Diabetes Mellitus and Its Impact on Patient-Profile and In-Hospital Outcomes in Peripheral Artery Disease

Background: In patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on patient-profile and adverse in-hospital events is not well investigated. Methods: The German nationwide inpatient sample 2005–2019 was used for this analysis. Hospitalized PAD patients were stratified for DM and the influence of DM on patient-profile and adverse in-hospital events was investigated. Results: Our study comprised 2,654,871 hospitalizations (54.3% aged ≥70 years, 36.7% females) of patients with PAD in Germany 2005–2019. Among these, 864,691 (32.6%) patients had DM and 76,716 (2.9%) died during hospitalization. Diabetic PAD patients revealed an aggravated cardiovascular profile …

Intraperitoneal adhesions-an ongoing challenge between biomedical engineering and the life sciences

Peritoneal adhesions remain a relevant clinical problem despite the currently available prophylactic barrier materials. So far, the physical separation of traumatized serosa areas using barriers represents the most important clinical strategy for adhesion prevention. However, the optimal material has not yet been found. Further optimization or pharmacological functionalization of these barriers could give an innovative input for peritoneal adhesion prevention. Therefore, a more complete understanding of pathogenesis is required. On the basis of the pathophysiology of adhesion formation the main barriers currently in clinical practice as well as new innovations are discussed in the present r…

Diaryldistyrylpyrazines: Solvatochromic and Acidochromic Fluorophores

Diaryldimethylpyrazines are the starting materials for the synthesis of C2-symmetric donor- or acceptor-substituted distyrylpyrazines. The optical properties of these cruciform-shaped dyes are dominated by the distyrylpyrazine units; the photophysics is controlled by the styryl substitution, the diaryl substituents on the central pyrazine only having a small effect. Protonation occurs on the pyrazine and/or lateral amines or azines, thereby altering the absorption and emission properties. Hypso- and bathochromism as well as fluorescence quenching depend on the nature of the terminal substituent. This, and a significant positive solvatochromism of the fluorescence, allow optical sensing of t…

Samenbau und Samenkeimung

Die Samenpflanzen (Abteilung Spermatophyta) bilden mit mehr als 250.000 Arten die Hauptmasse der Landvegetation, wobei die Bedecktsamer (Angiospermae = Magnoliophytina) die weitaus umfangreichste Entwicklungsgruppe reprasentieren, wahrend die rezenten Vertreter der Nacktsamer (Gymnospermae mit den Klassen Cycadopsida [Palmfarne], Ginkgopsida [Ginkgo] und Coniferopsida [Nadelbaume]) nur etwa 800 Arten umfassen. Das Hauptmerkmal dieser grosten und wichtigsten Abteilung des Pflanzenreichs ist die Ausbildung von Samen. Der Same dient der Vermehrung, Uberdauerung und Verbreitung Hoherer Pflanzen. Ursprunglich bildete der Same fur sich allein das grundlegende Ausbreitungsorgan der Samenpflanzen. …

Wasserhaushalt der Pflanzen

Wasser ist Hauptbestandteil aller Lebewesen. Es dient ihnen als universelles Losungsmittel fur die meisten anorganischen und organischen Verbindungen. Daher laufen praktisch alle Stoffwechselvorgange im wassrigen Milieu ab. Fur pflanzliche Organismen ist Wasser als Elektronendonator unentbehrlicher Reaktionspartner in der Photosynthese. Auserhalb der Zellen ubernimmt das Wasser bei Hoheren Pflanzen die Funktion eines Transportmittels, mit dem Nahrsalze bzw. in den Blattern gebildete Assimilate zu ihrem Bestimmungsort gelangen. Diese vielfaltigen Funktionen des Wassermolekuls machen deutlich, dass eine ausreichende Versorgung des pflanzlichen Organismus mit Wasser eine der wichtigsten biolog…

Dissimilation II: Atmung (aerobe Dissimilation)

Der Gesamtvorgang der aeroben Dissimilation entspricht formal der Umkehrung der CO2-Assimilation in der Photosynthese.

High resolution X-ray tomography – three-dimensional characterisation of cell–scaffold constructs for cartilage tissue engineering

AbstractSynchrotron radiation based microcomputed tomography (SR-μCT) has become a valuable tool for the structural analysis of different types of biomaterials. This methodology allows the non-destructive investigation of specimens in their three-dimensional context. In the present paper, articular cartilage is taken as an exemplary tissue to demonstrate the suitability of the SR-μCT method for the investigation of biomaterials for different tissue engineering approaches. Thus, a biodegradable scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering in different modifications was analysed. Using enhanced phase contrast imaging, it was possible to demonstrate single cells without further metal staining. Th…

Photosynthese II: Substanzumwandlung und Ökologie der Photosynthese

Ausgangsstoffe der Photosynthese der Pflanzen sind die energiearmen anorganischen Molekule Wasser und Kohlendioxid, die in einer komplexen biochemischen Reaktionsfolge zunachst zu Kohlenhydraten umgesetzt werden, und zwar hauptsachlich zu Saccharose und Starke. Als Nebenprodukt entsteht Sauerstoff, der zum Teil von der Pflanze selbst veratmet, hauptsachlich aber an die Atmosphare abgegeben wird.

Disturbed glucose metabolism and left ventricular geometry in the general population – results from the Gutenberg health study

Abstract Background Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been demonstrated to alter left ventricular geometry and promote left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH). However, the impact of impaired glucose metabolism on cardiac structure is still not completely understood and controversially discussed. Purpose To investigate the impact of prediabetes and T2DM on left ventricular geometry and their potential interaction with LVH in the prediction of survival. Methods Data from the Gutenberg Health Study (N=15,010) – a population-based study with highly standardized phenotyping – were analysed. Information was obtained from computer-assisted personal interviews, medical-technical…

Semiautomated quantification of the fibrous tissue response to complex three‐dimensional filamentous scaffolds using digital image analysis

Fibrosis represents a relevant response to the implantation of biomaterials, which occurs not only at the tissue-material interface (fibrotic encapsulation) but also within the void fraction of complex three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial constructions (fibrotic ingrowth). Usual evaluation of the biocompatibility mostly depicts fibrosis at the interface of the biomaterial using semiquantitative scores. Here, the relations between encapsulation and infiltrating fibrotic growth are poorly represented. Virtual pathology and digital image analysis provide new strategies to assess fibrosis in a more differentiated way. In this study, we adopted a method previously used to quantify fibrosis in visc…

Disturbed Glucose Metabolism and Left Ventricular Geometry in the General Population

Background: This study sought to investigate the prevalence and clinical outcome of left ventricular (LV) geometry in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the impact of glucose metabolism on the incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods: 15,010 subjects (35–74 years) of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study were categorized into euglycemia, prediabetes, and T2DM according to clinical and metabolic (HbA1c) information. Clinical outcome was assessed via structured follow-up. Results: The study comprised 12,121 individuals with euglycemia (81.6%), 1415 with prediabetes (9.5%), and 1316 with T2DM (8.9%). Prevalence of LVH increased from euglycemia (10.2%) ove…

Clinical impact of diabetes mellitus in patients hospitalized for myocardial infarction

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major cardiovascular risk factor for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (MI). Purpose We aimed to assess in-hospital events and time trends in MI patients with and without DM between 2005 and 2016 in Germany. Methods The nationwide German inpatient sample 2005–2016 was used for statistical analysis (source: Research Data Center (RDC) of the Federal Statistical Office and the Statistical Offices of the federal states, DRG Statistics 2005–2016, own calculations). Hospitalized MI patients were stratified for the presence of DM and the impact of DM on in-hospital events was investigated. Results A total of 3,307,703 patients…

Synthesis, Optical and Electrical Properties of Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s Substituted with Electron-Accepting Sulfonyl Groups

Oligo(phenylenevinylene)s (OPV) composed of five rings and electron donating or withdrawing sulfonyl substituents on the central and lateral rings have been investigated. Two strategies were used for the syntheses of the C2-symmetrical OPVs both include PO-activated olefinations as central steps. Six flexible side chains guarantee good solubility in toluene or dichloromethane. In solution and in films stabilised by polystyrene (60%), the chromophores are strongly fluorescent, with emissions in the violet-blue domain from solutions and in the green to orange region from solid films. The redox potentials, determined by cyclic voltammetry, and the optical properties are strongly depending on t…

Cysteamine and its homoleptic complexes with group 12 metal ions. Differences in the coordination chemistry of ZnII, CdII, and HgII with a small N,S-donor ligand.

2-Ammoniumethanethiolate, (-)SCH(2)CH(2)NH(3)(+), the first structurally characterized zwitterionic ammoniumthiolate, is the stable form of cysteamine (HL) in the solid state and in aqueous solution. Reactions of ZnCl(2), Cd(Oac)(2), and HgCl(2) with cysteamine and NaOH in a 1:2:2 ratio, respectively, lead to the homoleptic complexes ML(2). Their single-crystal X-ray structures demonstrate basic differences in the coordination chemistry of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II). While chelating N,S-coordination modes are found for all metal ions, Zn(II) forms a mononuclear complex with a distorted tetrahedral Zn(N(2)S(2)) coordination mode, whereas Hg(II) displays a dimer with Hg(N(2)S(2)) coordinated …

[2,5-Bis(dipropylamino)-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]methanol

The centrosymmetric title compound, C22H36N2O2, was prepared in five steps from diethyl succinate. The dipropylamino groups are almost orthogonal to the central phenylenedimethanol ring [dihedral angle = 87.62 (9)°]. In the crystal, the molecules are connected by O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming (101) layers separated by the propyl chains.

Biologisch wichtige Makromoleküle und ihre Bausteine I: Mono-, Di-, Polysaccharide

Kohlenhydrate oder Saccharide (griech.: sakcharon = Zucker) sind die am haufigsten vorkommenden organischen Molekule der Erde, wobei unter den zahlreichen Verbindungen die Cellulose den ersten Platz einnimmt. Als Energiespeicher dient den Pflanzen die Starke, den Tieren und Echten Pilzen das Glykogen, die beide zum zentralen Brennstoff des Stoffwechsels, der Glucose, abgebaut werden konnen. Die Zellwande der Pflanzen werden insbesondere aus Cellulose, das Exoskelett der Arthropoden und die Zellwand der Echten Pilze aus Chitin aufgebaut; hier dienen diese Kohlenhydrate als Bau- und Gerustsubstanzen. Weiterhin sind sie als Desoxyribose und Ribose am Aufbau der Nucleinsauren und damit an der S…

Linear and Angular Distyrylpyrazines with Terminal Donor Groups: Synthesis, Solvatochromism, and Acidochromism of the Electronic Spectra

A series of linear and angular distyrylpyrazines and lateral donor groups has been prepared by aldol condensation between dimethylpyrazines and the appropriate aromatic aldehyde. The optical absorption and emission properties of these systems were studied in different solvents and media. The materials display a strong solvatochromism of the emission that is reflected by large red shifts of their fluorescence emission maxima on increasing the solvent polarity. This behaviour suggests a highly polar emitting state, which is characteristic of compounds that undergo an internal charge transfer upon excitation. Upon protonation, the UV-vis spectra are altered, and the fluorescence intensity of t…

Early symptomatic benefit indicates long-term prognosis after transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair in functional and degenerative etiology

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is common in patients with heart failure and constitutes an independent risk factor for adverse prognosis besides NYHA-class. The predictive value of dyspnea reduction after transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) on outcome has not been investigated up to now.We enrolled 627 consecutive patients (47.0% female, 57.4% functional MR; median follow-up 486 days[IQR 157/961]; survival status available in 96.8%; symptoms assessed in n = 556 at baseline / n = 406 at 1 month) treated with isolated percutaneous mitral valve edge-to-edge repair in our center from 06/2010-03/2018 (exclusion of combined forms of TMVr) in a monocentric retrospective analysis. Survival was 97.6…

Microscopical and Mycological Investigations on Wood of Pendunculate Oak (Quercus robur L) Relative to the Occurrence of Oak Decline

Summary Microscopical studies exhibited great differences between healthy and damaged pendunculate oak trees (Quercus robur L.) relative to the state of sapwood vessels and the degree of fungal infection. In the sapwood of damaged trees deposits, discolorations and early tylosis formations were found which frequently occurred in combination with fungal infections. These results lead to the assumption that the defence reaction of the trees probably induced by fungal infection changes the structure of the tree vessels to such an extent that their water transfer function is disturbed. Some fungal genera playing an important role in the discussion of the causes of oak decline could be isolated.…

Impact of diabetes mellitus on mortality rates and outcomes in myocardial infarction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a major cardiovascular risk factor for increased risk of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (MI). DM is also associated with a poorer clinical outcome in MI.The nationwide German inpatient population treated between 2005 and 2016 was used for statistical analyses. Hospitalized MI patients were stratified by the presence of DM and investigated for the impact of DM on in-hospital events.In total, 3,307,703 hospitalizations for acute MI (37.6% female patients, 56.8% aged ≥ 70 years) treated in Germany during 2005-2016 were included in this analysis. Of these patients, 410,737 (12.4%) died while in hospital. Overall, 1,007,326 (30.5%) MI cases we…

Non-invasive peripheral vascular function, incident cardiovascular disease, and mortality in the general population

AIMS Evidence suggests that peripheral vascular function is related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. We evaluated the associations of noninvasive measures of flow-mediated dilatation and peripheral arterial tonometry with incident CVD and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS In a post-hoc analysis of the community-based Gutenberg Health Study, median age 55 years (25th/75th percentile 46/65) and 49.5% women, we measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (N = 12,599) and fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry (N = 11,125). After a follow-up of up to 11.7 years, we observed 595 incident CVD events, 106 cardiac deaths, and 860 deaths in total. Survival curves showed decreased e…

Physiologie der Bewegungen

Die Beweglichkeit (Motilitat) ist eine der Grunderscheinungen des Lebendigen. Wir verstehen unter Bewegung eine aktive, meist durch ihre Geschwindigkeit auffallige Orts- und Lageveranderung von Organellen, Organen oder Organismen. Die Bewegung des gesamten Organismus wird als Lokomotion (Fortbewegung) bezeichnet. Solche lokomotorischen Bewegungen uberwiegen entschieden bei den Tieren. Bei den Pflanzen ist die Fahigkeit zur Lokomotion im Wesentlichen auf wasserbewohnende, einzellige oder koloniebildende Algen und auf Fortpflanzungszellen beschrankt (s. Abschnitt 13.5). Verandern dagegen nur einzelne Organe ihre raumliche Orientierung, so spricht man von Organbewegungen. Die Hoheren Landpflan…

Eigenschaften und Wirkungsweise von Enzymen

Samtliche Stoffwechselreaktionen laufen in den Organismen nur aufgrund der Wirkung von Enzymen ab. Der Name kommt aus dem Griechischen: „zýme“ heist Sauerteig. Enzyme sind die Katalysatoren biologischer Systeme. Unter Katalysatoren versteht man Stoffe, die in der Lage sind, die Geschwindigkeit chemischer Reaktionen zu beschleunigen.

2861Role of glycemic state for the relationship between abdominal obesity and markers of inflammation and hemostasis in the population

Tissue response to five commercially available peritoneal adhesion barriers-A systematic histological evaluation

Separating wounded serosa by physical barriers is the only clinically approved adjunct for postoperative adhesion prevention. Since the optimal adhesion barrier has not been found, it is essential to improve our pathogenic understanding of adhesion formation and to compare the effects of different barrier materials on tissue and cells. Wistar rats underwent standardized peritoneal damage and were treated either with Seprafilm, Adept, Intercoat, Spraygel, SupraSeal or remained untreated as a control. 14 days postoperatively, the lesions were explanted and histomorphologically analyzed using the European ISO score to evaluate material implants. Striking differences between the material groups…

LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Comparative studies on bronchuswall-thickness by histologic and computed tomographic measurements of porcine lungs

Aims: Histologic slides are commonly used as template in the evaluation and development of medical imaging methods.Diseases like Asthma and COPD show characteristic changes in airway morphology and airway measurement by computed tomography is a promising diagnostic approach.However,shrinkage caused by fixation and histological processing is known in lung tissue.In this study,the thickness of bronchus walls in paraffin and frozen sections as well as in CT and MicroCT were compared. Methods: Airway measurements of swine lungs were performed after freezing in ventilated condition in liquid nitrogen by measuring the wall thickness of 7 bronchi via CT and MicroCT as well as in frozen and paraffi…

Diagnosis of damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies) through biochemical criteria

Bioindication can be carried out at different hierarchical levels, eg. cell, organism, and ecosystem. While the monitoring of damage by visible criteria (e.g. loss of needles) is connected with the organism as a whole, the monitoring of damage by biochemical indicators is above all connected with cell metabolism. The degree of vitality of a tree can be ascertained through the integration of a number of biochemical parameters. Furthermore, a differential diagnosis of a particular stress pattern can be carried out because of the feedback pattern of several biochemical indicators. In order to describe and interpret biochemical or physiological changes that have been caused by a number of facto…

Dissimilation I: Glykolyse und Gärung (anaerobe Dissimilation)

Unter Dissimilation versteht man den Abbau organischer Verbindungen im Stoffwechsel zum Zweck der Energiegewinnung. Die bei der Photosynthese unter Aufwand von Lichtenergie aufgebauten energiereichen Molekule dienen nur teilweise als Bausteine fur das weitere Wachstum der Pflanze. Ein erheblicher Anteil der Assimilate wird vielmehr in geeigneter Form und an geeignetem Ort gespeichert, um zu gegebener Zeit unter Freisetzung von Energie wieder dissimiliert zu werden. Auf diese Weise kann die autotrophe Pflanze fur eine begrenzte Zeit unabhangig von der Energiezufuhr durch die Sonne leben. Im Gegensatz zur Photosynthese ist die Dissimilation nicht auf bestimmte Gewebe beschrankt, sondern eine …

Investigations on the Starch Content and Ultrastructure of Spruce Needles Relative to the Occurrence of Novel Forest Decline

The starch content and ultrastructure of needles of Norway spruce trees [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] taken from three natural habitats, undamaged or with symptoms of novel forest decline, were investigated during the course of three years. The starch content was clearly dependent on the seasons, with a maximum in spring and a decline during summer and autumn, leading to a minimum in winter. Needles of damaged trees from one habitat exhibited in all three years from August to October a significantly higher starch content than their undamaged counterparts. Microscopic investigations of these needle samples exhibited severe damage symptoms to the phloem in macroscopically green needles, though mo…

ChemInform Abstract: Diaryldistyrylpyrazines: Solvatochromic and Acidochromic Fluorophores.

Diaryldimethylpyrazines are the starting materials for the synthesis of C2-symmetric donor- or acceptor-substituted distyrylpyrazines. The optical properties of these cruciform-shaped dyes are dominated by the distyrylpyrazine units; the photophysics is controlled by the styryl substitution, the diaryl substituents on the central pyrazine only having a small effect. Protonation occurs on the pyrazine and/or lateral amines or azines, thereby altering the absorption and emission properties. Hypso- and bathochromism as well as fluorescence quenching depend on the nature of the terminal substituent. This, and a significant positive solvatochromism of the fluorescence, allow optical sensing of t…

Ernährung und stoffliche Zusammensetzung der Pflanzen

Die grunen Pflanzen sind photoautotroph, d. h. sie sind in der Lage, energiereiche organische Verbindungen (z. B. Kohlenhydrate, Fette, Proteine) mithilfe des Sonnenlichts in der Photosynthese aus einfachen energiearmen, anorganischen Molekulen (Kohlendioxid, Wasser) aufzubauen. Die Pflanze deckt ihren Energiebedarf durch die Photosynthese. In dieser Hinsicht unterscheidet sich die Hohere Pflanze grundsatzlich vom Tier und von zahlreichen Mikroorganismen, welche mit der Nahrung nicht nur stoffliche Substanz, sondern auch Energie aufnehmen mussen. Die Pflanze nimmt – im Unterschied zum tierischen Organismus – anorganische Stoffe als Nahrstoffe auf; niedermolekulare organische Stoffe, wie Glu…

P5361The diabetic continuum and its relation with cardiovascular disease: results from the population-based Gutenberg health study

Intra-operative locally injected pharmacotherapy as a novel strategy for adhesion prophylaxis.

Abstract Background Pharmacotherapy for peritoneal adhesion prophylaxis has been a focus for intensive research. Previous strategies included intravenous and intraperitoneal application of suitable pharmaceutical agents. However, success of these strategies in humans has been limited. Here we describe intra-operative local injection of pharmaceuticals as a novel strategy for adhesion prophylaxis. Methods N  = 208 peritoneal lesions were created in 26 adult Wistar rats. In each animal, lesions on one flank were randomly chosen for treatment with locally injected prednisolone whereas the contralateral side was injected with normal saline. Half of the animals were randomly selected for early a…

Biologisch wichtige Makromoleküle und ihre Bausteine II: Aminosäuren, Peptide, Proteine

Der Name Protein leitet sich vom griechischen „proteios“ ab, was soviel wie „an erster Stelle“ bedeutet. Bereits 1836 erkannte Jons Jakob BERZELIUS (1779–1848, schwedischer Chemiker), der den Namen einfuhrte, die besondere Bedeutung dieser Stoffklasse fur das Leben. Die Proteine tragen ihren Namen zu Recht, und es ist bemerkenswert, mit welcher klugen Voraussicht BERZELIUS diesen Namen gewahlt hat.

Phenotypic redifferentiation and cell cluster formation of cultured human articular chondrocytes in a three-dimensional oriented gelatin scaffold in the presence of PGE2- first results of a pilot study

Modern tissue engineering strategies comprise three elemental parameters: cells, scaffolds and growth factors. Articular cartilage represents a highly specialized tissue which allows frictionless gliding of corresponding articulating surfaces. As the regenerative potential of cartilage is low, tissue engineering-based strategies for cartilage regeneration represent a huge challenge. Prostaglandins function as regulators in cartilage development and metabolism, especially in growth plate chondrocytes. In this study, it was analyzed if prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has an effect on the phenotypic differentiation of human chondrocytes cultured in a three-dimensional (3D) gelatin-based scaffold made …

Bau, Eigenschaften und Funktionen von Biomembranen Die pflanzliche Zelle als osmotisches System

Alle Zellen sind von einer Membran umgeben, die ihnen lebenswichtige Individualitat verleiht. Die Zell- oder Plasmamembran, das Plasmalemma, trennt das Cytoplasma von der extrazellularen Ausenwelt, wahrend sich die Organellen durch ihre Membranen gegen das Cytoplasma abgrenzen. Membranen sind sehr selektive Permeabilitatsschranken (Permeabilitat = Durchlassigkeit), die einerseits aufgrund ihrer physikalisch-chemischen Struktur, andererseits uber spezifische Kanale und Pumpen einen kontrollierten Stoffaustausch mit ihrer Umgebung ermoglichen. Sie trennen damit Reaktionsraume (Kompartimente) voneinander. Diese Kompartimentierung ermoglicht eine Aufgabenteilung, sodass viele unterschiedliche S…

Risk Factors for Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Paralysis and Deep Venous Thrombosis

Background. Venous thromboembolism is a frequent complication and an important cause of death in patients with paralysis. We aimed to investigate predictors of pulmonary embolism (PE) and the impact of PE on the survival of patients with paralysis in comparison to those with deep venous thrombosis or thrombophlebitis (DVT). Methods: Patients were selected by screening the German nationwide inpatient sample (2005–2017) for paralysis, and were stratified for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the VTE-sub-entity PE (ICD-code I26). Impact of PE on mortality and predictors for PE were analyzed. Results: Overall, 7,873,769 hospitalizations of patients with paralysis were recorded in Germany 2005–20…

The Medium-Depending Fluorescence of Quadrupolar Donor-Acceptor-Donor Substituted Distyrylbenzenes with High Two-Photon Absorption Cross-Sections

ABSTRACT1,4-Distyrylbenzenes with terminal dialkylamino groups and a central 2,5-disubstitution with electron-accepting groups were prepared via twofold Horner-olefination. These chromophores with a quadrupolar donor-acceptor-donor substitution and C2-symmetry absorb in the violet to green region of the visible spectrum exhibit large two-photon-absorption cross-sections when irrdiated in the NIR. Whereas a variation of the solvent polarity only slightly alters the absorption spectra, the fluorescence appears to be highly responsive. Besides a positive solvatochromism, the emission is very sensitive towards protonation. Quenching or appearance of new emitting species depends on the substitut…

Profile of the Immune and Inflammatory Response in Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.

OBJECTIVE The inflammatory and immune systems are altered in type 2 diabetes. Here, the aim was to profile the immune and inflammatory response in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in a large population-representative sample. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In total, 15,010 individuals were analyzed from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Glucose status was classified according to HbA1c concentration and history of diagnosis. All samples were analyzed for white blood cells (WBCs), granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, fibrinogen, and hematocrit. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and neopterin concentrations w…

Photosynthese I: Energieumwandlung

Bei der Photosynthese der Pflanzen wird anorganische Substanz (CO2, H2O) mithilfe von Strahlungsenergie (Licht) in organische Substanz (z. B. Kohlenhydrate) umgewandelt. Die produzierte organische Substanz, das Assimilat, enthalt sowohl die gewonnene Energie als auch die aufgenommene Substanz. Dementsprechend hat die Photosynthese zwei verschiedene Aspekte: die Energieumwandlung und die Substanzumwandlung. Man kann demgemas die Vorgange, die bei der Photosynthese ablaufen, in zwei Abschnitte gliedern.

Tissue expansion of lung bronchi due to tissue processing for histology – A comparative analysis of paraffin versus frozen sections in a pig model

Tissue shrinking due to fixation and processing is well known. However, the degree of shrinking varies significantly with the tissue type as well as the processing method and is not well studied in various tissues. In daily pathological routine workflow, histological specimens from frozen and paraffin sections are performed from the same tissue. In the present study we compared the thickness of bronchus walls obtained from paraffin and frozen sections.Pig lungs were frozen in ventilated condition in liquid nitrogen and 36 bronchi were isolated after dissection. Frozen sections of 5 μm thickness were performed and the remaining tissue was fixed and embedded in paraffin after fixation in 4% f…

Comparison of histological and computed tomographic measurements of pig lung bronchi.

Aim Light microscopy is used as template in the evaluation and further development of medical imaging methods. Tissue shrinkage caused by histological processing is known to influence lung tissue dimensions. In diagnosis of COPD, computed tomography (CT) is widely used for automated airway measurement. The aim of this study was to compare histological and computed tomographic measurements of pig lung bronchi. Methods Airway measurements of pig lungs were performed after freezing under controlled inflation pressure in a liquid nitrogen bath. The wall thickness of seven bronchi was measured via Micro-CT and CT using the integral-based method (IBM) and the full-width-at-half-maximum method (FW…

Proton-Induced Multiple Changes of the Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Amino-Aza-Oligo(Phenylenevinylene)s

Fluorescent dyes with a high sensitivity of their optical spectra towards changes of the environment were prepared via aldol condensation or Horner olefinations. The main chromophore is a quadrupolar N-substituted 1,4-distyrylbenzene which allows protonation and complexation at various positions resulting in a series of different and significant changes of the optical spectra. The sensitivity of the absorption and emission spectra on solvent polarity, acid, and cations is reported.

CCDC 918792: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Volker Schmitt, Sebastian Moschel, Heiner Detert|2013|Eur.J.Org.Chem.|2013|5655|doi:10.1002/ejoc.201300463