STUDIEN ZUM VORGANG DER WASSERSTOFFÜBERTRAGUNG 511RANEY-NICKEL ALS REAGENS ZUR HYDRIERENDEN ABSPALTUNG DES CHALKOGENATOMS AUS SCHWEFEL-, SELEN- UND T…

1978

Abstract Thioather, Sulfoxide, Sulfone, organische Selenide und Telluride (R – Y – R': R, R', = Alkyl, Aryl, Y=S, SO, SO2, Se, Te) werden an der Grenzflache von Raney-Nickel hydrogenolysiert. Als Spaltprodukte entstehen die Verbindungen RH und R'H sowie eine Grenzflachenverbindung (Raney-Nickel-Y) (Y=S, Se, Te; S auch aus Sulfoxiden und Sulfonen. Letztere entbinden ebenfalls mit Mineralsauren YH2). Die Grose und ‘Struktur’ der Oberflache des Raney-Nickels entscheidet uber die Hydrogenolysekapazitat. Bei einer technischen Raney-Nickel-Probe liegt bei Diphenylsulfid die Sattigungsausbeute an Benzol bei 1,1 mmol/g Raney-Nickel. Die Sattigungskapazitat hangt ab von der Struktur von R bzw. R' un…

Consideraciones en torno a la dualidad simetrica en programacion no lineal

1978

En este estudio se profundiza en el analisis de la DUALIDAD SIMETRICA en Programacion No Lineal, explorando la posibilidad de incorporar, a los ya conocidos, nuevos teoremas de dualidad que puedan ser soporte de hipoteticos algoritmos del tipo Primal-Dual. Se constata, mediante una relacion exhaustiva de contraejemplos, la imposibilidad de obtener un teorema de dualidad debil al sustiuir la condicion de convexidad por la de pseudoconvexidad, asi como de establecer algun criterio firme sobre la acotacion y existencia de optimo para cada problema dadas las caracteristicas de su dual. En el ultimo apartado se demuestran algunos teoremas de dualidad fuerte para ciertas funciones particulares, d…

The storage ring magnet of the third muon (g-2) experiment at CERN

1978

The third ( g −2) experiment carried out at CERN required a storage ring magnet with a field as uniform as possible and known with an accuracy of a few parts per million over the whole storage region. Here we describe this magnet, which has a useful aperture of 120 mm horizontally and 80 mm vertically and a diameter of ∼14 m. The various field controls necessary are indicated, and the complex procedure adopted for the shimming work is described. The finally reached homogeneity of the field, averaged in azimuth, was 3 ppm. All the various error sources and field map corrections needed are analysed. Finally, the special aspects of the machine developed for the shimming are described.

A walk-free centroid method for lifetime measurements with pulsed beams

1978

Abstract A delayed-coincidence lifetime measurement method based on a comparison of walk-free centroids of time spectra is presented. The time is measured between the cyclotron rf signal and the pulse from a plastic scintillation detector followed by a fixed energy selection. The events to be time-analyzed are selected from the associated charge-particle spectrum of a silicon detector which is operated in coincidence with the scintillator, i.e. independently of the formation of the signal containing the time information. With this technique, with the micropulse fwhm of typically 500 to 700 ps, half-lives down to the 10 ps region can be measured. The following half-lives are obtained with th…

Generation and release of eosinophil chemotactic factor from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by arachidonic acid

1978

This study describes the generation and release of an eosinophil chemotactic factor from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils, rat basophilic leukemia cells, and from a lymphocyte monocyte basophil suspension by arachidonic acid (AA). The eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) is highly specific for eosinophils and resembles the ECF activity obtained from human polymorpho-nuclear neutrophils after stimulation with the Ca ionophore or during phagocytosis. In this regard, AA-induced ECF represents a biological activity distinct from oxidized AA and its conversion products. AA may therefore have a dual function: it represents an important mechanism of cell activation; as AA is converted into prost…

Effect of nitrite on microsomal cytochrome P-450.

1978

1. Addition of nitrite to anaerobic rat liver microsomes leads to the appearance of a difference spectrum similar to the spectrum of the ferrous cytochrome P-450-NO complex. A Soret band is found at 444 nm in phenobarbital-stimulated microsomes but at 442 nm in 3-methylcholanthrene-stimulated microsomes. An alpha-band is located at 583 nm in both types of microsome. 2. The initial nitrite-induced difference spectrum is converted into a spectrum lacking a Soret band but with a prominent absorbance minimum at 417 nm. This is more rapid in microsomes from phenobarbital-treated animals where it is completed in 8 min than in microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated animals. A similar spectru…

Die dimerisierung von endständigen α-hydroxyacetylenen mit rhodiumkomplexkatalysatoren

1978

Abstract The dimerisation of monosubstituted α-hydroxyacetylenes, which is catalysed by rhodium complexes, yields 1,4-disubstituted vinylacetylenes. The catalyst has been optimized for 3-methylbut-1-yn-3-ol as the substrate by using different ligands. Kinetic measurements were carried out with the monomers 3-methylbut-1-yn-3-ol, 3-methylpent-1-yn-3-ol and 1-ethynylcyclohexan-1-ol. In addition the rates of the dimerisation have been compared with those for a further series of α-hydroxyacetylenes. The by-products from the reaction of 3-methylbut-1-yn-3-ol with [(C 6 H 5 ) 3 P] 3 RhCl as catalyst were determined and the yields of the products compared with those of but-1-yn-3-ol and prop-1-yn-…

Analisis bayesiano de un proceso binomial

1978

En este trabajo se estudia el proceso de Bernouilli desde una perspectiva bayesiana. El analisis no se limita a la conocida obtencion de las distribuciones finales que corresponden a una determinada familia de distribuciones iniciales. Asi, se estudian con detalle los problemas de la especificacion de la distribucion inicial, y la determinacion del tamano muestral adecuado a las necesidades del investigador. Mediante el analisis de un conjunto de datos farmacologicos, se ejemplican los resultados y se ilustran una vez mas la flexibilidad y elegancia de los metodos bayesianos.

THET-BUTYL GROUP AS A POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE GROUP IN THE SYNTHESIS OF OLIGO [HYDROXY-1,3-PHENYLENE]METHYLENES

1978

(1978). THE T-BUTYL GROUP AS A POSSIBLE PROTECTIVE GROUP IN THE SYNTHESIS OF OLIGO [HYDROXY-1,3-PHENYLENE]METHYLENES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 113-121.

Die Therapie der veralteten Schulterluxation

1978

Eine Schulterluxation, die langer als vier Wochen besteht, gilt als veraltet. Die Diagnose ist klinisch-radiologisch einfach zu stellen. Therapeutisch ist die Reposition auch nach Monaten noch anzustreben. Gelingt die Reposition nicht, ist lediglich bei jungen Patienten die blutige Reposition angezeigt. Bei alteren Patienten sollte der Zustand belassen und die eintretende Gebrauchsminderung in Kauf genommen werden.

The difference of crystal fields in ErAl2 and La0.9Er0.1Al2

1978

Abstract Inelastic neutron scattering experiments have been carried out on polycrystalline ErAl2 and on the related pseudobinary compound La0.9Er0.1Al2 in the paramagnetic phase. For ErAl2 the parameters of the cubic crystal field could uniquely be determined as x=+0.16 and W=−0.030 meV. The results on the dilute sample are different from this and are thought to be due effective charges of Er and La being not equivalent.

Analyse von Copolymeren aus Vinylestern und Acrylestern

1978

Die Copolymeren aus Vinyl- und Acrylestern werden in abgeschmolzenen Ampullen durch 2 M NaOH verseift. Die aus den Vinylester-Grundbausteinen gebildeten Sauren werden durch potentiometrische Titration bestimmt; liegen verschiedene Vinylester nebeneinander vor, so wird das Mengenverhaltnis der Sauren gaschromatographisch ermittelt. Die bei der Verseifung aus den Acrylester-Grundbausteinen entstehenden Alkohole werden gaschromatographisch identifiziert und gegen tert-Butanol als internen Standard quantitativ bestimmt. Ein besonderer Vorteil der Methode besteht darin, das auch wasrige Dispersionen ohne vorherige Abtrennung des Copolymeren eingesetzt werden konnen. The copolymers from vinyl est…

Metabolism of the anaerobic formation of succinic acid bySaccharomyces cerevisiae

1978

1. Succinic acid is formed in amounts of 0.2–1.7 g/l by fermenting yeasts of the genusSaccharomyces during the exponential growth phase. No differences were observed between the various species, respiratory deficient mutants and wild type strains. 2. At low glucose concentrations the formation of succinic acid depended on the amount of sugar fermented. However, the nitrogen source was found to be of greater importance than the carbon source. 3. Of all nitrogen sources, glutamate yielded the highest amounts of succinic acid. Glutamate led to an oxidative and aspartate to a reductive formation of succinic acid. 4. A reductive formation of succinic acid by the citric acid cycle enzymes was obs…

Rb-Sr geochronology in favour of polymetamorphism in the Pan African Damara belt of Namibia (South West Africa)

1978

New Rb-Sr whole rock age data are reported from two metasedimentary sequences of the Damara Supergroup in the central Pan African Damara belt of Namibia (South West Africa).

Tierexperimentelle untersuchungen zur pathogenese intraoperativer Kreislauf- und atmungsreaktionen bei der implantation sogenannter knochenzemente in…

1978

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Auswirkungen der bei Implantation von Knochenzement auftretenden Druckerhohung in der Knochenmarkhohle auf den Kreislauf und die Atmung experimentell dargestellt and der Pathomechanismus untersucht. Die dabei beobachteten Atmungs- und Kreislaufreaktionen sind direkte Folge der intramedullaren Druckerhohung. Es handelt sich hierbei um rein nerval-reflektorische Vorgange ausgehend von der Nervenversorgung der Markhohle und nicht um Reaktionen auf Monomere des Methylmethacrylates, die beim Ausharten des Knochenzementes in den Kreislauf gelangen konnen. Abgegrenzt werden diese reflektorischen Reaktionen von der meist als Fettembolie bezeichneten and todlich…

Structure-activity relationship of histamine H2-receptor agonists

1978

As demonstrated by the results the active C-5(4) substituted histamines and Nα-methyl-histamines are to various extents selective H2-receptor agonists.

La régionalisation de l'économie française par une méthode de taxinomie numérique floue

1978

Régionaliser une économie c'est chercher à effectuer un découpage de l'espace national en sous-espaces économiquement significatifs, lesquels sont appelés régions économiques. Cette communication se propose de présenter les résultats d'une construction des régions économiques homogènes de l'économie française par une méthode de taxinomie numérique floue. Une région économique homogène est un agrégat d'unités spatiales élémentaires (U.S.E.) individualisées par des critères (ou descripteurs) socio-économiques tels que les structures démographique et financière, le degré de développement agricole, industriel et éventuellement culturel, etc. L'association de ces U.S.E. en régions homogènes s'ef…

Coulomb effects in three-body reactions with two charged particles

1978

We present the details of a novel approach to the treatment of Coulomb effects in atomic and nuclear reactions of the three-body type in which two of the particles are charged. Based on three-body integral equations the formalism allows the practical calculation of elastic, inelastic, rearrangement, and breakup processes with full inclusion of the Coulomb repulsion or attraction in a mathematically correct way. No restrictions need to be made concerning the form of the short-range interactions between the three pairs. A particular virtue of our method lies in the fact that it corroborates, and gives precise meaning to, the intuitively anticipated conception of how to describe such reactions.

Areal extent and first U-Pb age of the Pre-Damaran Abbabis complex in the central Damara belt of South West Africa (Namibia)

1978

The Proterozoic Abbabis Complex emerges from beneath the metasediments of the Late Precambrian Damara Supergroup within mantled gneiss domes and anticlinoria over a wide area in the central granite zone of the Pan African Damara belt. U-Pb dating of composite-, size-, and non-magnetic fractions of metamict zircons from two samples of Abbabis granite-gneiss from the farm Abbabis yielded a concordia intercept age of 1925 −280 +330 Ma. It is speculated that the Abbabis basement rocks are continuous under the Damaran metasedimentary cover and may link up with the Franzfontein basement inlier of similar age. This conclusion supports the ensialic character of the northeastern branch of the Damara…

Selbstadjungierte Operatoren als ?dual rein atomare? Skalaroperatoren

1978

Isoenzyme der Kreatin-Kinase: Verteilungsmuster in der Skeletmuskulatur und im Serum bei Erkrankungen sowie Sch�digungen der Muskulatur

1978

In operativ gewonnenem Skeletmuskel wurden mit Hilfe der Immun-Prazipitation und der Chromatographie die Isoenzyme der Kreatin-Kinase untersucht. Dabei fanden sich Aktivitaten der CK-MB zwischen 17 und 47 U/g Frischgewicht, entsprechend einem Anteil von 2,1–4,2% der Gesamtaktivitat. Bei Patienten mit Muskeldystrophie, Polymyositis, Hypothyreose, nach arteriellen Embolien, epileptischen Anfallen, Hyperventilationstetanie, Operationen und nach Polytrauma mit und ohne Thoraxverletzungen wurden im Verlaufe die Isoenzyme der CK im Serum mit Hilfe der Immun-Prazipitations- und Immun-Inhibitions-Methode bestimmt. In diesen Krankheitsgruppen liesen sich im Serum bei einem Grosteil der Patienten CK-…

The Spirit of Inquiry and the Reflected Self: Theological Anthropology and the Sociology of Knowledge

1978

The general aim of an anthropology may be said to be the determination of man's characteristics in his environment. In social anthropology, however, the trend has been to emphasise the environment at the expense of man. The present article argues that a similar tendency prevails in theology's typical description of man as a ‘hearer’ of the Word of God and finds illuminating parallels in Berger and Luckmann's sociology of knowledge. The failure of these two authors to maintain a true dialectic between individual creativity and the formative influences of society appears in connection with their view of human inquiry. By developing George Kelly's model of man as an inquiring scientist, the ar…

Kardiovaskul�re Effekte von Dobutamin

1978

Die kardiovaskularen Effekte von Dobutamin, einem Derivat des Dopamin, wurden an 7 Patienten mit chronischer Funktionsstorung der linken Kammer bei koronarer und myokardialer Herzerkrankung untersucht. Dobutamin wurde in steigenden Dosen von 2,5–5,0–7,5–10,0 und 15,0 µg/kg/min infundiert. Gemessen wurden der Druck in der zentralen Aorta, im linken Ventrikel (Kathetertipmanometer; LVEDP, LVdp/dtmax) und in der Pulmonalarterie sowie das Herzminutenvolumen (Farbstoffverdunnungsmethode). Der positiv chronotrope Effekt von Dobutamin war gering und erst bei 15,0 µg/kg/min statistisch auffallig. Der systolische Aortendruck nahm im gesamten Dosisbereich masig stark zu. Dagegen war die Zunahme des m…

Amino acid transport in the retina.

1978

The uptake, exit, homoexchange, inhibitory pattern, and kinetic analysis of transport of three amino acids were studied in the isolated retina of adult rat under different metabolic conditions. Only in the case of glycine, uptake and exit were shown to duplicate the processes observed in brain slices. In the case of lysine, glucose and oxygen showed an inhibitory effect, but with glutamate spontaneous exit could not be measured. It was also found that the rate of homoexchange for glycine and glutamate, but not for lysine, increases in the presence of oxygen and glucose.

The Efficiency of Polymer Fractionation at Lower Critical Solution Temperatures

1978

The efficiency of a single fractionation step (i.e. of the partition of a given polymer sample between the coexisting phases which form when its solution demixes) is governed by the variation of the mass ratio of the individual P-mers with chain length. These dependences have been measured for the system dimethoxymethane/diethylether/ polystyrene which exhibits lower critical solution temperatures by means of the Baker-Williams method and by means of g.p.c. Their comparison with the results of previous investigation on systems showing upper critical solution temperatures reveals no thermodynamic differences in the aptitude of upper and lower critical solution temperatures for fractionation …

A search for quarks in the CERN SPS neutrino beam

1978

Quarks and leptons are the only pointlike particles known so far. However, a search for a proton-breaking mechanism in high-energy neutrino-nucleon interactions had never been performed. We present here the results of the first experiment in this field.

On the yrast two proton-two neutron hole states in208Po

1978

High-spin levels in208Po, populated in the208Pb(α,4n)-reaction, were studied usingα-particles in the energy region 41–51 MeV. The energies of levels above the 6+ level have an uncertainty of about 10 keV due to the fact that the 8+→6+ transition has not been observed so far, but this transition has previously been established to be converted neither in theK-shell nor in theL-shells. It was found that the yrast cascade ofγ-rays from a 19+ level at 5896+e keV feeds levels of lower spin which all can be explained as originating from two proton-two neutron hole configurations. In the higher part of the cascade it is mainly the neutron holes which change their configuration, while the lower part…

New synthesis of condensed heterocycles from isoxazole derivatives VI. 2,5-Dimethyl-3-aeetyl-7-amino-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-b] pyridine

1978

A new synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b] pyridine starting with pyrrole ring is described. The procedure allows the synthesis of 4-azaindoles bearing a sensitive group at C-7. The nitration of 4b with nitric acid and acetic anhydride at −15° gave 5. The hydrogenation of 5 led to simultaneous reduction of N-hydroxy and nitro groups and to hydrogenolysis of the isoxazole nucleus, affording an appropriate chain of atoms to building up the pyrrolo[3,2-b] pyridine ring.

Dose-response relationships and plasma concentrations of digitalis glycosides in man.

1978

An inter-individual, randomized, double-blind study of digitoxin (Dt) and β-acetyl digoxin (D) was performed in 120 healthy male volunteers. Groups of 10 persons each received orally D 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 or 0.6 mg and Dt 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, or 0.16 mg daily for 7 days; Loading doses were given for the first three days. Plasma levels were measured with an86Rb-erythrocyte assay 24 h after the last dose. ECG, carotid artery pulse and phonocardiogram were recorded prior to (b) and 24 h after (a) the last dose. QTc, amplitude of T-waves in V2 to V6, electromechanical systole (QS2c) and left ventricular ejection time (LVETc) were measured. The differences between a and b (Δ-values) reflect …

Scaling violation in the infinite-momentum frame

1978

The theory of scaling violation is studied in asymptotically free gauge theories formulated in the infinite-momentum frame. The transition probabilities occurring in the equation governing the q/sup 2/ dependence of the parton distributions are calculated directly. The equivalence of this formalism for the longitudinal parton distributions with the usual one based on the operator-product expansion is demonstrated. The assets of our method are calculational simplicity and reference to physical intuition.

Polymere Charge-transfer-Komplexe auf der Basis von Polyvinylalkoholacetalen

1978

Poly[2-(1-naphthyl)-1,3-dioxan-4,6-diylmethylene] (3), poly[2-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-dioxan-4,6-diylmethylene] (5), 1-naphthalenecarbaldehydetrimethyleneacetal (7) and 2-naphthalenecarbaldehydetrimethyleneacetal (8) were synthesized and characterized by UV- and fluorescencespectroscopy. In addition triplet-triplet absorption maxima and triplet-lifetimes were determined by flash technique. The naphthalene derivates were found to act as donors in the charge-transfer complex formation with such electron acceptors as tetracyanoethylene, 2,5-cyclohexadien-1,4-diylidenedimalonodinitrile and 2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenone. The equilibrium constants of the charge-transfer complexes were determined spect…

The anisotropic behaviour of a preoriented poly (ethylene terephthalate) during plastic deformations

1978

Data on the anisotropic tensile behavior of samples cut along several directions of a biaxially oriented PET sheet are here presented. Shear deformations were observed together with the usual elongations. The data are compared with the predictions of a non-linear model recently proposed.

The energy loss system of the electron scattering facility at the Mainz 300 MeV linear accelerator

1978

Abstract An energy loss system was constructed for the electron scattering facility at the Mainz 300 MeV linear accelerator with the aim of improving the energy resolution and increasing the useful beam current. The main features of the design are: (1) the existing system (conventional mode) is kept in full operation, (2) for the energy loss mode, the electron beam is deflected vertically downwards and then returned to the original beam line by the dispersion matching system, consisting of three dipole magnets and one quadrupole magnet, (3) the dispersion of the beam on the target can be tuned to the dispersion of the spectrometer with the aid of the quadrupole magnet. With the installation…

Stufenweise Darstellung von Cyclo{quater[(5-alkyl-2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylen)methylen]}en und ihr Vergleich mit linearen phenolischen Mehrkernverbindungen

1978

The stepwise syntheses of cyclo{quater[(5-alkyl-2-hydroxy-1,3-phenylene)methylene]}s (5) are described and compared with a one-flask reaction procedure. The structures of the cyclic compounds 5 are analytically confirmed and their properties were compared with those of linear phenol formaldehyde condensates which have very similar structures and molecular weights.

Gluon contribution to hadronicJψproduction

1978

Using the recent CERN and Fermilab measurements for J/ψ production by π±, K±, p and p beams we show, within the framework of QCD, that only a combined version of light quark qq→cc fusion and gluon gg→cc fusion mechanisms can account for the various total cross section beam ratios as well as for the observed xF‐distributions.

Algorithme pour la résolution des systèmes flous

1978

Sanchez formulated conditions and theoretical methods to resolve fuzzy relations. The purpose of this study is to give an algorithm which would actual- ly enable us to determine the functions of appartenance of unknown relations.