0000000000532628
AUTHOR
Ana Miranda
MEMORIA DE TRABAJO EN NIÑOS DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL CON Y SIN BAJO RENDIMIENTO MATEMÁTICO
Abstract:This study aims to explore working memory in preschool children with and without low mathematical performance. The sample consisted of 255 children aged 5-6 years, to whom were administered neuropsychological tests of working memory and TEDI-MATH to estimate the mathematical performance. The results highlight the capacity of verbal working memory to significantly differentiate groups of children with and without problems in 8 of the 9 analyzed mathematical domains. This factor together with visuospatial working memory differentiate the group of children at risk for mathematical learning disabilities.Keywords: working memory, preschool, math performance, mathematics learning disabil…
ADHD and DAT1: Further evidence of paternal over-transmission of risk alleles and haplotype
Contains fulltext : 87259.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) We [Hawi et al. (2005); Am J Hum Genet 77:958-965] reported paternal over-transmission of risk alleles in some ADHD-associated genes. This was particularly clear in the case of the DAT1 3'-UTR VNTR. In the current investigation, we analyzed three new sample comprising of 1,248 ADHD nuclear families to examine the allelic over-transmission of DAT1 in ADHD. The IMAGE sample, the largest of the three-replication samples, provides strong support for a parent of origin effect for allele 6 and the 10 repeat allele (intron 8 and 3'-UTR VNTR, respectively) of DAT1. In addition, a similar pattern of over-transmission of paternal ri…
Candidate genetic pathways for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show association to hyperactive/impulsive symptoms in children with ADHD
Item does not contain fulltext OBJECTIVE: Because multiple genes with small effect sizes are assumed to play a role in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) etiology, considering multiple variants within the same analysis likely increases the total explained phenotypic variance, thereby boosting the power of genetic studies. This study investigated whether pathway-based analysis could bring scientists closer to unraveling the biology of ADHD. METHOD: The pathway was described as a predefined gene selection based on a well-established database or literature data. Common genetic variants in pathways involved in dopamine/norepinephrine and serotonin neurotransmission and genes involv…
Relationships between the social communication questionnaire and pragmatic language, socialization skills, and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorders.
The Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) is one of the most widely used screening instruments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the relationships between the reciprocal social interaction, communication, and repetitive/stereotyped factors on the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and pragmatic, socialization, and behavioral problems in children with ASD and children with typical development (TD). Participants were seven- to 11-year-old children with ASD without intellectual disability (
Exploring the profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder: association with family factors.
This study aimed to identify different profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability (ID) and maternal factors characteristic of these profiles. Participants were 89 children between 7 and 11 years old and their mothers, distributed in two groups, 52 children with ASD and 37 with typical development (TD). Based on the children’s adaptive, behavioral, and pragmatic manifestations, three clusters were obtained in the ASD group. Children with the most serious difficulties in all the domains assessed were assigned to Cluster 1, whereas the children in Cluster 3 were characterized by relatively minor problems. Cluster 2 comprised children with moderate …
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Contains fulltext : 87688.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) OBJECTIVE: Although twin and family studies have shown attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to be highly heritable, genetic variants influencing the trait at a genome-wide significant level have yet to be identified. As prior genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not yielded significant results, we conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies to boost statistical power. METHOD: We used data from four projects: a) the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP); b) phase I of the International Multicenter ADHD Genetics project (IMAGE); c) phase II of IMAGE (IMAGE II); and d) the Pfizer-funded study from the…
Population differences in the International Multi-Centre ADHD Gene Project.
Contains fulltext : 71443.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) The International Multi-Centre ADHD Gene sample consists of 674 families from eight countries (Belgium, England, Germany, Holland, Ireland, Israel, Spain, and Switzerland) ascertained from clinics for combined-type attention definity hyperactivity disorder in an offspring. 863 SNPs were successfully genotyped across 47 autosomal genes implicated in psychiatric disorders yielding a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density of approximately one SNP per 2.5 kb. A global test of heterogeneity showed 269 SNPs nominally significant (expected 43). Inclusion of the Israeli population accounted for approximately 70% of these nom…
DSM-IV Combined Type ADHD Shows Familial Association With Sibling Trait Scores
Contains fulltext : 69060.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a discrete clinical syndrome characterized by the triad of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in the context of marked impairments. Molecular genetic studies have been successful in identifying genetic variants associated with ADHD, particularly with DSM-IV inattentive and combined subtypes. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) approaches to linkage and association mapping have yet to be widely used in ADHD research, although twin studies investigating individual differences suggest that genetic liability for ADHD is continuously distributed throughout the population, u…
Mothers’ stress and behavioral and emotional problems in children with ADHD. Mediation of coping strategies
The present study compared mothers' stress and the behavioral/emotional problems of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and children with typical development (TD). Furthermore, the relationships among the mothers' stress, the children's behavioral/emotional problems, and the mothers' coping strategies in both groups were identified. The contribution of behavioral/emotional problems to parenting stress in children with ADHD was also studied through mediation effects of the mothers' coping strategies. The parenting stress, coping orientation to problems, and strengths and difficulties questionnaires were administered to 72 mothers of children from 7 to 11 years old: …
Theory of Mind Profiles in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Adaptive/Social Skills and Pragmatic Competence
Theory of Mind (ToM) is one of the most relevant concepts in the field of social cognition, particularly in the case of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Literature showing that individuals with ASD display deficits in ToM is extensive and robust. However, some related issues deserve more research: the heterogeneous profile of ToM abilities in children with ASD and the association between different levels of ToM development and social, pragmatic, and adaptive behaviors in everyday life. The first objective of this study was to identify profiles of children with ASD without intellectual disability (ID), based on explicit and applied ToM knowledge, and compare these profiles with a group of ch…
Empirical examination of executive functioning, ADHD associated behaviors, and functional impairments in adults with persistent ADHD, remittent ADHD, and without ADHD
Abstract Background Previous studies suggest that childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may continue in adulthood, producing adverse effects. Therefore, identifying factors that help to differentiate characteristics of ADHD persistence and remission has practical implications for evaluation and treatment. The first aim of this study was to analyze differences in executive functions (shift, working memory, inhibition, and plan/organize), symptoms associated with ADHD (inattention, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and self-concept), and functional impairments in adults with persistent ADHD (ADHD-P), with remittent ADHD (ADHD-R), and without ADHD (N-ADHD). The second aim …
Effects of a Psychosocial Intervention on the Executive Functioning in Children With ADHD
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of an intensive psychosocial intervention on the executive functioning (EF) in children with ADHD. The treatment was carried out in a coordinated manner over a period of 10 weeks with 27 children with ADHD aged 7 to 10, their parents, and their teachers. A battery of neuropsychological tasks was applied to evaluate attention, interference control, verbal and visuospatial working memory, planning ability, and flexibility. The comparative analysis of the treated group of ADHD children and an untreated ADHD group showed significant differences that were especially important in visuospatial memory and planning in favor of the treated childre…
Association between DRD2/DRD4 interaction and conduct disorder: a potential developmental pathway to alcohol dependence
1 Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil 2 King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, London, United Kingdom, UK 3 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany 4 Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 5 Psychology Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 6 Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition an…
Testicular germ-cell tumours and penile squamous cell carcinoma: Appropriate management makes the difference
Germ-cell tumours (GCT) of the testis and penile squamous cell carcinoma (PeSCC) are a rare and a very rare uro-genital cancers, respectively. Both tumours are well defined entities in terms of management, where specific recommendations - in the form of continuously up-to-dated guide lines- are provided. Impact of these tumour is relevant. Testicular GCT affects young, healthy men at the beginning of their adult life. PeSCC affects older men, but a proportion of these patients are young and the personal consequences of the disease may be devastating. Deviation from recommended management may be a reason of a significant prognostic worsening, as proper treatment favourably impacts on these t…
Occupational factors and risk of adult bone sarcomas:a multicentric case-control study in Europe
International audience; We investigated the association between occupational factors and risk of bone sarcoma, a rare tumor with a largely unknown aetiology. A multicentric case-control study was conducted in 7 European countries in 1995-97. Ninety-six cases aged 35-69 years with a centrally reviewed diagnosis of bone sarcoma (68 chondrosarcomas and 28 osteosarcomas) were compared to 2,632 population (68%) or colon cancer (32%) controls. Subjects were interviewed to obtain information on occupational, medical and reproductive history, smoking and alcohol consumption and selected exposures including use of pesticides. Response proportions were 90% among cases and 66% among controls. Odds rat…
Interventions in School Settings for Students With ADHD
This article consists of a review of 16 research studies on treatments in school settings for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) carried out in the last decade. It includes both simple interventions and multicomponent interventions where different techniques are combined. Based on this revision, the conclusion is drawn that, based on the evidence, school-based treatments for ADHD are effective in the short run for reducing disruptive behaviors and improving on-task behavior and academic performance of children with ADHD. Issues regarding the limitations to generalizing the improvements over time and across content areas are discussed. Furthermore, results from the…
Genome-wide association scan of quantitative traits for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder identifies novel associations and confirms candidate gene associations
Contains fulltext : 70192.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex condition with environmental and genetic etiologies. Up to this point, research has identified genetic associations with candidate genes from known biological pathways. In order to identify novel ADHD susceptibility genes, 600,000 SNPs were genotyped in 958 ADHD proband-parent trios. After applying data cleaning procedures we examined 429,981 autosomal SNPs in 909 family trios. We generated six quantitative phenotypes from 18 ADHD symptoms to be used in genome-wide association analyses. With the PBAT screening algorithm, we identified 2 SNPs, rs6565113 and rs5526…
The impact of study design and diagnostic approach in a large multi-centre ADHD study: Part 2: Dimensional measures of psychopathology and intelligence
Contains fulltext : 97437.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: The International Multi-centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project with 11 participating centres from 7 European countries and Israel has collected a large behavioural and genetic database for present and future research. Behavioural data were collected from 1068 probands with ADHD and 1446 unselected siblings. The aim was to describe and analyse questionnaire data and IQ measures from all probands and siblings. In particular, to investigate the influence of age, gender, family status (proband vs. sibling), informant, and centres on sample homogeneity in psychopathological measures. METHODS: Conners' Questionnaires, St…
INFLUENCIA DE FACTORES FAMILIARES Y PERSONALES EN LA EVOLUCIÓN NEGATIVA DEL TDAH
Abstract.INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL AND FAMILY FACTORS ON THE NEGATIVE COURSE OF ADHDObjective. To study the effect of the cumulative adversity on the course of ADHD symptoms, associated problems and dysfunctionality of ADHD children. Method. 61 families of children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD combined subtype were evaluated on two different times (Time I: mean age = 8.7; Time II: mean age = 11). We developed a personal risk index (high levels of ADHD symptoms, high number of associated problems, presence of oppositionism, stressful child characteristics and family history of ADHD), a family risk index (presence of mothers’ psychopathology, high parental stress and dysfunctional discipline…
Epidemiology of rare cancers and inequalities in oncologic outcomes
Rare cancers epidemiology is better known compared to the other rare diseases. Thanks to the long history of the European population-based cancer registries and to the EUROCARE huge database, the burden of rare cancers has been estimated the European (EU28) population. A considerable fraction of all cancers is represented by rare cancers (24%). They are a heterogeneous group of diseases, but they share similar problems: uncertainty of diagnosis, lack of therapies, poor research opportunities, difficulties in clinical trials, lack of expertise and of centres of reference. This paper analyses the major epidemiological indicators of frequency (incidence and prevalence) and outcome (5-year surv…
ComparaciÓn de dos procedimientos de instrucciÓn en comprensiÓn y aprendizaje de textos: instrucciÓn directa y enseñanza recíproca
ResumenEl presente trabajo compara dos procedimientos para ensenar estrategias de comprensiOn y aprendizaje de textos. Estos dos procedimientOs difieren en el grado de participaciOn que los estudiantes tienen en el proceso de ensenanza. Se seleccionaron 21 ninos de 5° de E.G.B. sin dificultades de acceso lexico pero con baja comprensiOn lectora, los cuales fueron asignados aleatoriamente a tres grupos: instrucciOn directa, ensenanza reciproca y control. Se tomaron tres tipos de medidas para evaluar efectos directos e indirectos: median estrategias incluidas en ambos programas, en uno sOlo de ellos y no incluidas en ninguno de los dos con intenciOn de valorar el grado de generalizaciOn de lo…
Treatment challenges in and outside a network setting: Head and neck cancers.
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a rare disease that can affect different sites and is characterized by variable incidence and 5-year survival rates across Europe. Multiple factors need to be considered when choosing the most appropriate treatment for HNC patients, such as age, comorbidities, social issues, and especially whether to prefer surgery or radiation-based protocols. Given the complexity of this scenario, the creation of a highly specialized multidisciplinary team is recommended to guarantee the best oncological outcome and prevent or adequately treat any adverse effect. Data from literature suggest that the multidisciplinary team-based approach is beneficial for HNC patients and lea…
Subgroups of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability: A Longitudinal Examination of Executive and Socio-Adaptive Behaviors in Adolescence
Within the autistic spectrum, there is remarkable variability in the etiology, presentation, and treatment response. This prospective study was designed to identify, through cluster analysis, subgroups of individuals with ASD without intellectual disability (ID) based on the severity of the core symptoms in childhood. The secondary aim was to explore whether these subgroups and a group with typical development (TD) differ in cognitive, adaptive, and social aspects measured in adolescence. The sample at baseline was comprised of 52 children with ASD without ID and 37 children with TD, aged 7–11. Among the ASD group, three clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (40%), ‘high severity’, presented …
Genome-wide association scan of the time to onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Contains fulltext : 70149.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) A time-to-onset analysis for family-based samples was performed on the genomewide association (GWAS) data for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to determine if associations exist with the age at onset of ADHD. The initial dataset consisted of 958 parent-offspring trios that were genotyped on the Perlegen 600,000 SNP array. After data cleaning procedures, 429,981 autosomal SNPs and 930 parent-offspring trios were used found suitable for use and a family-based logrank analysis was performed using that age at first ADHD symptoms as the quantitative trait of interest. No SNP achieved genome-wide significance, and…
Dopamine and serotonin transporter genotypes moderate sensitivity to maternal expressed emotion: the case of conduct and emotional problems in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Contains fulltext : 80906.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: Mothers' positive emotions expressed about their children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with a reduced likelihood of comorbid conduct problems (CP). We examined whether this association with CP, and one with emotional problems (EMO), is moderated by variants within three genes, previously reported to be associated with ADHD and to moderate the impact of environmental risks on conduct and/or emotional problems; the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3/DAT1), the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4/5HTT). METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty-…
Emotional lability in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): clinical correlates and familial prevalence
Background: The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence, severity and clinical correlates of emotional lability (EL) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to examine factors contributing to EL and familiality of EL in youth with ADHD. Methods: One thousand, one hundred and eighty-six children with ADHD combined type and 1827 siblings (aged 6–18 years) were assessed for symptoms of EL, ADHD, associated psychopathology and comorbid psychiatric disorders with a structured diagnostic interview (PACS) as well as parent and teacher ratings of psychopathology (SDQ; CPRS-R:L; CTRS-R:L). Analyses of variance, regression analyses, ?2-tests or loglinear mod…
Is attribution retraining necessary? Use of self-regulation procedures for enhancing the reading comprehension strategies of children with learning disabilities
The present study investigates the need to include explicit attribution retraining in a program designed to teach reading comprehension strategies to children with learning disabilities (LD). The program had two versions: (a) self-regulation procedures and (b) self-regulation procedures plus explicit attributional retraining. Sixty children with LD were assigned to two training groups (with and without attributional retraining) and a control group. Twenty normally achieving students served as an additional control group. The effects were assessed via attribution measures and cognitive and metacognitive reading comprehension tests. Results indicated that children from both training groups i…
A functional variant of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) moderates impulsive choice in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder boys and siblings
Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Impulsive drive for immediate reward (IDIR) and delay aversion are dissociable elements of the preference for immediate over delayed rewards seen in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We hypothesized that IDIR would be associated with dopamine regulating genes and delay aversion would be associated with serotonin-regulating genes. METHODS: Impulsive drive for immediate reward and delay aversion were measured in 459 male children and adolescents (328 ADHD and 131 unaffected siblings) with a laboratory choice task. The sample was genotyped for the 5HTT (SLC6A4) promoter serotonin-transporter-linked polymorphic region polymorphism and a …
Cotransmission of conduct problems with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: familial evidence for a distinct disorder
Contains fulltext : 69215.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Common disorders of childhood and adolescence are attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). For one to two cases in three diagnosed with ADHD the disorders may be comorbid. However, whether comorbid conduct problems (CP) represents a separate disorder or a severe form of ADHD remains controversial. We investigated familial recurrence patterns of the pure or comorbid condition in families with at least two children and one definite case of DSM-IV ADHDct (combined-type) as part of the International Multicentre ADHD Genetics Study (IMAGE). Using case diagno…
Treatment challenges in and outside a specialist network setting: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms comprise a group of rare tumours with special biology, an often indolent behaviour and particular diagnostic and therapeutic requirements. The specialized biochemical tests and radiological investigations, the complexity of surgical options and the variety of medical treatments that require individual tailoring, mandate a multidisciplinary approach that can be optimally achieved through an organized network. The present study describes currents concepts in the management of these tumours as well as an insight into the challenges of delivering the pathway in and outside a Network.
Partial replication of a DRD4 association in ADHD individuals using a statistically derived quantitative trait for ADHD in a family-based association test.
Contains fulltext : 52515.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: Previous research found an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of DRD4 and statistically derived phenotypes generated from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We sought to replicate this finding by using the same methodology in an independent sample of ADHD individuals. METHODS: Four SNPs were genotyped in and around DRD4 in 2631 individuals in 642 families. We developed a quantitative phenotype at each SNP by weighting nine inattentive and nine hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. The weights were selected to maximize the heritability at each SNP. …
Measuring Impulsivity in School-Aged Boys and Examining Its Relationship with ADHD and ODD Ratings
Seven different laboratory measures of impulsivity were administered to a group of 165 school-aged boys. Parents' and teachers' ratings of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Oppositional/Defiant Disorder were also obtained. Factor analyses of impulsivity measures revealed the existence of a strong Inhibitory Control Factor including measures derived from Stop Task, the Continuous Performance Test, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and the Circle Tracing Task. Other forms of impulsivity like resistance to interference, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and efficiency in the DRL Task loaded on a second independent factor. The Inhibitory Control factor was correlated with ADHD ra…
Family context of children with autism. Implications for emotional and social development
Families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be differentiated according to sociodemographics and environmental risk factors characterized by stress parental, the use of coping strategies and social support. The aim of this study was to analyze the behavioral, emotional and social manifestations of children with ASD, related to different types of families characterized according risk factors as families with "high risk", with "moderated risk" and with "low risk". Participants were 52 mothers and their children between 7 and 11 years old with ASD without intellectual disability. All mothers provided information about children's behavior through the Strengths and Difficulties …
Emotional and behavioral problems in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Impact of age and learning disabilities
Comorbidity with other psychological problems (PP) complicates the course of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and makes treatment more difficult. The purpose of the present study was to (a) study the correspondence between the perceptions of parents and teachers about PP, (b) determine which PP predict the severity of the manifestations of ADHD, and (c) analyze the role of age and learning disabilities (LD) in the development of PP and ADHD. The participants were 72 children with a clinical diagnosis of ADHD. The PP were measured using rating scales filled out by parents and teachers. The results showed high correspondence between the two informant groups in rating the probl…
Association of ADHD with genetic variants in the 5'-region of the dopamine transporter gene: evidence for allelic heterogeneity.
Contains fulltext : 69953.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Multiple studies have reported an association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the 10-repeat allele of a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1). Yet, recent meta-analyses of available data find little or no evidence for this association; although there is strong evidence for heterogeneity between datasets. This pattern of findings could arise for several reasons including the presence of relatively rare risk alleles on common haplotype backgrounds or the functional interaction of two or more loci within the g…
Reading Performance of Young Adults With ADHD Diagnosed in Childhood
Objective: To study reading performance of young adults with ADHD and its relation with executive functioning. Method: Thirty young adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD and 30 with normal development (ND) were compared on reading accuracy, fluency, and comprehension. Furthermore, ADHD with reading disabilities (ADHD+RD) and ADHD without reading disabilities (ADHD-RD) subgroups were compared using self-report and informant-report versions of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult version (BRIEF-A). Results: Adults with ADHD obtained significantly worse results than the ND adults on reading speed, responses to literal questions, and a cloze test. Although the comparis…
Performance variability, impulsivity errors and the impact of incentives as gender-independent endophenotypes for ADHD
Background:Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and highly heritable child psychiatric disorders. There is strong evidence that children with ADHD show slower and more variable responses in tasks such as Go/Nogo tapping aspects of executive functions like sustained attention and response control which may be modulated by motivational factors and/or state-regulation processes. The aim of this study was (1) to determine if these executive functions may constitute an endophenotype for ADHD; (2) to investigate for the first time whether known modulators of these executive functions may also be familial; and (3) to explore whether gender has an impact on thes…
The ATXN1 and TRIM31 genes are related to intelligence in an ADHD background: evidence from a large collaborative study totaling 4,963 subjects
Contains fulltext : 96400.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Intelligence is a highly heritable trait for which it has proven difficult to identify the actual genes. In the past decade, five whole-genome linkage scans have suggested genomic regions important to human intelligence; however, so far none of the responsible genes or variants in those regions have been identified. Apart from these regions, a handful of candidate genes have been identified, although most of these are in need of replication. The recent growth in publicly available data sets that contain both whole genome association data and a wealth of phenotypic data, serves as an excellent resource for fine mapping and …
Identifying loci for the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder using a genome-wide QTL linkage approach
Contains fulltext : 88211.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) OBJECTIVE: The genetic basis for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was addressed using a genome-wide linkage approach. METHOD: Participants of the International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics study comprising 1,143 probands with ADHD and 1,453 siblings were analyzed. The total and subscale scores of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) were used as quantitative traits for multipoint regression-based linkage analyses on 5,407 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms applying MERLIN-regress software, both without and with inclusion of ADHD symptom sc…
The influence of serotonin- and other genes on impulsive behavioral aggression and cognitive impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Findings from a family-based association test (FBAT) analysis
Contains fulltext : 70708.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Low serotonergic (5-HT) activity correlates with increased impulsive-aggressive behavior, while the opposite association may apply to cognitive impulsiveness. Both types of impulsivity are associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and genes of functional significance for the 5-HT system are implicated in this disorder. Here we demonstrate the separation of aggressive and cognitive components of impulsivity from symptom ratings and test their association with 5-HT and functionally related genes using a family-based association test (FBAT-PC). METHODS: Our sample consisted of 1180 o…
Does parental expressed emotion moderate genetic effects in ADHD? An exploration using a genome wide association scan.
Contains fulltext : 70497.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Studies of gene x environment (G x E) interaction in ADHD have previously focused on known risk genes for ADHD and environmentally mediated biological risk. Here we use G x E analysis in the context of a genome-wide association scan to identify novel genes whose effects on ADHD symptoms and comorbid conduct disorder are moderated by high maternal expressed emotion (EE). SNPs (600,000) were genotyped in 958 ADHD proband-parent trios. After applying data cleaning procedures we examined 429,981 autosomal SNPs in 909 family trios. ADHD symptom severity and comorbid conduct disorder was measured using the Parental Account of Ch…
Narrative writing competence and internal state terms of young adults clinically diagnosed with childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Abstract Objective The first objective of this study was to compare the written expression competence of young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with that of young adults without ADHD on three types of measures: indicators of the story's microstructure with regard to productivity and morphosyntax; indicators of the macrostructure (story grammar); and expressions of the mental states of the story's characters (internal state language). The second objective consisted of determining the relationships among the different narrative writing measures and the ADHD behavior ratings of inattention and hyperactivity obtained using the family observer report. Method The sample…
Genome-wide association study of motor coordination problems in ADHD identifies genes for brain and muscle function.
Item does not contain fulltext OBJECTIVES: Motor coordination problems are frequent in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genes contributing to motor coordination problems, hypothesizing that the presence of such problems in children with ADHD may identify a sample of reduced genetic heterogeneity. METHODS: Children with ADHD from the International Multicentre ADHD Genetic (IMAGE) study were evaluated with the Parental Account of Children's Symptoms. Genetic association testing was performed in PLINK on 890 probands with genome-wide genotyping data. Bioinformatics enrichment-analysis was performed on highly…
Differential dopamine receptor D4 allele association with ADHD dependent of proband season of birth
Contains fulltext : 70196.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Season of birth (SOB) has been associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in two existing studies. One further study reported an interaction between SOB and genotypes of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene. It is important that these findings are further investigated to confirm or refute the findings. In this study, we investigated the SOB association with ADHD in four independent samples collected for molecular genetic studies of ADHD and found a small but significant increase in summer births compared to a large population control dataset. We also observed a significant association with the 7-repeat…
Parent of origin effects in attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): analysis of data from the international multicenter ADHD genetics (IMAGE) program.
Contains fulltext : 71540.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) There are conflicting reports suggesting that the parental origin of transmitted risk alleles may play a role in the etiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A recent report by Hawi and colleagues observed a generalized paternal over-transmission of alleles associated with ADHD. This was not replicated in more recent studies. Using data from a large multicenter study we examined the overall and gene-specific parent of origin effect in 554 independent SNPs across 47 genes. Transmission disequilibrium and explicit parent of origin test were performed using PLINK. Overall parent of origin effect was tested…
EFECTOS A LARGO PLAZO DE UNA INTERVENCIÓN PSICOSOCIAL EN EL CONTEXTO FAMILIAR DE NIÑOS CON TDAH
Abstract.The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term effects of an intervention that integrated three programs implemented with 27 children with ADHD combined subtype of 7 to 10 years old, their parents and their teachers. The intervention lasted 10 weeks and included behavior modification, cognitive behavioral techniques, social skills and academic accommodations. Effects on different variables of family functioning were assessed. The results show that significant improvements observed after treatment in virtually all the variables analyzed are not mostly maintained a year later. Complementary analyzes show, in line with the results obtained after treatment, lowers results in the su…
Motivation and Mathematics Performance: A Longitudinal Study in Early Educational Stages
Abstract This longitudinal study analyses the predictive value of a set of motivational variables on academic performance in the mathematics area. Analyses were performed on a sample of 180 children, with the data evaluated in two stages in formal educational settings (from kindergarten until 2nd year of Primary School). Likewise, differences between three groups (with low, average, and high mathematical performance at the end of second year of Primary School) in motivational and attributional variables assessed initially are also studied. The results show a significant predictive power on later mathematics achievement for self-perceived competence. Also persistence, attitude, and positive …
Meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage scans of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Contains fulltext : 69243.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Genetic contribution to the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well established. Seven independent genome-wide linkage scans have been performed to map loci that increase the risk for ADHD. Although significant linkage signals were identified in some of the studies, there has been limited replications between the various independent datasets. The current study gathered the results from all seven of the ADHD linkage scans and performed a Genome Scan Meta Analysis (GSMA) to identify the genomic region with most consistent linkage evidence across the studies. Genome-wide significant linkage (P(S…
Separation of Cognitive Impairments in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Into 2 Familial Factors
Contains fulltext : 89304.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) CONTEXT: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with widespread cognitive impairments, but it is not known whether the apparent multiple impairments share etiological roots or separate etiological pathways exist. A better understanding of the etiological pathways is important for the development of targeted interventions and for identification of suitable intermediate phenotypes for molecular genetic investigations. OBJECTIVES: To determine, by using a multivariate familial factor analysis approach, whether 1 or more familial factors underlie the slow and variable reaction times, impaired response inhi…
Aetiology for the covariation between combined type ADHD and reading difficulties in a family study: the role of IQ
Background: Twin studies using both clinical and population-based samples suggest that the frequent co-occurrence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and reading ability/disability (RD) is largely driven by shared genetic influences. While both disorders are associated with lower IQ, recent twin data suggest that the shared genetic variability between reading difficulties and ADHD inattention symptoms is largely independent from genetic influences contributing to general cognitive ability. The current study aimed to extend the previous findings that were based on rating scale measures in a population sample by examining the generalisability of the findings to a clinical popul…
Analysis of Personal and Family Factors in the Persistence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results of a Prospective Follow-Up Study in Childhood
Objectives To study the course of ADHD during childhood and analyze possible personal and family predictor variables of the results. Method Sixty-one children with ADHD who were between 6 and 12 years old at the baseline assessment were evaluated 30 months later (mean age at baseline: 8.70 ± 1.97; mean age at follow-up: 10.98 ± 2.19). Status of ADHD in follow-up was identified as persistent (met DSM-IV-TR criteria according to parents’ and teachers’ ratings), contextually persistent (met ADHD criteria according to one informant, and there was functional impairment) and remitted ADHD (with subthreshold clinical symptomatology). Associated psychological disorders of the three groups were anal…
Motivation and academic achievement in mathematics: a longitudinal study in the early stages of education
Se analiza longitudinalmente la capacidad predictiva de un conjunto de variables motivacionales sobre el rendimiento matemático. Los análisis se realizan, en una muestra de 180 sujetos, con datos evaluados en dos momentos (Educación Infantil 5 años y 2º curso de Primaria). También se estudian las diferencias entre dos grupos, con rendimiento matemático medio y bajo al finalizar el primer ciclo de Primaria, en las variables motivacionales evaluadas en el primer momento. Los resultados muestran un importante poder predictivo sobre el rendimiento matemático posterior de la competencia percibida. También la persistencia, la actitud y la dimensión atribucional de internalidad positiva aportan un…
Effectiveness of a school-based multicomponent program for the treatment of children with ADHD
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent program for treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) carried out by teachers in a classroom context. Dependent measures included neuropsychological tasks, behavioral rating scales for parents and teachers, direct observation of behavior in the classroom, and academic records of children with ADHD. Fifty children with ADHD participated in the study. The teachers of 29 of the 50 students were trained in the use of behavior modification techniques, cognitive behavior strategies, and instructional management strategies. The other 21 students formed the control group. Parents' and teachers'ratings detec…
Examining the Efficacy of an Intervention to Improve Fluency and Reading Comprehension in Spanish Children with Reading Disabilities
The main goal of the present study was to examine the efficacy of a multi‐component programme to improve reading fluency and text comprehension in Spanish children with reading disabilities (RD). Special needs teachers were trained in the application of the programme, which included repeated reading plus phonological awareness training and grapheme–phoneme decoding training. Instruction was delivered one to one. Participants were 22 students with RD, aged 10–13, distributed in two groups: one with 12 children who received the intervention (experimental group), and the other with 10 children who received no intervention (comparison group). The effects of the training programme were evaluated…
Contexto familiar de niños con autismo: Implicaciones en el desarrollo social y emocional
Las familias de niños con trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA) pueden diferenciarse en función de indicadores sociodemográficos y del clima familiar caracterizado por el nivel de estrés parental, el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento y la búsqueda de apoyo social. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias conductuales, emocionales y sociales de niños con TEA en relación con distintas tipologías de familias caracterizadas en función de los factores de riesgo como de riesgo alto, moderado y bajo. Los participantes fueron 52 madres y sus hijos de entre 7 y 11 años, con TEA sin discapacidad intelectual, que aportaron información del desarrollo socioemocional de los hijos med…
Executive functions, effortful control, and emotional lability in adults with ADHD. implications for functional outcomes
Adults with diagnosis of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience impairments in self-regulation (SR). This study examined whether subgroups of these impairments can be established based on differentiable patterns. The relationships between these subgroups and a group without ADHD were then analyzed, focusing on functional outcomes. Executive functions, effortful control, and emotional lability, in addition to self-concept, quality of life, and different comorbidities, were evaluated in 61 adults with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD and 54 adults without ADHD. Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed three ADHD classes based on different self-regulation indicators: "…
Understanding Discipline in Families of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Structural Equation Model
One hundred and fifty-five mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) completed a semi-structured interview, the Parenting Stress Index Questionnaire (Abidin, 1990), to evaluate parenting stress. The Parenting Scale (Arnold, O’Leary, Wolff & Acker, 1993) was also administered to measure dysfunctional discipline strategies. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model in which the independent variables were the Child’s Characteristics and the Socio-Educational Status of his or her family; intermediate variables were Parenting Stress concerning the Child Domain and concerning the Parent Domain; and the dependent variable was Parental Discipline. The resu…
Children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Relationships between symptoms and executive function, theory of mind, and behavioral problems.
Abstract Background The underlying mechanisms of comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are still unknown. Executive function (EF) deficits and theory of mind (ToM) have been the most investigated cognitive processes. Aims This study proposed to analyze EF, ToM and behavioral problems in children with ASD + ADHD, ADHD, ASD and typical development (TD). The relationship between ADHD and ASD symptoms with EF, ToM and behavioral problems in children with ASD + ADHD was also explored. Methods and procedures Participants were 124 children between 7 and 11 years old (22 ASD + ADHD, 35 ADHD, 30 ASD, and 37 TD), matched on age and IQ. …
A high-density SNP linkage scan with 142 combined subtype ADHD sib pairs identifies linkage regions on chromosomes 9 and 16
As part of the International Multi-centre ADHD Gene (IMAGE) project we have completed an affected sibling pair study of 142 narrowly defined DSM-IV combined type ADHD proband-sibling pairs. We found suggestive linkage on chromosomes 9 and 16 with non-parametric multipoint peak LOD scores of 2.13 and 3.1 respectively. There have been several previous ADHD linkage scans. The UCLA study (Fisher et al. 2002; Ogdie et al. 2004; Ogdie et al. 2003), the Dutch study (Bakker et al. 2003), the German study (Hebebrand et al. 2006) and the MGH Study (Faraone et al., submitted) applied the affected sib pair (ASP) strategy; the Columbian study used extended pedigrees ascertained from a population isolate…
Genome-wide association scan of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Contains fulltext : 70191.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Results of behavioral genetic and molecular genetic studies have converged to suggest that genes substantially contribute to the development of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common disorder with an onset in childhood. Yet, despite numerous linkage and candidate gene studies, strongly consistent and replicable association has eluded detection. To search for ADHD susceptibility genes, we genotyped approximately 600,000 SNPs in 958 ADHD affected family trios. After cleaning the data, we analyzed 438,784 SNPs in 2,803 individuals comprising 909 complete trios using ADHD diagnosis as phenotype. We present t…
Mesothelioma and thymic tumors: Treatment challenges in (outside) a network setting.
The management of patients with mesothelioma and thymic malignancy requires continuous multidisciplinary expertise at any step of the disease. A dramatic improvement in our knowledge has occurred in the last few years, through the development of databases, translational research programs, and clinical trials. Access to innovative strategies represents a major challenge, as there is a lack of funding for clinical research in rare cancers and their rarity precludes the design of robust clinical trials that could lead to specific approval of drugs. In this context, patient-centered initiatives, such as the establishment of dedicated networks, are warranted. International societies, such as IMI…
Parenting Stress in Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and ADHD
The purpose of this study was to compare the parenting stress experienced by parents of 121 children from 5 to 9 years old with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), comorbid ASD+ADHD, and typical development in different domains related to child and parent characteristics using the Parenting Stress Index. The three clinical groups presented greater perceived parenting stress than did the comparison group (CG). The ADHD group obtained higher levels of parenting stress related to attachment and depression than did the other groups. The ASD+ADHD group presented a unique profile of differences from the CG on Health and Spouse subscales. Results highl…
ADHD symptoms and learning behaviors in children with ASD without intellectual disability. A mediation analysis of executive functions
In spite of its importance for education, the relationship between learning behaviors (LB), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms (ADHD) and executive functioning (EF) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has hardly been explored. The first objective of the present study was to compare children with ASD without intellectual disability and children with typical development (TD) on ADHD symptoms and learning behaviors: Motivation/ competence, attitude toward learning, persistence on the task, and strategy/flexibility. The second objective was to analyze the mediator role of behavioral regulation and metacognition components of EF between ADHD symptoms and learning behav…
Contributions of Motivation, Early Numeracy Skills, and Executive Functioning to Mathematical Performance. A Longitudinal Study
The main goal of this longitudinal study is to examine the power of different variables and its dynamic interactions in predicting mathematical performance. The model proposed in this study includes indicators of motivational constructs (learning motivation and attributions), executive functioning (inhibition and working memory), and early numeracy skills (logical operations, counting, and magnitude comparison abilities), assessed during kindergarten, and mathematical performance in the second year of Primary Education. The sample consisted of 180 subjects assessed in two moments (5–6 and 7–8 years old). The results showed an indirect effect of initial motivation on later mathematical perfo…
The impact of study design and diagnostic approach in a large multi-centre ADHD study. Part 1: ADHD symptom patterns
Contains fulltext : 96439.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: The International Multi-centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project with 11 participating centres from 7 European countries and Israel has collected a large behavioural and genetic database for present and future research. Behavioural data were collected from 1068 probands with the combined type of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-CT) and 1446 'unselected' siblings. The aim was to analyse the IMAGE sample with respect to demographic features (gender, age, family status, and recruiting centres) and psychopathological characteristics (diagnostic subtype, symptom frequencies, age at symptom detection, and com…
Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs
AM Vicente - Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in …
Burden and centralised treatment in Europe of rare tumours: results of RARECAREnet—a population-based study
Background: Rare cancers pose challenges for diagnosis, treatments, and clinical decision making. Information about rare cancers is scant. The RARECARE project defined rare cancers as those with an annual incidence of less than six per 100 000 people in European Union (EU). We updated the estimates of the burden of rare cancers in Europe, their time trends in incidence and survival, and provide information about centralisation of treatments in seven European countries. Methods: We analysed data from 94 cancer registries for more than 2 million rare cancer diagnoses, to estimate European incidence and survival in 2000–07 and the corresponding time trends during 1995–2007. Incidence was calcu…
Intelligence in DSM-IV combined type attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is not predicted by either dopamine receptor/transporter genes or other previously identified risk alleles for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Contains fulltext : 69677.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) A major goal of genetic studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is to identify individual characteristics that might help segregate the disorder's inherent heterogeneity. [Mill et al. (2006); Arch Ger Psychiatry 63:462-469] recently reported a potentially important association between two dopamine-related risk polymorphisms (DRD4 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in exon 3 and DAT1 VNTR in the 3' UTR) and lowered IQ in ADHD. The objective of the current study was to replicate the [Mill et al. (2006); Arch Ger Psychiatry 63:462-469] findings in a clinical sample and to extend the analysis to a large ra…
Neuropsychological correlates of emotional lability in children with ADHD
Background: Emotional lability (EL) is commonly seen in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The reasons for this association remain currently unknown. To address this question, we examined the relationship between ADHD and EL symptoms, and performance on a range of neuropsychological tasks to clarify whether EL symptoms are predicted by particular cognitive and/or motivational dysfunctions and whether these associations are mediated by the presence of ADHD symptoms. Methods: A large multi-site sample of 424 carefully diagnosed ADHD cases and 564 unaffected siblings and controls aged 618 years performed a broad neuropsychological test battery, including a Go/No-Go …
Instrucción en estrategias y entrenamiento atribucional: efectos sobre la resolución de problemas y el autoconcepto de los estudiantes con dificultades en el aprendizaje
ResumenEste estudio investigo la eficacia del entrenamiento atribucional asociado a un programa dirigido a ensenar estrategias de resolucion de problemas a estudiantes con dificultades en el aprendizaje (DA). El programa de instruccion de estrategias tuvo dos modalidades: (a) instruccion en estrategias mediante autoinstrucciones, y (b) instruccion en estrategias mediante autoinstrucciones mas reentrenamiento atribucional explicito. Cuarenta y un ninos de 5° de Primaria con DA se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos: dos grupos de tratamiento, un grupo control placebo y un grupo control sin tratamiento. Los efectos se evaluaron en tres momentos (pretest, posttratamiento y seguimient…
Reading and Writing Skills in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability.
The purpose of this study is to extend the knowledge about academic achievement in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To this end, first, we analyzed differences in a wide range of reading and writing skills in adolescents with ASD without intellectual disability (ASD-WID) and adolescents with typical development (TD). Second, these two groups were compared on academic outcomes in core subjects and indicators of successful transition to secondary school. Third, the potential contribution of literacy skills to academic outcomes was examined in the two groups. Participants were 56 adolescents between 12 and 14 years old, 30 with ASD-WID and 26 with TD. Results showed no signific…
Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral therapy in the treatment of children with adhd, with and without aggressiveness
The objectives of this study were twofold: to show the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral self-control therapy on children with ADHD and to determine whether the combination of training in self-control with training in anger management has better outcomes on two subgroups of hyperactive children, aggressive and nonaggressive. Thirty-two children with ADHD, 16 aggressive and 16 nonaggressive, participated in the research. We applied a cognitive-behavioral self-control training, which included self-instructional training via modeling and behavioral contingencies, to 16 of the 32 hyperactive children. The other 16 hyperactive children were taught the same program, but combined with anger manag…
Predictability of oppositional defiant disorder and symptom dimensions in children and adolescents with ADHD combined type.
BackgroundOppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is frequently co-occurring with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Because ODD is a precursor of later conduct disorder (CD) and affective disorders, early diagnostic identification is warranted. Furthermore, the predictability of three recently confirmed ODD dimensions (ODD-irritable, ODD-headstrong and ODD-hurtful) may assist clinical decision making.MethodReceiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used in order to test the diagnostic accuracy of the Conners' Parent Rating Scale revised (CPRS-R) and the parent version of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (PSDQ) in the prediction of …
Linkage to chromosome 1p36 for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in school and home settings.
Contains fulltext : 69485.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: Limited success has been achieved through previous attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) linkage scans, which were all designed to map genes underlying the dichotomous phenotype. The International Multi-centre ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) project performed a whole genome linkage scan specifically designed to map ADHD quantitative trait loci (QTL). METHODS: A set of 1094 single selected Caucasian ADHD nuclear families was genotyped on a highly accurate and informative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. Two quantitative traits measuring the children's symptoms in home and school settings were collecte…
Narratives of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis
Abstract Background The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the narrative performance of children and adolescents with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in terms of microstructure, macrostructure and internal state language. Method A systematic literature search yielded 24 studies that met the predetermined inclusion criteria. Effect sizes for each study were calculated for eight variables and analyzed using a random effects model. Intellectual ability, age and type of narrative were considered as potential moderators. Results Results revealed that the children with ASD performed significantly worse than their peers on all the variables considered. Conclusions Findings a…
Polygenic association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder liability and cognitive impairments.
AbstractBackgroundA recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 12 independent loci significantly associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Polygenic risk scores (PRS), derived from the GWAS, can be used to assess genetic overlap between ADHD and other traits. Using ADHD samples from several international sites, we derived PRS for ADHD from the recent GWAS to test whether genetic variants that contribute to ADHD also influence two cognitive functions that show strong association with ADHD: attention regulation and response inhibition, captured by reaction time variability (RTV) and commission errors (CE).MethodsThe discovery GWAS included 19 099 ADHD cases …
Conduct disorder and ADHD: evaluation of conduct problems as a categorical and quantitative trait in the international multicentre ADHD genetics study.
Contains fulltext : 71374.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is typically characterized by inattention, excessive motor activity, impulsivity, and distractibility. Individuals with ADHD have significant impairment in family and peer relations, academic functioning, and show high co-morbidity with a wide range of psychiatric disorders including oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), anxiety disorder, depression, substance abuse, and pervasive developmental disorder (PDD). Family studies suggest that ADHD + CD represents a specific subtype of the ADHD disorder with familial risk factors only partly overlapping with t…
Attitudes of Primary School Teachers in Three Western Countries Toward Learning Disabilities
In recent years, teachers in Western countries have developed beliefs and attitudes related to working with students with specific learning disabilities (LD) that may be critical in shaping their educational practices with them; however, their beliefs and attitudes differ across political and geographical contexts and may be influenced by specific contextual circumstances and national legislation. This study examines these issues by comparing beliefs and attitudes among 557 primary school teachers from specific areas of three countries (Italy, Spain, and the United States). Results from this study support the hypothesis that, in general, teachers in these areas are sufficiently well inform…
Genetic heterogeneity in ADHD: DAT1 gene only affects probands without CD
Contains fulltext : 70183.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Previous studies have found heterogeneous association between DAT1-3'-UTR-VNTR and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Various proportions of conduct disorder (CD) comorbidity in their ADHD samples may partially explain the observational discrepancies. Evidence for this comes from family and twin studies which found ADHD probands with CD (ADHD + CD) are genetically different from those without CD (ADHD - CD). Genotypes of 20 DAT1 markers were analyzed in 576 trios, consisting of 141 ADHD + CD and 435 ADHD - CD. In addition to the classical TDT test, a specific genetic heterogeneity test was performed to identi…
The Impact of Inattention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity Symptoms, and Executive Functions on Learning Behaviors of Children with ADHD
Children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk of experiencing lower academic achievement compared to their peers without ADHD. However, we have a limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association. Both the symptoms of the disorder and the executive functions can negatively influence learning behaviors, including motivation, attitude toward learning, or persistence, key aspects of the learning process. The first objective of this study was to compare different components of learning behaviors in children diagnosed with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children. The second objective was to analyze the relationships among learning behav…
The relationship between ADHD and key cognitive phenotypes is not mediated by shared familial effects with IQ
BackgroundTwin and sibling studies have identified specific cognitive phenotypes that may mediate the association between genes and the clinical symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is also associated with lower IQ scores. We aimed to investigate whether the familial association between measures of cognitive performance and the clinical diagnosis of ADHD is mediated through shared familial influences with IQ.MethodMultivariate familial models were run on data from 1265 individuals aged 6–18 years, comprising 920 participants from ADHD sibling pairs and 345 control participants. Cognitive assessments included a four-choice reaction time (RT) task, a go/no-go task…
Psychiatric genome-wide association study analyses implicate neuronal, immune and histone pathways
G.B. and S.N. acknowledge funding support for this work from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. P.H.L. is supported by US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant K99MH101367. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders have identified multiple genetic associations with such disorders, but better methods are needed to derive the underlying biological mechanisms that these signals indicate. We sought to identify biological pathways in GWAS data from over 60,000 participants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We developed an an…
PERCEPCIONES DE LOS DÉFICITS DE FUNCIONAMIENTO EJECUTIVO DE ADULTOS CON TDAH VERSUS PERCEPCIONES DE SUS FAMILIARES
Introducción. Los niños con TDAH tienden a sobreestimar su funcionamiento social, conductual y académico, un asunto que ha sido poco investigado en adultos con TDAH. Objetivos. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) Examinar el perfil de funcionamiento ejecutivo de adultos jóvenes con TDAH; 2) Estudiar la relación entre las habilidades de funcionamiento ejecutivo percibidas por adultos con TDAH y sus padres; 3) Comparar las puntuaciones diferenciales (entre las versiones de observador y autoinforme) de adultos con TDAH y adultos con desarrollo típico. Método. Participaron 93 adultos (50 con un diagnóstico de TDAH en la infancia y 43 con desarrollo típico) entre 17 y 24 años. Se aplicaron las…
Parenting Stress in Mothers of Children With Autism Without Intellectual Disability. Mediation of Behavioral Problems and Coping Strategies
The present study investigated the mediating role of behavioral difficulties, coping strategies, and social functional support in the relationship between symptoms severity and parenting stress in mothers of children with ASD (autism spectrum disorder). The parenting stress questionnaire, coping orientation to problems experienced scale, strengths and difficulties questionnaire, and Duke-UNC social support questionnaire were administered to 52 mothers, who also estimated the ASD severity symptoms of their children. Correlation analyses revealed that parenting stress was positively correlated with the children's ASD symptoms and behavioral problems. On the other hand, parenting stress was ne…
Performance-based tests versus behavioral ratings in the assessment of executive functioning in preschoolers: associations with ADHD symptoms and reading achievement
The early assessment of the executive processes using ecologically valid instruments is essential for identifying deficits and planning actions to deal with possible adverse consequences. The present study has two different objectives. The first objective is to analyze the relationship between preschoolers' performance on tests of Working Memory and Inhibition and parents' and teachers' ratings of these executive functions (EFs) using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). The second objective consists of studying the predictive value of the different EF measures (performance-based test and rating scales) on Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity behaviors and on in…
Consumo de sustancias en jóvenes adultos con TDAH: comorbilidad y síntomas de inatención e hiperactividad/impulsividad
Young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at high risk of substance use (SU). The aims of the current study were: 1) to examine the use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana and other illegal drugs by adults with and without ADHD; 2) to compare the oppositional, conduct, anxiety, depression, sleep and antisocial personality symptoms of ADHD adults with SU and ADHD adults without SU; 3) to examine the ability of ADHD symptoms and conduct problems to predict SU. A total of 93 young adults, 43 without ADHD and 50 with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD, who were part of the Spanish sample of the Multicenter ADHD Genetics (IMAGE) study, collaborated in a follow-up evaluation 10.…
Social Cognition in Children with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Associations with Executive Functions
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social impairments. The first objective of this study was to analyze social cognition deficits of children with ADHD, high-functioning ASD (HFASD), and typical development (TD) in their performance on explicit and applied measures of theory of mind (ToM). The second objective was to investigate the relationships between executive functions and social cognition in HFASD and ADHD. One hundred and twenty-six 7- to 11-year old children, 52 with HFASD, 35 with ADHD, and 39 with TD, performed the NEPSY-II social perception subtests. Parents estimated their children’…
The hierarchical factor model of ADHD: invariant across age and national groupings?
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by problems with attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The diagnosis derives from 18 symptoms indexing these behavioural domains [American Psychiatric Association (APA), DSM-IV-TR, 2000]. There is substantial continuity in maintaining a diagnosis of ADHD from childhood to adolescence (Faraone, Biederman, & Mick, 2006); however the phenotypic expression is highly variable within the diagnosed group and across time (Barkley, 2006; Nigg, 2006). Current diagnostic formulations distinguish between symptoms of inattention and those of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Three ADHD subtypes are recognized in the DSM-IV: the predominantly…
Efectos sobre el contexto familiar de una intervención psicosocial compleja en niños con TDAH
El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad ejerce una compleja influencia negativa sobre el sistema familiar pocas veces investigada. Este trabajo analiza los efectos del tratamiento psicosocial sobre aspectos amplios de la dinámica familiar, como el grado de superación de las dificultades que las familias experimentan en el plano social y económico, las mejoras en los sentimientos y actitudes de los padres, o la tensión entre los hermanos o la propia pareja. Se pretende analizar también si la presencia de problemas de conducta asociados modula los resultados de la intervención.
 Participaron en el estudio un total de 42 familias distribuidas en dos grupos, con y sin trata…
Data from: Analysis of personal and family factors in the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of a prospective follow-up study in childhood
Objectives: To study the course of ADHD during childhood and analyze possible personal and family predictor variables of the results. Method: Sixty-one children with ADHD who were between 6 and 12 years old at the baseline assessment were evaluated 30 months later (mean age at baseline: 8.70 ± 1.97; mean age at follow-up: 10.98 ± 2.19). Status of ADHD in follow-up was identified as persistent (met DSM-IV-TR criteria according to parents’ and teachers’ ratings), contextually persistent (met ADHD criteria according to one informant, and there was functional impairment) and remitted ADHD (with subthreshold clinical symptomatology). Associated psychological disorders of the three groups were an…