Biosorption of green and black tea polyphenols into Saccharomyces cerevisiae improves their bioaccessibility

Infusions of green tea (GT) and black tea (BT) and the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a natural matrix were employed to check the impact of biosorption on the possible fate of tea polyphenols in the gastrointestinal tract in terms of bioaccessibility and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC assays). The maximum biosorption yields obtained were 47.61 ± 11.57 and 99.68 ± 5.25 mg/g from GT and BT infusions, respectively. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in the recovery of phenolic compounds was shown after in vitro digestion. The bioaccessible fractions generally exhibited higher antioxidant capacities in both tea infusions and suspensions of S. cerevisiae versus non-digested samples…

Labeling and nutritional education

Abstract Nutritional food labeling has two components, a nutrient declaration on the back-of-package (usually mandatory) and supplementary simple graphical nutrition information on the front-of-package (commonly voluntary), which are aimed at assisting consumers to be aware of the nutritional value of foods in order to make healthy food choices. This is an important tool for nutritional education that can aid consumers in the fight against diet-related chronic diseases that currently constitute a global public health concern worldwide. In this chapter, the main factors involved in the use and understanding of nutrition labels by consumers, and a detailed explanation of the characteristics o…

Apoptotic effect of a phytosterol-ingredient and its main phytosterol (β-sitosterol) in human cancer cell lines

Dietary interventions may effectively control cancer development, with phytosterols (PS) being a class of cancer chemopreventive dietary phytochemicals. The present study, for the first time, evaluates the antiproliferative effects of a PS-ingredient used for the enrichment of several foods and its main PS, β-sitosterol, at physiological serum levels, in the most prevalent cancer cells in women (breast (MCF-7), colon (HCT116) and cervical (HeLa)). In all three cell lines, these compounds induced significant cell viability reduction without a clear time- and dose-dependent response. Moreover, all treatments produced apoptotic cell death with the induction of DNA fragmentation through the app…

Antioxidant effect derived from bioaccessible fractions of fruit beverages against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells

Abstract This work evaluates the effect of bioaccessible fractions from fruit beverages against oxidative stress (OS) in Caco-2 cells. A fruit beverage (grape + orange + apricot) (with/without milk and/or iron/zinc) was subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, and bioaccessible fractions were incubated with Caco-2 cell cultures. Following preincubation, OS was induced with 5 mM H 2 O 2 . Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial potential (Δ ψ m ), mitochondrial metabolism (MTT test), intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were measured. The data evidenced viable cultures with increased mitochondrial metabolism and GSH-Rd ac…

The effect of enriching milk-based beverages with plant sterols or stanols on the fatty acid composition of the products

Five plant sterol (PS)-enriched dairy products from the Spanish market were characterised for fatty acids (FA), volatile compounds and lipid stability. The ingredients used for PS enrichment by the food industry may come from different sources, thus influencing the composition and stability of the lipid fraction. In this study, the FA profile proved highly variable among samples, not agreeing with the nutritional labelling of the products. The volatile profile was characterised. A total of 55 volatile compounds were identified in the samples by GC–MS. Concentrations of hexanal (from 1.1 to 7.5 ng/g), nonanal (from 0.9 to 1.2 ng/g) and decane (from n.d. to 11.9 ng/g) indicated a low lipid ox…

Impact of high-pressure processing on the stability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds in Clementine mandarin juice and its cytoprotective effect on Caco-2 cells.

Mandarin juice is a rich source of antioxidant bioactive compounds. While the content and profile of bioactives are known, the impact of high-pressure processing (HPP) on their stability and bioaccessibility (BA) is unknown, but may allow obtaining safe, nutritious, and fresh-tasting juices with highly extractable bioactive compounds. The stability and BA of bioactive antioxidant compounds in untreated and HPP-treated (400 MPa/40 °C/1 min) Clementine mandarin juices, and the cytoprotective effect of its bioaccessible fractions (BF) obtained after simulated gastrointestinal digestion against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in differentiated Caco-2 cells were investigated. The BF of HPP-treated…

The impact of galactooligosaccharides on the bioaccessibility of sterols in a plant sterol-enriched beverage: adaptation of the harmonized INFOGEST digestion method.

The effect of the addition of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on sterol bioaccessibility in three plant sterol (PS)-enriched milk-based fruit beverages (without GOS addition (MfB) and with 2.5 g (MfB-G2) and 5.0 g (MfB-G5) GOS per 250 mL) was evaluated after micellar gastrointestinal digestion. Cholesterol bioaccessibility was very similar among beverages, though a slight significant increase (from 80% to 85%) was observed by the addition of 5.0 g GOS. The addition of GOS did not affect total PS bioaccessibility (≈37%). Based on the results obtained after micellar digestion, it has been demonstrated that these beverages could be a suitable food matrix for simultaneous enrichment with PS and G…

Effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on plant sterols and their oxides in enriched beverages

Abstract This study evaluates the bioaccessibility (percentage of soluble compound available for absorption) of plant sterols (PS) and their oxides (phytosterol oxidation products, POPs) after simulated gastrointestinal digestion in fruit (Fb), milk (M) and fruit-based milk beverages with (FbM a ) or without (FbM b ) tangerine juice. In beverages and their bioaccessible fraction (BF), campesterol, campestanol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and sitostanol were detected. Bioaccessibility of total PS ranged between 2.62 and 6.48%, FbM b yielding the highest value, followed by FbM a  > Fb > M. Campesterol/campestanol were the most bioaccessible PS. Only oxides of β-sitosterol were detected in beve…

Static Digestion Models: General Introduction

Several in vitro methods have been developed to simulate the physiological conditions of the human gastrointestinal digestion, the simplest being the static methods. The following chapter clarifies the concepts of bioaccessibility and dialyzability, and describes the conditions (pH, enzymes, agitation, etc.) to be applied in oral, gastric and intestinal phases when assessing a food component (nutrient, bioactive or toxin) or a food product, in a single or multi-phase model. The advantages and disadvantages of the static models vs. dynamic and in vivo models are discussed, and a review of specific conditions applied on nutrients (minerals, vitamins, proteins, fatty acids, etc.) and bioactive…

Influence of storage and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on totqal antioxidant capacity of fruit beverages

Eight fruit beverages containing grape, orange and apricot, with/without iron and/or zinc and with/without milk added were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (ORAC and TEAC methods), ascorbic acid content, and total polyphenols. The influence of cold storage (2-4 degrees C) during the product shelf-life (135 days) and antioxidant capacity after an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion were evaluated. Antioxidant capacity for all beverages together increased significantly (p < 0.05) at the end of storage (16.4% and 12.8% for ORAC and TEAC, respectively), whereas ascorbic acid remained stable. Regarding in vitro digestion, antioxidant values of bioaccessible fractions of fruit beverages in…

Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Cholesterol Oxides in Human Colon Cancer Caco-2 Cells

The content of cholesterol oxides (COPs) in foods varies between 0.1 and 294.3 mg/g. These oxides are formed by auto-oxidative enzymatic processes promoted by the heat treatment of food and/or to exposition of them to the presence of oxygen and sunlight during storage. Their importance is that they are associated with pathological processes like apoptosis, dyslipidemia and pro-oxidative states, among others. The objective was to evaluate the cytotoxicity, by means MTT assay, of 7-keto cholesterol (7KC), cholestane-triol (Triol), α-epoxy cholesterol (α-epoxy C), β-epoxy cholesterol (β-epoxy C) in differentiated Caco-2 cells at 120μM for 24, 48 and 72h.Triol was the most cytotoxic COP, with a…

Peptide-metal complexes: obtention and role in increasing bioavailability and decreasing the pro-oxidant effect of minerals.

Bioactive peptides derived from food protein sources have been widely studied in the last years, and scientific researchers have been proving their role in human health, beyond their nutritional value. Several bioactivities have been attributed to these peptides, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and opioid. Among them, metal-binding capacity has gained prominence. Mineral chelating peptides have shown potential to be applied in food products so as to decrease mineral deficiencies since peptide-metal complexes could enhance their bioavailability. Furthermore, many studies have been investigating their potential to decrease the Fe pro-oxidant effect by f…

7keto-stigmasterol and 7keto-cholesterol induce differential proteome changes to intestinal epitelial (Caco-2) cells

Abstract Recent studies have expanded the appreciation of the roles of oxysterols triggering inflammatory, immune cytotoxic and apoptotic processes, but have not been considered for proteome analysis. A comparative proteomic study in intestinal epithelial cell cultures incubated (60 μM/24 h) with 7keto-cholesterol or 7keto-stigmasterol was performed. The influence of both compounds was studied following the nLC-TripleTOF analysis. Findings were compared to results for control cultures. In the principal component analysis (PCA) of proteome patterns, two components were extracted accounting for 99.8% of the variance in the protein expression. PCA analysis clearly discriminated between the per…

Stability of fatty acids and tocopherols during cold storage of human milk

The stability of fatty acids and tocopherols from human milk from 8 healthy lactating mothers was determined in fresh milk and after cold storage. Refrigeration at 4 °C for 48 h or freezing at −20 °C for 30 days did not significantly decrease fatty acid contents (mg per 100 g human milk), or concentrations of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol isomers, compared with fresh milk. Results obtained in the present study showed that cold storage under the usual storage conditions in neonatal units, at home or in milk banks did not have a detrimental effect upon fatty acids and tocopherols contents in human milk. Thus, infants can receive stored human milk without losses in the nutritional value of these…

Effects of Plant Sterols or β-Cryptoxanthin at Physiological Serum Concentrations on Suicidal Erythrocyte Death.

The eryptotic and hemolytic effects of a phytosterol (PS) mixture (β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) or β-cryptoxanthin (β-Cx) at physiological serum concentration and their effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH) (75 and 300 μM) were evaluated. β-Cryptoxanthin produced an increase in eryptotic cells, cell volume, hemolysis, and glutathione depletion (GSH) without ROS overproduction and intracellular Ca2+influx. Co-incubation of both bioactive compounds protected against β-Cx-induced eryptosis. Under tBOOH stress, PS prevented eryptosis, reducing Ca2+influx, ROS overproduction and GSH depletion at 75 μM, and hemolysis at both tBOOH concentrations. β…

Fruit Juices: Technology, Chemistry, and Nutrition 2.0

In recent years, the food industry has increased its interest in the development of functional foods, including fruit juices, due to the increased demand among consumers for foods and beverages that benefit and improve our health [...]

In vitrobioaccessibility of iron and zinc in fortified fruit beverages

Summary Iron and zinc bioaccessibility was estimated in the in vitro gastrointestinal digests of six different fortified fruit beverages (Fb) containing iron and/or zinc and/or skimmed milk (M). Solubility values can be used to establish trends in relative bioavailability of iron and zinc, as the first stage towards mineral bioavailability comprises solubility in the intestinal tract. FbFe, FbFeM and FbFeZnM samples showed iron bioaccessibility above 88%, differing (P < 0.05) from those of FbFeZn (53%). In turn, FbZn, FbFeZn and FbZnM samples presented higher zinc bioaccessibility (above 68%), differing (P < 0.05) from those of FbFeZnM (48%). The presence of milk-derived caseinophosphopepti…

Impact of Lipid Components and Emulsifiers on Plant Sterols Bioaccessibility from Milk-Based Fruit Beverages.

Sterol bioaccessibility (BA) of three plant sterol (PS)-enriched milk-based fruit beverages (MFb) with different fat contents (1.1–2.4%), lipid sources (animal or vegetable), and without or with emulsifiers (whey proteins enriched with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) or soy lecithin) was evaluated after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The BA of total PS followed the order 31.4% (MFbM containing milk fat and whey proteins enriched with MFGM) = 28.2% (MFbO containing extra virgin olive oil and soy lecithin) > 8.7% (MFb without fat addition). Total and individual PS content in the bioaccessible fractions followed the order MFbM > MFbO > MFb. Consequently, formulation with MFGM is propos…

Optimization of the Red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) Viscera Hydrolysis for Obtaining Iron-Binding Peptides and Evaluation of In Vitro Iron Bioavailability

Iron deficiencies continue to cause significant health problems in vulnerable populations. A good strategy to combat mineral deficiency includes fortification with iron-binding peptides. This research aims to determine the optimal conditions to hydrolyze red tilapia viscera (RTV) using Alcalase 2.4 L and recovery of iron-binding protein hydrolysate. The result showed that under the optimal hydrolysis condition including pH 10, 60 &deg

Antiproliferative activity of green, black tea and olive leaves polyphenols subjected to biosorption and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion in Caco-2 cells.

Olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves and tea (Camellia sinensis) are rich sources of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols. Our previous studies have evidenced the potential use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a natural delivery system for these antioxidants and a means to improve their bioaccessibility in the human gut. In the present work, the antiproliferative effect of green tea (GT), black tea (BT) and olive leaves (OL) infusions and suspensions of S. cerevisiae were evaluated, for the first time, in human colon cancer cells (Caco-2) after biosorption and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The bioaccessible fractions (BF) were not overtly cytotoxic, not affecting cell viability. ROS …

Addition of milk fat globule membrane as an ingredient of infant formulas for resembling the polar lipids of human milk

Polar lipid (PL) contents in human milk (HM) from two different geographic zones in Spain (central and coastal) were determined. These PLs were also analysed in several infant formulas (IFs), three of which contained milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), an ingredient used to resemble the PL profile of HM. Total PL in HM decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from transitional milk (48.62 mg 100 mL−1) to 6 months (28.66 mg 100 mL−1). In HM, sphingomyelin was the most abundant PL, followed by phosphatidylethanolamine; in IFs the most abundant PL was phosphatidylethanolamine. Only IFs with MFGM (54.79–58.07 mg 100 mL−1) could supply the total and individual PL content present in all lactation periods…

Oxysterol mixture in hypercholesterolemia-relevant proportion causes oxidative stress-dependent eryptosis.

Background/Aims: Oxysterol activity on the erythrocyte (RBC) programmed cell death (eryptosis) had not been studied yet. Effects of an oxysterol mixture in hyper-cholesterolemic-relevant proportion, and of individual compounds, were investigated on RBCs from healthy humans. Methods: Membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, calcium entry, ROS production, amino-phospholipid translocase (APLT) activity were evaluated by cytofluorimetric assays, cell volume from forward scatter. Prostaglandin PGE2 was measured by ELISA; GSH-adducts and lipoperoxides by spectrophotometry. Involvement of protein kinase C and caspase was investigated by inhibitors staurosporin, calphostin C, and Z-DEVD-FM…

Protective effect of antioxidants contained in milk-based fruit beverages against sterol oxidation products

Abstract Sterol oxidation products (SOPs) have shown cytotoxic effect in human intestinal cells; however, their effect within a food matrix has not been assayed yet. This study evaluated the possible cytotoxic effect of SOPs within bioaccessible fractions (BFs) of two milk-based fruit beverages with (BFA)/without (BFB) plant sterols in differentiated Caco-2 cells and if the BFs counteracted the cytotoxic effect induced by COPs mixture (30 and 60 μM). BFs did not evoke cytotoxic effect in any of the tests carried out and they protected against the loss of intestinal cohesion, mitochondrial depolarization and necrosis induced by COPs mixture. Moreover, BFB sample protected from cell cycle arr…

Iron bioavailability in iron-fortified cereal foods: The contribution of in vitro studies

Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency in humans. Not all dietary ingested iron, heme or nonheme, will be available to absorption and negative imbalance between iron requirements and absorption leads to iron deficiency and/or anemia. The recommended iron values usually are based on the genetic and on diet iron-bioavailability, which can be considered as the principal factor that change among the cultures and influences the distinct levels of recommendation among countries. Dietary changes present practical limitations due to be difficult to change food habits. The iron food fortification is considered more cost effective and economically more attractive than iron s…

A positive impact on the serum lipid profile and cytokines after the consumption of a plant sterol-enriched beverage with a milk fat globule membrane: a clinical study

The hypocholesterolemic effect and the modification of serum biomarkers of a dietary plant sterol (PS) intake, cholesterol precursors and cytokines after the consumption of milk-based fruit beverages with a milk fat globule membrane were evaluated by a randomized, double-blind, crossover, multiple dose bioavailability study. Postmenopausal women (n = 38) consumed daily 250 mL of a beverage with or without 2 g of PS added during 6 weeks in each of the study periods. With the intake of the PS-added beverage, significant decreases (mg dL-1) in serum total cholesterol (pre-treatment: 220.0 ± 27.8 vs. post-treatment: 212.9 ± 25.8; p < 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (129.4 ± 28.5 vs. 121.7 ± 24.4; p <…

A Mixture of Dietary Plant Sterols at Nutritional Relevant Serum Concentration Inhibits Extrinsic Pathway of Eryptosis Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract

Cell death program of red blood cells (RBCs), called eryptosis, is characterized by activation of caspases and scrambling of membrane phospholipids with externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS). Excessive eryptosis confers a procoagulant phenotype and is implicated in impairment of microcirculation and increased prothrombotic risk. It has recently been reported that cigarette smokers have high levels of circulating eryptotic erythrocytes, and a possible contribution of eryptosis to the vaso-occlusive complications associated to cigarette smoke has been postulated. In this study, we demonstrate how a mixture of plant sterols (MPtS) consisting of β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, …

7-Keto-Cholesterol and Cholestan-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-Triol Induce Eryptosis through Distinct Pathways Leading to NADPH Oxidase and Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation

Background/aims We showed that patho-physiological concentrations of either 7-keto-cholesterol (7-KC), or cholestane-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol (TRIOL) caused the eryptotic death of human red blood cells (RBC), strictly dependent on the early production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The goal of the current study was to assess the contribution of the erythrocyte ROS-generating enzymes, NADPH oxidase (RBC-NOX), nitric oxide synthase (RBC-NOS) and xanthine oxido-reductase (XOR) to the oxysterol-dependent eryptosis and pertinent activation pathways. Methods Phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) and nitri…

Improved bioaccessibility and antioxidant capacity of olive leaf ( Olea europaea L.) polyphenols through biosorption on Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Olive ( Olea europaea L.) leaves (OL) are natural by-products that can be used as an advantageous rich source of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols. This study investigated the potential use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a new carrier of OL antioxidants and a means to protect their bioactivity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The biosorption on S. cerevisiae allowed the recovery of 25.17 mg/g and 49.40% of the polyphenols from olive leaf (var. Chemlali ) infusions. Both infusions and suspensions before and after biosorption were analyzed for total soluble polyphenols and total antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and trolox equivalen…

Impact of Fruit Beverage Consumption on the Antioxidant Status in Healthy Women

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Epidemiologic studies suggest that antioxidant-rich foods might reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. &lt;i&gt;Aim:&lt;/i&gt; To test the health-protective potential of three fruit beverages, Fb (grape-orange-apricot), FbM (Fb with skimmed milk) and FbMFe [FbM + Fe(II)], in healthy women. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The influence of fruit beverage consumption (500 ml/day) upon serum antioxidant capacity determined by ORAC and TEAC methods and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was assessed in 32 healthy female volunteers. In the intervention study, each subject received the fruit beverages during three periods (3 weeks for Fb and …

Effect of plant sterol and galactooligosaccharides enriched beverages on oxidative stress and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract This study evaluates the impact of two plant sterol (PS) enriched fruit beverages (0.6 g /100 ml), without (MfB) or with GOS (MfB-G) (1.2 g/100 ml) on the resistance against oxidative stress induced by non-conventional (cholesterol oxidation products (COPs)) and conventional (H2O2) oxidant compounds, as well as their impact on C. elegans longevity. Nematodes fed with both beverages (0.005–0.25%, v/v) showed similar improved oxidative stress resistance against COPs and H2O2. This effect was dependent on daf-16 transcription factor, although GOS showed an additional beneficial effect independent to daf-16. In addition, both beverages extended nematode lifespan, independently of the p…

Evaluation of the Bioaccessibility of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds and Minerals of Four Genotypes of Brassicaceae Microgreens

Microgreens constitute an emerging class of fresh, healthy foods due to their nutritional composition. In this study the content of minerals and antioxidant bioactive compounds, and for the first time bioaccessibility, were evaluated in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck), green curly kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L.), red mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) hydroponic microgreens. Macro- (K, Ca, Mg) and oligo-elements (Fe, Zn), ascorbic acid, total soluble polyphenols, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, total isothiocyanates and total antioxidant capacity (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Ca…

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR SPECIFIC COMPONENTS | Micronutrients and Other Minor Meat Components

The chemical analysis of the many micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) and other components such as cholesterol and enzymes in meat and meat products are addressed in this article. The sample preparation and main methods for the determination of these components are reviewed and described as well as their respective major advantages and disadvantages.

Antiproliferative effect of plant sterols at colonic concentrations on Caco-2 cells

Abstract Plant sterols (PS) have been incorporated to foods due to their cholesterol-lowering effect. Because of their low intestinal absorption (0.5–2%), they can reach the colon and exert local actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of individual (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) and combined PS in colon cancer cells (Caco-2) at human colonic concentrations after simulated gastrointestinal digestion of a PS enriched milk-based fruit beverage. β-Sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol induced significant cell viability reduction (13–59% vs control), but only stigmasterol produced an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (92% vs control).…

Development of Functional Beverages: The Case of Plant Sterol-Enriched Milk-Based Fruit Beverages

Abstract Beverages are by far the most active functional food category, since they are excellent means for delivering nutrients and bioactive compounds such as plant sterols (PS). These phytochemicals are used as functional food ingredients due to their well-known cholesterol-lowering activity. The PS-enriched milk-based fruit beverages seem appropriate for complying with health recommendations (restrictions of saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and energy value), as good sources of other bioactive compounds (polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins), and as a good option for obtaining the recommended daily amount of PS in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia. This chapter focuses on …

Antiproliferative Effect of Bioaccessible Fractions of Four Brassicaceae Microgreens on Human Colon Cancer Cells Linked to Their Phytochemical Composition

The antiproliferative effect of the bioaccessible fractions (BFs) of four hydroponic Brassicaceae microgreens (broccoli, kale, mustard and radish) was evaluated on colon cancer Caco-2 cells vs. normal colon CCD18-Co cells after 24 h treatment with BFs diluted 1:10 v/v in cell culture medium. Their bioactivity was compared with the digestion blank, while the colon cancer chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil was used as a positive control. Cell viability (mitochondrial enzyme activity assay (MTT test) and Trypan blue test) and mechanisms related to antiproliferative activity (cell cycle, apoptosis/necrosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca2+ and g…

Effect of processing and food matrix on calcium and phosphorous bioavailability from milk-based fruit beverages in Caco-2 cells

9 páginas, 4 figuras, 4 tablas.-- et al.

Physiological concentrations of phytosterols enhance the apoptotic effects of 5-fluorouracil in colon cancer cells

Abstract Combining natural products as co-adjuvants in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy might enhance the effectiveness of 5-FU by avoiding a high dosage and/or reducing treatment times. We explored the anticancer efficacy of the phytosterols (PS) at concentrations achievable in the human colon, as well as their potential as sensitizing agents of human colon cancer cells (Caco-2 and HT-29) to 5-FU treatment. Cells proliferation, combination index, cell cycle, apoptosis, caspases activation, ROS production, and ΔΨm were determined. Co-treatment (PS+5-FU) had an antiproliferative additive effect, and moreover, in general a significantly improved efficacy was observed on cell cycle arrest at…

Influence of orange cultivar and mandarin postharvest storage on polyphenols, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity during gastrointestinal digestion.

Polyphenols, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity of two sweet oranges (Navel-N and Cara Cara-CC) and mandarin (Clementine-M) as well as their bioaccessibilities were evaluated in pulps and compared to those in fresh juice. Thus, pulps of oranges and mandarins displayed higher hesperidin (HES), narirutin (NAR), total flavonoids (TF), total phenols (TP) and antioxidant activity (AAC) than their corresponding juices. Also, CC products presented higher bioactive compounds content than N ones. Bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds and AAC were higher in pulps of both oranges and mandarin than in their corresponding juices. Oranges (N and CC) pulps and juices presented higher bioacce…

Effect of a Milk-Based Fruit Beverage Enriched with Plant Sterols and/or Galactooligosaccharides in a Murine Chronic Colitis Model

The potential anti-inflammatory effect of plant sterols (PS) enriched milk-based fruit beverages (PS, 1 g/100 mL) (MfB) with/without galactooligosaccharides (GOS, 2 g/100 mL) (MfB-G) in an experimental mice model of chronic ulcerative colitis was evaluated. Beverages were orally administered to mice every day by gavage to achieve PS and GOS doses of 35 and 90 mg/kg, respectively, and experimental colitis was induced by giving mice drinking water ad libitum containing 2% (w/v) dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for 7 days, alternating with periods without DSS up to the end of the study (56 days). MfB beverage showed significant reduction of symptoms associated to ulcerative colitis and improved t…

Bioaccessibility study of plant sterol-enriched fermented milks.

The bioaccessibility (BA) of total and individual plant sterols (PS) of four commercial PS-enriched fermented milk beverages (designated as A to D) was evaluated using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion including the formation of mixed micelles. The fat content of the samples ranged from 1.1 to 2.2% (w/w), and PS enrichment was between 1.5 and 2.9% (w/w). β-Sitosterol, contained in all samples, was higher in samples A and B (around 80% of total PS). The campesterol content was C (22%) > A (7%) > B (5%). Sitostanol was the most abundant in sample D (85%). Stigmasterol was only present in sample C (33%). The greatest BA percentage for total PS corresponded to samples A and B (16–17%), follow…

Anti-Inflammatory and Cytoprotective Effect of Plant Sterol and Galactooligosaccharides-Enriched Beverages in Caco-2 Cells

Plant sterol (PS) (1 g/100 mL) enriched milk-based fruit beverages with or without galactooligosaccharides (GOS) (1.8 g/100 mL) were used in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Their potential cytopreventive effect against oxidative stress induced by cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and their anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated. Preincubation (24 h) with bioaccessible fractions from beverages without and with GOS (MfB and MfB-G) completely prevented the COPs (60 μM/4 h) induced oxidative stress independent to GOS presence with exception to calcium influx and GSH content, where a partial protective effect was observed. Besides, MfB produced a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of IL-8 (4…

Phospholipids in Human Milk and Infant Formulas: Benefits and Needs for Correct Infant Nutrition.

The composition of human milk has served as a basis for the development of infant formulas, which are used when breastfeeding is not possible. Among the human milk nutrients, 50% of the total energetic value corresponds to fat, with a high level of fatty acids and 0.2-2.0% present in the form of phospholipids (PLs). The PL contents and fatty acid distribution in PL species have been investigated as bioactive elements for the production of infant formulas, since they offer potential benefits for the optimum growth and health of the newborn infant. The differences in the amount of PLs and in fatty acid distribution in PL species between human milk and infant formulas can imply biologically si…

Gene-diet interaction in plasma lipid response to plant sterols and stanols: A review of clinical trials

Abstract Plant sterols and stanols (PS) are well known for their cholesterol-lowering effect by reducing intestinal absorption of cholesterol. However, genetic factors modulate the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) response to PS therapy. This review examines clinical trials evaluating the impact of the main genes associated with response of plasma lipid concentrations to PS intake: APOE, CYP7A1, ABCG5/G8, NPC1L1, CETP, APOA4/A5, SCARBI, HMGCR, PPARα, LIPC, MTHFR and LPA. Evidence indicates that carriers of mutant allele of the CYP7A1 c. −204 A > C variant experience a greater plasma cholesterol reduction after PS intake, although there is discrepancy for the rest of genetic varia…

Increased eryptosis in smokers is associated with the antioxidant status and C-reactive protein levels

Abstract Cigarette smoking has been linked with oxidative stress and inflammation. In turn, eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death similar to apoptosis that can be triggered by oxidative stress, has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases including atherosclerosis. However, the link between smoking and eryptosis has not been explored so far. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of eryptotic erythrocytes in healthy male smokers (n = 21) compared to non-smokers (n = 21) and assess its relationship with systemic inflammation (CRP) as well as with antioxidant defense (GSH) and their resistance to ex-vivo induced hemolysis. Smoking caused an increase in phosphati…

Antiproliferative effects of bioaccessible fractions of honeys from Sicilian black honeybee (Apis mellifera ssp. sicula) on human colorectal carcinoma cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of bioaccessible fractions (BFs) obtained by the internationally standardized INFOGEST static digestion method to Sicilian honeys of three distinct floral origins (Sulla, Thistle and Dill) and the Manuka honey (gold standard), and to compare their effects based on total polyphenol content (TPC). Differentiated CaCo-2 cells (intestinal-like) and non-differentiated CaCo-2 and HCT-116 colonic tumour-like cells were incubated for 24 h with BFs of honeys to test viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS and cell cycle. TPC after digestion ranked in the following order: Dill &gt; Thistle &gt; Sulla &gt; M…

Caseinophosphopeptides exert partial and site-specific cytoprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells

Abstract Caseinophosphopeptides can sequester prooxidant metals and scavenge free radicals, and may thus be used as functional food ingredients. The total antioxidant capacity (TEAC and ORAC) of two pools of caseinophosphopeptides (1–3 mg/ml), obtained from casein subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (at two different pH values) and selective precipitation, was evaluated to determine dose–response activity. Pool B (which showed the highest antioxidant capacity due to the presence of more antioxidant amino acids) was used to test its cytoprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. Caseinophosphopeptides protected the cells against oxidative damage by…

Effect of caseinophosphopeptides added to fruit beverages upon ferritin synthesis in Caco-2 cells

Ferritin synthesis was evaluated in iron sulphate solutions and in fruit beverages supplemented with iron, with/without zinc in the presence of caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs), based on a system combining simulated gastrointestinal digestion and the Caco-2 cell model. In iron sulphate solutions with/without zinc, the addition of CPPs had no effect upon ferritin synthesis. When CPPs were added to the bioaccessible fraction of fruit beverages supplemented with iron, ferritin synthesis increased in the same proportion as with the addition of milk. The addition of zinc to fruit beverages supplemented with iron and to iron sulphate solutions decreased ferritin synthesis. Nevertheless, in fruit bev…

Nutriential Hazards: Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals

To achieve an appropriate and healthy dietary regime, it is necessary to have a balance diet with an adequate contribution of every nutrient. Micronutrients play a fundamental role for normal metabolic functioning of human body, so their deficiencies produce specific clinical manifestations as well as a wide range of non-specific physiological impairments. Under certain situations or physiological conditions (such as stress, smoking, pollution, drugs and alcohol consumption, pregnancy, lactation, etc.), nutrient requirements are even higher, being impossible to fulfill them with standard diets. In fact, over two-third of the world's population lack of one or more essential mineral elements …

Anti-proliferative effect of main dietary phytosterols and β-cryptoxanthin alone or combined in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells through cytosolic Ca+2 – and oxidative stress induced apoptosis

β-cryptoxanthin (β-Cx) and phytosterols (Ps) have potential against different cancer types, including colon cancer. However, their combined action has not been reported so far. Human colon cancer Caco-2 cells were treated 24 h with β-Cx and/or main dietary Ps (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol), alone or in combination, at concentrations compatible with physiological human serum levels. A decrease in cell viability due to apoptosis (rise in sub-G1 population and exposure of membrane phosphatidylserine) was accompanied with dephosphorylation of BAD, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase 3-dependent PARP cleavage, with intracellular Ca2+ influx and increase of RONS levels as initi…

Influence of Temperature, Solvent and pH on the Selective Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Tiger Nuts by-Products: Triple-TOF-LC-MS-MS Characterization

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature, solvent (hydroethanolic mixtures) and pH on the recovery of individual phenolic compounds from &ldquo

Glycosaminoglycans from Animal Tissue Foods and Gut Health

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a special group of carbohydrates with structures that clearly distinguishes them from glycoproteins, and exert biological effects beyond basic nutrition. The complex nature of cell-surface and GAG-related structures present in extracellular matrix has led to the neglect of this potential therapeutic site for a long time. Consideration about carbohydrates only as energy source has become reoriented because of their pivotal roles in many biological processes; however, scarce advances have been made on GAG characterization in foods. This review focuses on the potential consequences of dietary GAGs on human intestinal health, considering nutritional aspects and bio…

Simultaneous quantification of serum phytosterols and cholesterol precursors using a simple gas chromatographic method

Determination of the main phytosterols (Ps, β-sitosterol and campesterol) and cholesterol precursors (desmosterol and lathosterol) in human serum using a simple GC-FID method has been validated. Direct saponification, without lipid extraction, sterols extraction, and further derivatization was applied to samples prior to GC analysis. To evaluate the method, a pool of serum samples from eight healthy women was used. Good linearity (r>0.99) was found in the assay range: β-sitosterol (0.99–17.82 µg/mL), campesterol (0.14–10.8 µg/mL), desmosterol (0.17–2.6 µg/mL), and lathosterol (0.6–5.97 µg/mL). Limits of detection (ng/mL) were: 86 (β-sitosterol), 42 (campesterol), 4 (desmosterol), and 44 (la…

Effect of processing on the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds – A review focusing on carotenoids, minerals, ascorbic acid, tocopherols and polyphenols

Health benefits of bioactive compounds depend not only on the intake levels but also on their bioavailability (BAv). In vitro methods to simulate gastro-intestinal digestion allow to determine the bioaccessibility (BAcs) of these compounds, as a first step of BAv, and can be used to evaluate the effect of processing on them to design functional foods with increased health-promoting effects. The impact of traditional processing technologies such as thermal treatment and novel emerging non-thermal technologies such as high pressure processing, high-intensity pulsed electric fields and ultrasound on BAcs of bioactive compounds as carotenoids, minerals, ascorbic acid, tocopherols, polyphenols a…

Current methodologies for phytosterol analysis in foods

Abstract Plant sterols (PS) (phytosterols and phytostanols) are bioactive compounds of all vegetable foods where can be found as free sterol alcohols and as conjugates. These latter forms have been less studied, although they may have potential beneficial effects, whereas some PS have several approved health claims, especially in lowering blood cholesterol levels. In this context, it is necessary to establish analytical methods for food authentication, assessing PS health benefits and unfolding future applications. Several extraction methodologies have been employed for the extraction of PS from food matrixes (usually solvent extraction and saponification) although solid-phase extraction, s…

Evaluation of in vitro iron bioavailability in free form and as whey peptide-iron complexes

Abstract Finding alternatives for food fortification in a bioavailable form of iron is needed because iron deficiency leads to several diseases. Iron solubility and in vitro iron absorption were evaluated in free and complexed forms, as iron salts or peptide-iron complexes. Whey peptide-iron complexes were synthesized with various ligands (whey protein hydrolysate; its fractions >5 kDa and 85%), only complexes that were synthesized with low-molecular-mass peptides (

Impact of processing on mineral bioaccessibility/bioavailability

Abstract A review is made of the influence of processing on the bioaccessibility/bioavailability of macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg and K) and microminerals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Se). In vegetable foods, household processes (dehulling, soaking, germination and fermentation) alone or with thermal processing increase mineral bioaccessibility, mainly referred to Fe, Cu, Zn, Se and Ca. The application of thermal processing to vegetable foods has different effects upon mineral bioaccessibility, with an overall increase in Ca and Fe and a decrease in Se. In turn, there is a general positive impact upon mineral bioaccessibility in animal foods when conventional thermal processing is used with shorter times and…

In vitro bioavailability of iron and calcium in cereals and derivatives: A review

Cereals are a staple food in both developed and developing countries, and are considered to be the best vehicle for iron and calcium fortification, as an important strategy for combating dietary deficits. Inadequate dietary intake of iron and calcium is related to a number of disease conditions such as anemia, osteoporosis, hypertension, and different cancers. From a nutritional point of view, it is interesting to know not only the amount of minerals consumed, but also their bioavailability. The present study reviews the current knowledge on the in vitro bioavailability of iron and calcium in cereals, placing emphasis on the methodologies used and on the influence of dietary factors and foo…

Hypercholesterolemic patients have higher eryptosis and erythrocyte adhesion to human endothelium independently of statin therapy

BACKGROUND Phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization out of the membrane facilitates the eryptotic erythrocytes (EE) binding to endothelial cells (EC), potentially leading to atherosclerosis. Thus, the levels of eryptosis and interactions of EE-EC in hypercholesterolemic patients, either non-medicated or medicated, compared with healthy subjects were studied. METHODS A total of 56 subjects clustered into three groups: (control (n = 20), hypercholesterolemic non-treated (HCNT) (n = 15), and statin-treated (HCT) (n = 21)) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Biochemical parameters were determined with validated and standard methods. PS exposure was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell…

Extending in vitro digestion models to specific human populations: Perspectives, practical tools and bio-relevant information

29th International Conference of the European-Federation-of-Food-Science-and-Technology (EFFoST) -- NOV 10-12, 2015 -- Athens, GREECE

Iron Bioavailability in Fortified Fruit Beverages Using Ferritin Synthesis by Caco-2 Cells

The bioavailability of iron from fortified fruit beverages was estimated by an in vitro system including enzymatic digestion, iron uptake by Caco-2 cells, and ferritin formation determined via an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess iron bioavailability as influenced by the presence of known dietary promoter and inhibitory factors in fortified fruit beverages containing iron and/or zinc and/or skimmed milk. No negative effect (p > 0.05) derived from micronutrient interaction can be ascribed to zinc supplementation on iron availability. Besides, the presence of caseinophosphopeptides derived from casein hydrolysis during digestion may confer enhancing …

Bioaccessibility of tocopherols, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid from milk- and soy-based fruit beverages: Influence of food matrix and processing

A study was made of the effect of high-pressure processing (HPP) and thermal treatment (TT) on plant bioactive compounds (tocopherols, carotenoids, and ascorbic acid) in 12 fruit juice-milk beverages and of how the food matrix [whole milk (JW), skimmed milk (JS), and soy milk (JSy)] modulates their bioaccessibility (%). HPP (400 MPa/40 °C/5 min) produced a significant decrease in carotenoid and ascorbic acid bioaccessibility in all three beverages and maintained the bioaccessibility of tocopherols in JW and JS while decreasing it in JSy. TT (90 °C/30 s) produced a significant decrease in tocopherol and carotenoid bioaccessibility in all three beverages and increased the bioaccessibility of …

Plant Sterols and Antioxidant Parameters in Enriched Beverages: Storage Stability

Plant sterols (PS) stability, antioxidant parameters, and color were studied during 6 months of storage at 4, 24, and 37 °C in three PS-enriched functional beverages. Beverages were skimmed milk with fruit juice and PS (MFJPS), fruit juice and PS (FJPS), and skimmed milk with PS (MPS). No loss in total PS content occurred during storage observing the same values at any given storage time point. Total carotenoids decreased 36% with storage at two months and then remained stable. Total polyphenols showed fluctuations throughout the storage, remaining stable at 6 months and reaching initial values. The antioxidant capacity (TEAC method) increased 18% at 6 months, and there was an increase in c…

Carotenoid bioaccessibility in pulp and fresh juice from carotenoid-rich sweet oranges and mandarins.

Citrus fruits are a good source of carotenoids for the human diet; however, comparative studies of carotenoids in different citrus food matrices are scarce. In this work the concentration and bioaccessibility of carotenoids in sweet oranges and mandarins with marked differences in carotenoid composition were evaluated in pulp and compared to those in fresh juice. The pulp and juice of the red-fleshed Cara Cara sweet orange variety was highly rich in carotenes (mainly lycopene and phytoene) compared to standard Navel orange, while β-cryptoxanthin and phytoene predominated in mandarins. Total carotenoid content in the pulp of the ordinary Navel orange and in the red-fleshed Cara Cara orange, …

Safe intake of a plant sterol-enriched beverage with milk fat globule membrane: Bioaccessibility of sterol oxides during storage

Abstract Sterols in foods are susceptible to oxidation to form oxysterols. It is interesting for consumer health to know real intake and the possible associated adverse effects associated to oxysterols. This study measured oxysterol formation and bioaccessibility (BA) in a plant sterol (PS)-enriched milk-based fruit beverage with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) added at 0, 3 and 6 months of storage at room temperature. The same cholesterol (COPs) and phytosterol oxidation products (POPs) (exclusively from β-sitosterol) (7α/β-hydroxy, α/β-epoxy, triol and 7-keto) were detected in the beverage and its bioaccessible fraction. Total COPs and POPs contents were maintained during storage, and th…

Mind the gap—deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting the bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites—a position paper focusing on carotenoids and polyphenols

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-NoDerivs Licence.-- et al.

Sterol Digestion in Plant Sterol-Enriched Foods: Bioaccessibility and Fermentation

Plant sterol-enriched foods have proved to lower serum total and low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol concentration, so they have faced a great increase in the market over the past 20 years through accepted health claims. This chapter provides an overall and critical picture on the current knowledge and future perspectives regarding bioaccessibility and fermentation of sterols contained in plant sterol-enriched food products, particularly focused on the effect of food matrix composition, as well as different in vitro gastrointestinal digestion methodologies, and the role of microbiota in the sterol degradation. The final objective of this chapter is to evince the different aspects of the di…

Bovine plasma hydrolysates' iron chelating capacity and its potentiating effect on ferritin synthesis in Caco-2 cells.

The low bioavailability of iron is one factor that contributes to its deficiency in the human diet. For this reason, it is necessary to find compounds that can form iron chelates so that these can be added to foods that contain iron to improve its bioavailability at the intracellular level. In this study, we assessed the relationship between bovine plasma hydrolysates' iron chelating ability and their degree of hydrolysis. The hydrolysate with the highest chelating capacity was fractionated and each fraction's chelating capacity was subsequently assessed. Each fraction's effect on ferritin synthesis in Caco-2 cells was also determined. The results showed that bovine plasma hydrolysates with…

Protective effect of bioaccessible fractions of citrus fruit pulps against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells

Fruit pulps from Navel (N) and Cara Cara (CC) oranges, and Clementine mandarin freshly harvested (M) and refrigerated stored (M12) were used to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of their bioaccessible fractions (BF) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. BF of samples preserved viability vs. H2O2 treated cells, reaching values similar to controls. Lipid peroxidation was reduced to levels of control cells, but M did not reach control values. ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential changes (Δψm) values were reduced compared with H2O2 treated cells, but without achieving control levels. A significant reduction in cell proportions in G1 phase and a significant increase in sub-…

In-vitro antioxidant capacity and cytoprotective/cytotoxic effects upon Caco-2 cells of red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) viscera hydrolysates.

Abstract The antioxidant capacity of red tilapia viscera hydrolysates (RTVH) with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) as well as their ultrafiltration membrane fractions, were analyzed using different chemical assays. Their protective effects against oxidative stress were evaluated using H2O2-stressed human intestinal differentiated Caco-2. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained with a DH of 42.5% (RTVH-A) and its

Availability of polyphenols in fruit beverages subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and their effects on proliferation, cell-cycle and apoptosis in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells

Abstract Three fruit beverages: Fb (grape–orange–apricot), FbFe (Fb + iron sulphate) and FbFeM (FbFe + skimmed milk) were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Addition of Fe and milk decreased the phenolic content of Fb by 13% and 55%, respectively. The digestion process decreased the phenolic content by 47%, 60%, and 70% in Fb, FbFe and FbFeM with respect to the initial, non-digested, Fb. Caco-2 cells were incubated for 4 h daily for four days or continuously for 24 h with bioaccessible fractions obtained after the digestion (digests). Polyphenols were not metabolised by Caco-2 cells. Fb digest (∼50 μM total phenolics) was the sample that led to the highest inhibition of cell …

Dietary phytochemicals in the protection against oxysterol-induced damage.

The intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced incidence of many chronic diseases. These foods contain phytochemicals that often possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity and show anti-inflammatory action, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-aging, and protective action for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, obesity and neurodegenerative disorders. Many factors can be included in the etiopathogenesis of all of these multifactorial diseases that involve oxidative stress, inflammation and/or cell death processes, oxysterols, i.e. cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) as well as phytosterol oxidat…

Anti-Eryptotic Activity of Food-Derived Phytochemicals and Natural Compounds

Human red blood cells (RBCs), senescent or damaged due to particular stress, can be removed by programmed suicidal death, a process called eryptosis. There are various molecular mechanisms underlying eryptosis. The most frequent is the increase in the cytoplasmic concentration of Ca2+ ions, later exposure of erythrocytes to oxidative stress, hyperosmotic shock, ceramide formation, stimulation of caspases, and energy depletion. Phosphatidylserine (PS) exposed by eryptotic RBCs due to interaction with endothelial CXC-Motiv-Chemokin-16/Scavenger-receptor, causes the RBCs to adhere to vascular wall with consequent damage to the microcirculation. Eryptosis can be triggered by various xenobiotics…

Overview of the role of food bioactive compounds as complementary therapy for celiac disease

Bioavailability of plant sterol-enriched milk-based fruit beverages: In vivo and in vitro studies

Abstract This study for the first time compares the in vivo (response in serum from individuals of an interventional study) and in vitro effects (bioaccessibility determined from simulated gastrointestinal digestion) of two plant sterol (PS)-enriched milk-based fruit beverages (with and without tangerine fruit juice rich in β-cryptoxanthin (β-Cx)) in order to assess their suitability as PS-enriched food matrixes, and the possible interactions between the two bioactive compounds (β-Cx and PS) that might affect their absorption. The randomized, double-blind, crossover study (performed in 36 postmenopausal women) showed the β-sitosterol and campesterol serum concentrations after four weeks of …

Fruit and Vegetable Derived Waste as a Sustainable Alternative Source of Nutraceutical Compounds

Dietary phytochemicals are widely investigated in the eld of chemistry, biology, nutrition, and medicine for their potential health-promoting e‚ects. Indeed, many in vitro and in vivo studies provide evidence that a number of these compounds are involved in the prevention and/or control of chronic disorders such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. e exponential growth of plant waste production from the agrofood industry is a critical global issue, considering its storage, disposal, environmental impact, and potential health risks. However, the exploitation of plant wastes/by-products for the recovery of added-value compounds o‚ers new avenue for industrial growth and waste management. I…

Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity, furan compounds and cytoprotective/cytotoxic effects upon Caco-2 cells of commercial Colombian coffee.

Abstract Antioxidant capacity (AC), total phenolics (TPs), furan compounds (HMF and furfural F) and cytoprotective/cytotoxic effects upon Caco-2 cells (MTT, cell cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) were evaluated in Colombian coffee (2 ground and 4 soluble samples). The AC (ABTS and FRAP), TPs and HMF ranged between 124–722, 95–802 μmoles Trolox/g, 21–100 mg gallic acid/g and 69–2900 mg/kg, respectively. Pretreatment of cells for 24 h with lyophilized coffee infusions at the highest dose without cytotoxic effects (500 μg/mL) significantly prevented the decrease in cell viability compared to control stress with H2O2 (5 mM/2 h), recovering viability to values between 34% and 45% and rest…

Kinetics of ascorbic acid degradation in fruit-based infant foods during storage

The kinetics of ascorbic acid (AA) degradation in a fruit-based beikost product added with AA were determined after storage at 4, 25, 37 and 50 °C during 4, 8, 12, 16 and 32 weeks in plastic polypropylene/ethylenevinyl alcohol vacuum packaging. It was confirmed that AA degradation followed an Arrhenius first-order kinetics, with an activation energy of 20.11 ± 0.33 kcal mol−1. No AA losses at 4 °C were recorded during the entire storage period. In contrast, a time - and temperature - dependent decrease (p the degradation rate decreasing from 50 °C to 25 °C, as expected. AA percentage retention at the end of storage ranged between 6.4% (50 °C/16 weeks) and 100.9% (4 °C/32 weeks).