(II) in Methanolic Solution.

1986

The formation constants of the binary complexes Cu(CM)2+ and Cu(CM) 2 2+ as well as those of the ternary complexes Cu(CM)L + and Cu(CM)2 L + (CM=Cimetidine=N-Cyano-N′-methyl-N″[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methyltioethyl]-guanidine; HL=Phenobarbital=5-ethyl-5-phenyl-barbituric acid) have been determined in 0.1 and 1.0 mol dm−3 NaClO4 methanol solutions at 25±0.2°C. The values of logX, log βstat.., and Δ logK confirm the stability of the ternary complexes.

Proteins from rat liver cytosol which stimulate mRNA transport. Purification and interactions with the nuclear envelope mRNA translocation system.

1986

Two polysome-associated proteins with particular affinities for poly(A) have been purified from rat liver. These proteins stimulate the efflux of mRNA from isolated nuclei in conditions under which such efflux closely stimulates mRNA transport in vivo, and they are therefore considered as mRNA-transport-stimulatory proteins. Their interaction with the mRNA-translocation system in isolated nuclear envelopes has been studied. The results are generally consistent with the most recently proposed kinetic model of mRNA translocation. One protein, P58, has not been described previously. It inhibits the protein kinase that down-regulates the NTPase, it enhances the NTPase activity in both the prese…

4-Alkenyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole

1986

Die Titelverbindungen 5 werden aus entsprechenden Alkylderivaten durch Bromierung/Dehydrobromierung (Weg A) oder durch Wittig-Reaktion (Weg B) dargestellt. Mit 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion entstehen unter Erhaltung des Thiadiazolrings die Monoaddukte 12. 4-Alkenyl-1,2,3-thiadiazoles The title compounds 5 are prepared from the corresponding alkyl derivatives by bromination/dehydrobromination (route A) or by Wittig reaction (route B). 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione yields the monoadducts 12 by maintenance of the thiadiazole ring.

Electronic structure and positron states at vacancies in Si and GaAs

1986

5-Alkenyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole

1986

Es wird die Herstellung der Titelverbindungen 5 durch Bromierung-Dehydrobromierung entsprechender 5-Alkyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole 3, ihre spektroskopische Charakterisierung und ihre Umsetzung mit 4-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion (6) zu 7, 8 beschrieben. 5-Alkenyl-1,2,3-thiadiazoles A method of preparation for the title compounds 5, by bromination-dehydrobromination of the corresponding 5-alkyl-1,2,3-thiadiazoles 3, their spectroscopical characterization, and the reaction of 5 with 4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-dione (6) with formation of 7, 8 is described.

Polymerisation und Kettenverknüpfung von Alkenyl-1,2,3-thiadiazolen

1986

4- und 5-Vinyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole 1, 2 lassen sich in radikalischen oder kationischen Kettenreaktionen polymerisieren. Die dabei vollstandig intakt bleibenden Thiadiazolringe konnen photochemisch abgebaut werden, wobei es zur Kettenvernetzung uber substanzeigene S-Brucken kommt. Das 5-Vinylsystem 2 kann mit 4,4′-(1,6-Hexandiyl)bis(4H-1,2,4-triazol-3,5-dion) unter Denitrogenierung copolymerisiert werden. Polymerization and Cross-Linking of Alkenyl-1,2,3-thiadiazoles 4- and 5-Vinyl-1,2,3-thiadiazoles 1, 2 can be polymerized in radical or cationic chain processes. The completely intact remaining thiadiazole ring systems can be photochemically cleaved yielding a cross-linking of the polymer chai…

From Nazi holocaust to nuclear holocaust: a lesson to learn?

1986

In a 1986 address to the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, a German physician describes his profession's embrace of National Socialism. The nationalistic sentiments of German scientists led them to identify with the goals of the Third Reich and to participate in its programs. He gives examples of physician involvement in the Nazi Party, discrimination against "non-Aryan" doctors, "eugenic" mass murder, and lethal experiments with human subjects. The few who protested were regarded as traitors by the profession as a whole, and post-war apologists argue that physicians' organizations had no choice but to collaborate with the Nazis. Hanauske-Abel rejects this reasonin…

Radio and Television Growth in the Third World, 1960-1985

1986

Occurrence of acid and neutral carboxypeptidases in germinating cereals

1986

High neutral metallocarboxypeptidase activity (EC 3.4.17) has earlier been detected in young seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.) using benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanine (Z-Phe-Ala) as substrate at pH 7. This finding was confirmed, and it was observed that the activity could be assayed with higher specificity and sensitivity by using Z-Gly-Ala or Z-Gly-Phe as substrate at pH 6.5–7. No corresponding activity was detected in seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya), oats (Avena sativa L.) or maize (Zea mays L.). The seedlings of the four cereals possessed similar activities of acid carboxypeptidases (EC 3.4.16; hydrolysis of Z-Phe-Ala and Z-Ala-Phe at pH 5.2 and of Z-Ala-…

Aurintricarboxylic acid as a nuclease inhibitor in fungal protoplasts

1986

Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), a potent nuclease inhibitor, has been shown to prevent foreign DNA degradation in transformation of Penicillium chrysogenum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ATA may be useful not only in vitro but also in vivo.

Convex semi-infinite games

1986

This paper introduces a generalization of semi-infinite games. The pure strategies for player I involve choosing one function from an infinite family of convex functions, while the set of mixed strategies for player II is a closed convex setC inRn. The minimax theorem applies under a condition which limits the directions of recession ofC. Player II always has optimal strategies. These are shown to exist for player I also if a certain infinite system verifies the property of Farkas-Minkowski. The paper also studies certain conditions that guarantee the finiteness of the value of the game and the existence of optimal pure strategies for player I.

Inhibitoren der Korrosion 31 (1). Beitrag zur Inhibierung der Korrosion von Zink und Messing

1986

Folgende als Inhibitoren der Korrosion vom Kupfer bewahrte Verbindungen wurden bei Korrosionsstudien mit Zink und Messing eingesetzt: 2-Aminopyrimidin (A), 5-Aminotetrazolmonohydrat (B), Benzotriazol (C), Kupferron (D), 2-Mercaptopyrimidin (E), 2-Mercaptothiazolin (F), 2-Methyl-4-amino-5-cyanopyrimidin (G), Tetrazin-B (H) und Xanthanwasserstoff (I). Bei Zinkblechen wird unter Standardbedingungen in Gegenwart der Verbindungen A, B, C, E und G im Laufe von 15 Tagen Totalkorrosion beobachtet. In Anwesenheit der Verbindungen D, F und H werden prozentuale Schutzwerte von 29%, 14% und 39% beobachtet. Ein differenzierteres Bild vermitteln die pH-statisch ermittelten Saureverbrauchs-Zeit-Kurven mit…

Fresh cell therapy followed by fatal coma

1986

A 60-year-old woman received a 3-day course of nine injections of “fresh” cells from fetal lamb ovary, placenta, brain (hypothalamus) and liver. There were no immediate complications, but a few days later she developed headache, fever and hemiparesis. She subsequently fell into a coma and died 3 weeks after her fresh cell therapy and 2 weeks after the onset of her clinical symptoms. Autopsy revealed perivenous leucoencephalopathy with a probably steroid-treatment-induced paucity of perivascular inflammation. Fresh cell therapy, clinical symptomatology and morphological findings suggest, though do not prove, that this patient's monophasic and probably immune-mediated disease is a rare and fa…