Computer-aided synthesis of complex pump and valve operations

1988

Abstract Process plant operators often have to synthesize sequences of valve and pump operations. On large plants there may be so many possible pipe routes and vessels that it is not practical to provide a priori computer support for every possible operation. The paper describes a program that could form the basis of an operator aid to synthesize appropriate operations from a knowledge of the plant layout and existing pumping operations. The paper concentrates on finding paths through the pipework and on generating a sequence of operations that establishes the path whilst simultaneously satisfying other safety and operating constraints. The paper includes two example problems which were use…

Changes of the ratio between myelin thickness and axon diameter in human developing sural, femoral, ulnar, facial, and trochlear nerves

1988

Previous studies on sural nerves were extended to human femoral, ulnar, facial and trochlear nerves. As asynchronous development of axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness was noted in all nerves studied. Whereas axons reach their maximal diameter by or before 5 years of age, maximal myelin sheath thickness is not attained before 16-17 years of age, i.e., more than 10 years later. The slope of the regression lines for the ratio between axon diameter and myelin thickness is significantly steeper in older than in younger individuals; it also differs if small and large fibers with more or less than 50 myelin lamellae are evaluated separately. The number of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures during …

Sonographische Darstellbarkeit und Größenbestimmung von Abdominalorganen bei gesunden Neugeborenen

1988

The determination of organ size is another important criterium in ultrasound examination. There are only few investigations in the neonatal group. Therefore in a prospective study the abdominal organs of 85 neonates were examined with a 7.5 MHz small part scanner. These organs were measured in standardized sections in order to establish normal values]

Suppression of humoral immune response against herpes simplex virus induced by defective strains, ts- and TK- mutants.

1988

Suppression of humoral antibody formation against HSV is not only induced by replicating Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) but also by the defective strain ANG and the deletion mutant 1301 of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Moreover, ts-mutants A, H, K, S, 1201 and 1208 of HSV-1 as well as some ts-mutants of HSV-2 and “defective-interfering” particles of HSV-1 after high multiplicity of infection-passages induced suppression. Treatment of infected mice with ACG reduced antibody-formation but did not result in suppression. UV-irradiation of the antibody producing strain Len of HSV-1 strongly reduces antibody formation and induces suppression. Experiments using a series of intertypic r…

On the space of all regular operators from C(K) into C(K)

1988

AbstractIt is known that Lr(E, C(K)), the space of all regular operators from E into C(K), is a Riesz space for all Riesz spaces E if and only if K is Stonian. We prove that this statement holds if E is replaced by C(K), where K is a compact space, the cardinal number of which satisfies a certain condition.

Kinetische Untersuchungen zur Bildung der E ‐ und Z ‐Enole bei der Thermolyse von 2‐Diazo‐1,3‐dimesityl‐1,3‐propandion in Nucleophilen

1988

Bei der Thermolyse der Diazoverbindung 1 in Ethanol bzw. Piperidin oder Morpholin entstehen die Enole 3a–c von β-Ketocarbonsaurederivaten. Z- und E-Konfigurationen stehen miteinander im Gleichgewicht. Die Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeits-konstanten zeigt, das sich zunachst bevorzugt die Z-Formen bilden; im Gleichgewicht dominieren jedoch schlieslich in den Thermolysemedien die E-Isomeren. In aprotischen, apolaren oder masig polaren Medien uberwiegen dagegen die Z-Isomeren mit einer intramolekularen Wasserstoffbrucke. Investigation on the Kinetics of the Formation of E- and Z-Enols in the Thermolysis of 2-Diazo-1,3-propanedione in Nucleophiles Thermolysis of the diazo compound 1 in ethanol an…

Complexes of organometallic compounds. LII. 119Sn Mössbauer isomer shifts, partial atomic charges on tin, and structure, in triorganotin(IV) halides

1988

Cardiac lysosomes in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: An ultrastructural study

1988

Exclusive semi-leptonic decays of bottom mesons in the spectator quark model

1988

We calculate the exclusive semileptonic bottom meson decays\(B \to D(D*) + l^ - + \bar v_l \) in the spectator quark model. The helicity structure of the mesonic current transitionsB→D(D*) is matched to the helicity structure of the free quark current transitionsb→c at minimum momentum transferq2=0. The results are continued toq2≠=0 by pole-dominated form factors. Our results are compared to recent calculations that use quark model dynamics at maximum momentum transferq max 2 = (M1 −M2)2. We find agreement atq max 2 . Atq2=0 there are significant differences between the predictions of the two approaches leading to marked differences in the predictions for the shape of the lepton energy spec…

Elliptic equations and maps of bounded length distortion

1988

On considere l'equation elliptique d'ordre 2: L(u)=Σ i,f=1 n ∂ 1 (a ij ∂ ju )=0 ou les coefficients a ij sont des fonctions C 1 dans un domaine D de R n

Organic Materials for Nonlinear Optics

1988

In vivo and in vitro induction of natural killer cells by cloned human tumor necrosis factor

1988

The natural killer (NK) cell activity of mice in the peritoneal cavity is very low or undetectable and testing peritoneal NK cells is a useful model for studying the influence of activating substances upon local injection. Injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at doses of 10-200 ng caused a marked activation of NK cell activity which was maximal after 24 h and declined rapidly on day 2. A similar effect was observed when interferons alpha and beta were injected, and there were additive results when interferon was injected together with TNF. The NK cell nature of the effector cells activated by TNF was substantiated by the finding that previous injection with anti-asialo GM 1 antibody pre…

Prevalence of late-onset 11 β-hydroxylase-deficiency in hirsute patients

1988

Serum levels of 11-deoxycortisol were determined in 182 hirsute women. Three patients presented high basal 11-deoxycortisol levels and an exaggerated response of this steroid to ACTH stimulation. A fourth patient had normal basal 11-deoxycortisol but was hyperresponsive to ACTH stimulation. Therefore diagnosis of late-onset 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency was made in 4 out of 182 hirsute women with a prevalence of 2.2% in the group studied. In these patients, clinical findings and other hormonal patterns were not different from those of other women suffering from hirsutism.

Alteration of nuclear (2'-5')oligoriboadenylate synthetase and nuclease activities preceding replication of human immunodeficiency virus in H9 cells.

1988

After infection of the respective target cells with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) viral progeny is produced only after a short temporary delay of some days, depending on cell type. After this period of time a sudden onset of HIV-1 protein synthesis with a dramatic increase in virus release occurs. (2'-5')Oligoriboadenylates [(2'-5')A], capable to activate a latent ribonuclease (RNase L) degrading both mRNA and rRNA, are known mediators involved in the early response of cells to virus infection. Here we show that the (2'-5')A-synthesizing (2'-5')A synthetase, which is inducible by interferon and activated by double-stranded RNA, as well as a (2'-5')A nuclease (2',3'-exoribonucleas…

Lifetime and collisional depopulation of the metastable 5D 3/2-state of Yb+

1988

The lifetime and collisional depopulation rates of the metastable 5D 3/2 state of Yb+ have been determined in a radiofrequency ion trap by observation of the fluorescence count rate after ion excitation by a short laser pulse. From measurements using He, N2 and H2 as buffer gases between 10−8 and 10−6 mbar pressure and linear extrapolation to zero pressure we obtain a lifetime of τ=52.15±1.00 ms and rate constants ofR(H2)=(1.02±0.10)×10−9 cm3/s andR(N2)=(1.78±0.19)×10−10 cm3/s. The lifetime is in fair agreement with a calculated value of 74 ms.

Derivations on a Lie Ideal

1988

AbstractIn this paper we prove the following result: let R be a prime ring with no non-zero nil left ideals whose characteristic is different from 2 and let U be a non central Lie ideal of R.If d ≠ 0 is a derivation of R such that d(u) is invertible or nilpotent for all u ∈ U, then either R is a division ring or R is the 2 X 2 matrices over a division ring. Moreover in the last case if the division ring is non commutative, then d is an inner derivation of R.

Orientation et perspectives pour 1995

1988

Die Automorphismengruppe der abz�hlbaren, existentiell abgeschlossenenP A -GruppeE A

1988

Photochemie elektronenreicher 1,3‐Distyrylbenzole

1988

Die 1,3-Distyrylbenzole 3 mit bis zu sieben Alkoxygruppen werden der oxidativen Photocyclisierung unterworfen. Bei der Bildung der Produkte 6, 7 und 8 konnen als Konkurrenz- bzw. Folgeprozesse die Abspaltung von Methanol (3bb 7bb, 3bf 7bf) und die Chinonoxidation (3cf 8) auftreten. Die eigensensiblisierte Erzeugung von Singulettsauerstoff kann bei 6bf zur Endoperoxidbildung fuhren (6bf 11). Photochemistry of Electron-Rich 1,3-Distyrylbenzenes The 1,3-distyrylbenzenes 3, containing up to seven alkoxy groups, are subjected to the oxidative photocyclization. Elimination of methanol (3bb 7bb, 3bf 7bf) and quinone oxidation can occur as competitive or consecutive reactons in the formation of the…

Stable polymorphism for mutant eye colour geues in populations of Drosophila melanogaster in two different media

1988

In previous work analyzing variability of eye colour alleles existing in natural populations of D. melanogaster, it was observed that the number of females heterozygous for some eye colour alleles was greater in a wine cellar population than in populations outside this cellar. In order to determine which mechanisms caused these eye colour alleles to be favored in the heterozygotes, the changes in the frequency of four eye colour alleles frequently seen in the cellar population (se77o, sf77m, cd77o and multichromosomal 77o) was studied in artificial populations. Two different culture media, one supplemented with 10% ethanol and the other without ethanol were used. It was found that each of t…

Homogeneous Langmuir-Blodgett Film of Double-Chain Ammonium Amphiphile Complexed with Anionic Polymer

1988

Heterogeneous textures suggesting the coexistence of a fluid and a solid phase were found both in a surface monolayer and in a deposited Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film of double-chain ammonium amphiphiles by fluorescence microscopy. Although an annealing of the surface monolayer at 40°C allowed crystal growth, the heterogeneous phase separation remained in the LB film. A drastic change of the fluorescence image shows that the recrystallization of the complexed monolayer with anionic polymers conducted the homogeneous monolayer.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthetically Attractive Indolization Processes and Newer Methods for the Preparation of Selectively Substituted Indoles

1988

The synthetically interesting processes available for indolization reactions are discussed and illustrated in tabular form and particular emphasis is placed on the more recent methods.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrode Reactions of Difluorogermanium(IV) Porphyrins. Molecular Stereochemistry and Crystal Structure of Difluo…

1988

The difluorogermanium(IV) porphyrins [GeF2(P)][P = 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrinate(2–)(oep), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinate(2–)(tpp), or 5,10,15,20-tetra-p-tolylporphyrinate(2–)(tptp)] have been prepared by reacting hydrogen fluoride with the appropriate dichloro derivative [GeCl2(P)]. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H n.m.r., i.r., and u.v.–visible spectroscopy. The electrochemical behaviour was investigated in non-aqueous media while spectroelectrochemistry and e.s.r. were used to characterize the oxidized and reduced complexes. Each complex could be reversibly oxidized or reduced by one electron. In each case these electron additions or abstractions…

Neue Diels-Alder-Reaktionen von 1-Methylpyrano[3,4-b]indol-3(9H)-on mit cyclischen CC-Dienophilen: ein einfacher Zugang zu [b]anellierten Carbazol-De…

1988

1-Methylpyrano[3,4-b]indol-3(9H)-on (1) reagiert als synthetisches Aquivalent von Indolo-2,3-chinodimethan mit Arin, p-Benzochinon und p-Naphthochinon zu neuen [b]anellierten Carbazol-Derivaten. Durch das Reaktionsmedium bedingt lassen sich bei der Cycloaddition von 1 mit Arin zugleich auch mononitrierte Carbazole isolieren. New Diels-Alder Reactions of 1-Methylpyrano[3,4-b]indol-3(9H)-one with Cyclic CC-Dienophiles: A Simple Way to [b]Annulated Carbazole Derivatives. 1-Methylpyrano[3,4-b]indol-3-(9H)-one (1) reacts as synthetic equivalent of indolo-2,3-quinodimethane with benzyne, p-benzoquinone, and p-naphthoquinone to give new [b]annulated carbazole derivatives. In the Diels-Alder reacti…

T cells can present antigens such as HIV gp120 targeted to their own surface molecules

1988

To trigger class II-restricted T cells, antigen presenting cells have to capture antigens, process them and display their fragments in association with class II molecules. In most species, activated T cells express class II molecules; however, no evidence has been found that these cells can present soluble antigens. This failure may be due to the inefficient capture, processing or display of antigens in a stimulatory form by T-cells. The capture of a soluble antigen, which is achieved by nonspecific mechanisms in macrophages and dendritic cells, can be up to 10(3) times more efficient in the presence of surface receptors, such as surface immunoglobulin on B cells that specifically bind anti…

Metabolic Imaging in Microregions of Tumors and Normal Tissues With Bioluminescence and Photon Counting

1988

A method has been developed for metabolic imaging on a microscopic level in tumors, tumor spheroids, and normal tissues. The technique makes it possible to determine the spatial distribution of glucose, lactate, and ATP in absolute terms at similar locations within tissues or cell aggregates. The substrate distributions are registered in serial cryostat sections from tissue cryobiopsies or from frozen spheroids with the use of bioluminescence reactions. The light emission is measured directly by a special imaging photon counting system enabling on-line image analysis. The technique has been applied to human breast cancer xenografts, to spheroids originating from a human colon adenocarcinoma…

Effect of antibodies against cytochrome P-450 on demethylation and denitrosation of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosomethylaniline.

1988

Rat liver microsomes which were induced either with ethanol or PB were incubated with NDMA or NMA. Formaldehyde generation and nitrite formation were measured as metabolic parameters for oxidative bioactivation and denitrosation, respectively. The influence of antiserum PB3a1 and PB22 containing antibodies against the corresponding cytochrome P-450 species on both metabolic functions was investigated. The results showed that the influence on formaldehyde production and denitrosation varied independently in that both parameters were either not affected, or influenced in an opposite way, or inhibited to a different degree. Especially remarkable was the 80% inhibition of formaldehyde generatio…

Kac-Moody group representations and generalization of the Sugawara construction of the Virasoro algebra

1988

We discuss the dynamical structure of the semidirect product of the Virasoro and affine Kac-Moody groups within the framework of a group quantization formalism. This formalism provides a realization of the Virasoro algebra acting on Kac-Moody Fock states which generalizes the Sugawara construction. We also give an explicit construction of the standard Kac-Moody group representations associated with strings on SU(2) and recover, in particular, the ‘renormalization’ β factor of L(z)

Amsacrine with high-dose cytarabine is highly effective therapy for refractory and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults

1988

Abstract Thirty-six patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and four with primary refractory ALL were treated with a regimen that included amsacrine, 200 mg/m2, intravenously daily for three days with cytarabine, 3 gm/m2, by infusion over three hours daily for five days. There were 27 remissions in the 36 relapsed patients and two in the four patients with primary refractory disease. Seventeen of the 23 patients with common ALL, four of the six with T-cell ALL, one of the three with B-cell ALL, and seven of eight whose cells were not characterized responded. Toxicity of this regimen was comparable to other reinduction regimens for ALL, but the side effects characteristic o…

Time-dependence and differential induction of rat and guinea pig peroxisomal beta-oxidation, palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, cytosolic and microsomal epoxid…

1988

Fischer-344 rats and Hartley guinea pigs received a diet containing 0.01% (w/w), 0.05% (w/w), or 0.25% (w/w) of the hypolipidemic drug fenofibrate. Rats were treated for 4, 7, 14, or 21 days, and a clear dose-dependent and weak time-dependent increase in liver/body weight ratio was observed. The specific activity of peroxisomal beta-oxidation increased linearly with time at all concentrations used. A dose-dependent increase in cEH was observed, but the activity remained constant after treatment for 7 days. Enhancement of palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase was dose-dependent, but was similar at all 4 time points investigated. In contrast to the other enzyme activities, mEH was not or only minimally (le…

Wall mannoproteins of the yeast and mycelial cells of Candida albicans: nature of the glycosidic bonds and polydispersity of their mannan moieties.

1988

SUMMARY: Zymolyase released between 20 and 25% of the total protein from purified walls of yeast (Y) and mycelial (M) cells of Candida albicans. The material released contained 92% carbohydrate (86% mannose and 6% glucose) and 7:< protein. Over 85% of the carbohydrate was N-glycosidically linked to the protein and the rest (less than 15%) was linked O-glycosidically. Highly polydisperse, high molecular mass mannoproteins, resolved by electrophoresis as four defined bands in Y cells and two bands in M cells, had both types of sugar chains. A 34 kDa species found in both types of cells had a single 2.5 kDa N-glycosidically linked sugar chain and a 3 1.5 kDa protein moiety. Polydispersity in t…

Speckle correlation technique to determine roughness in the dermatologic interval.

1988

A non-invasive method is proposed to determine human skin roughness. The technique is based on measurement of the correlation between two field distributions scattered by a metallised triafol (cellulose acetate foil) replica of the epidermal area to be analysed. The two speckle patterns are produced from the same rough surface illuminated by two coherent plane waves (He-Ne laser) under two slightly different angles. The accuracy of the method is highlighted by measurements made on a set of standard samples with roughnesses previously determined by mechanical profilometry. Analysis of the results indicates a precision of around 10%, and an applicability within the interest range of very roug…

Concurrent Molecular Dynamics Simulation of ST2 Water on a Transputer Array

1988

Abstract A concurrent implementation of a Molecular Dynamics program for ST2 water molecules is presented, which exploits the great potentialities of the Transputer arrays for statistical mechanical calculations. High load-balance efficiency is obtained using a new task decomposition algorithm which evenly distributes particles and interaction calculations among the processors. This approach can also help to solve efficiently the more general problem of task distribution in parallel computing of symmetric pairwise system properties.

Inhibition of expression of natural UAG suppressor glutamine tRNA in HIV-infected human H9 cells in vitro by Avarol.

1988

HTLV-IIIB-infected H9 cells are shown to contain a high level of the natural UAG suppressor glutamine tRNA(UmUG Gln); this tRNA has been demonstrated to be required for the synthesis of Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV)-encoded protease. After cultivation of HTLV-IIIB-infected H9 cells with Avarol at a concentration (1 microgram/ml), previously found to protect the cells against the cytopathic effects of HTLV-III, an almost complete inhibition of the synthesis of the tRNA(UmUG Gln) was observed. Moreover, we obtained some evidence that the processing of the HTLV-III precursor protein p53 to p24 is inhibited by Avarol in infected cells, suggesting that the compound interferes with the …

Dunham coefficients of 14N2 from CARS measurements of high vibrational states in a low-pressure discharge

1988

Spectroscopic constants of the X1Σg+ ground state of 14N2 are deduced from CARS spectra recorded in a 4 Torr d.c. N2 glow discharge. Vibrational states up to ν = 14 have been observed but only the 11 lower levels which have a good signal-to-noise ratio have been processed. The Dunham constants that were deduced yield vibrational band centre positions in good agreement with those of Lofthus and Krupenie.

Excitonic absorption and Urbach's tail in bismuth sulfide single crystals

1988

The absorption coefficient of bismuth sulfide single crystals has been measured through more than four orders of magnitude and in the range of energies from 1.25 to 1.70 eV. A detailed study as a function of temperature has been carried out from 29 to 300 K. An Urbach tail for low values of absorption has been found. This tail and its temperature evolution fit the expression for ionic materials. An excitonic region appears at low temperature and the shape of the exciton peak is Gaussian, which corresponds to a strong exciton-phonon coupling. The exciton binding energy is estimated (28±3 meV) and then the energy gap at 29 K is obtained (Eg=1.523±0.003 eV). The fundamental electronic transiti…