Productividad, eficiencia y cambio técnico en los bancos y cajas de ahorro españolas

1995

Des tentatives de prédiction aux écueils de la prévention en matière d'échec en première année d'université

1995

International audience

El maestro Antoni Tristany y la supuesta primera escuela de Joan Lluís Vives

1995

The mathematics-physics analogy

1995

The basic goal of this chapter is to delve deeply into Godel’s second great strategy in the philosophy of mathematics: the analogy between deductive and empirical sciences. Moreover, I shall try to explore the holistic, and even conventionalist implications of the analogy, such as it appears in some contemporary philosophers of mathematics who have defended the analogy to some extent. To do this, it has been necessary to present an overview of the most important precedents in the use of the analogy, such as Russell, Hilbert, Carnap, Tarski, Quine. After that, I shall present Godel’s views on the analogy, in both his published and unpublished writings. Surprisingly, most of these authors mai…

Maaseutuyrittäjyys puheina ja käytäntöinä : onko verkostoyrittäjyydessä vastaus maaseudun rakenneongelmiin?

1995

ln recent years Finnish societal discussion has been dominated by a talk about structural change in economy and breaking down the structures of the welfare state. Thus, flexible production and the so called industrial networking have been forwarded as central ideals in the organisation of production. As a part of these themes, entrepreneurs have again become popular figures. ln societal and political parlance entrepreneurship has been brought forward as a solution for the problems confronting Finnish economy. Now, in this kind of parlance, entrepreneurship is more and more referred to from two aspects: ln one place as being an activity of the entrepreneur, and, in a wider sense, as an econo…

Observation of short-range 3-particle correlations in e(+)e(-) annihilations at lep energies

1995

\def\tpc{three-particle correlation} \def\twopc{two-particle correlation} Measurements are presented of short range three-particle correlations in e^+ e^- annihilations at LEP using data collected by the DELPHI detector. %The jet structure is studied using three-particle correlation functions. At small values of the four-momentum difference, strong three-particle correlations are observed for like-sign (+++ and ---) and for unlike-sign (++- and +--) pion combinations which are not a consequence of two-particle correlations. A possible explanation of the observed effects in like-sign combinations is the existence of higher order Bose-Einstein interference, which significantly changes the par…

Dictionnaire Bilingue, Syntaxe et Sémantique

1995

We have first shown that the conventional and theoretical lexicography has always had a semantic basis which does not permit homogeneous analysis of the items which constitute the entries. We present in this paper a model of bilingual dictionary whose fundamental principles are syntactical. This dictionary is an application of the methods of the Lexique-grammaire des langues romanes adapted to contrastive viewpoint. This contrastive aim implicates that we have to make specific analytic distinctions which we comment here. On the one hand, from a theoretical standpoint, this dictionary may help to establish suitable basis of systematic contrastive (French/Spanish) linguistics, and on the othe…

Human serum and erythrocytes protect white blood cells against DNA damage by ethylene oxide

1995

Tin(IV), Monomethyltin(IV), and Dimethyltin(IV) Complexes with thiol sulfur and heterocyclic nitrogen donors: Molecular dynamics and structure by119S…

1995

The molecular dynamics of the complexes Sn(SPyN)4 (1), SnCl2(SPyN)2 (2), MeSn(SPy)3 (3), MeSnCl(SPyN)2 (4), Me2Sn(TCy)2 (5), Me2SnCl(TOx) (6), and Me2Sn(TUr) (7) [HSPy = 2-mercaptopyridine; HSPyN = 2-mercaptopyrimidine; HTCy = 2-thiocytosine; HTOx = 8-thioquinoline; H2TUr = 2-thiouracil] has been investigated by variable temperature 119Sn Mossbauer spectroscopy. The area under the resonant peaks has been determined as function of temperature, from which Debye temperatures and cut-off frequencies, as well as recoil-free fractions (Lamb Mossbauer factor) and mean square displacements of 119Sn, have been calculated. By fingerprint procedures on the basis of literature data, monomeric structure…

Subzonal insemination, partial zona dissection or intracytoplasmic sperm injection? An easy decision?

1995

This review aims to analyse and compare the results to date of subzonal insemination (SUZI), partial zona dissection (PZD) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to evaluate critically whether it is now possible to replace SUZI and PZD by ICSI. It appears that ICSI is a much more efficient assisted reproduction technique than SUZI and PZD for resolving cases of severe male infertility and/or repeated failure of conventional in-vitro fertilization (IVF). For ICSI compared with SUZI and PZD, fertilization (49.4, 17.7 and 16.8% respectively), percentage of patients reaching embryo transfer (91.0, 55.1 and 23.3% respectively), percentage of transfers performed with two or three embryos (83…

Resist Coating of Cylindrical Samples for 3‐D Lithography

1995

A quantitative investigation of a dipping technique for depositing a thin layer of resist on circularly symmetrical objects is presented. The results obtained are valuable for preparing three-dimensional (3-D) surfaces suited for spatial microlithographic processes in the 1 to 10 μm linewidth range. © 1995, MCB UP Limited

Éducation primaire et croissance économique en Afrique subsaharienne : les conditions d'une relation efficace

1995

This article is looking at the causes of the low effectiveness of educational investment in Subsaharan Africa, both at the micro level (effect on labour productivity), and at the macro level (effect on the rate of economic growth). Several recent empirical studies have shown that education impact is systematically weaker in this region than in the rest of the world, and even sometimes negative, as in the case of agricultural productivity. Two series of causes may explain this lack of impact : first, inappropriate economic policies at the macro level which hamper the role of education, either through negative incentives structures, or because of the absence of provision of associated factors…

La producción científica española en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología: su presencia en una base de datos internacional

1995

Una manera de evaluar la calidad de la investigación desarrollada en un país es estudiar su presencia en una base de datos bibliográfica internacional. Se han analizado el número y el factor de impacto de los trabajos producidos por España en Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología que han sido recogidos por Science Citation Index durante los años 1986 a 1989. De un total de 12706 documentos que se habían originado en nuestro país, sólo 41 (0,3%) pertenecían al área temática referida, siendo 34 artículos y siete comunicaciones a congresos. El factor de impacto medio ha sido de 1,2 y el número medio de autores, 4. Nuestro país se encuadra dentro de los países con baja actividad y baja atracción e…

A Note on Qualitative Input-Output Analysis

1995

International audience; The paper discusses qualitative input—output methods. It is shown that information is lost. Because the binaiy relationship constructed by qualitative methods is not transitive, the model lacks economic consistency. Qualitative methods are tending to become more sophisticated, but some problems of economic interpretation are raised.

La crítica de la arquitectura y de la ingenieria entre 1876 y 1890. M. Carderera, J. A. Rebolledo, E. M.ª Repulles, E. Saavedra y "los anales de la c…

1995

Authority and Coordination

1995

There are many possible starting points for attempts to link authority with the coordination of human interactions: the most famous forerunner here is of course David Hume with his theory of justice. I will, however, start from a more recent classic. Herbert A. Simon’s Administrative Behaviour (1945, 2nd ed. 1957) includes an important theory for the role of authority. It is an obvious sign of the lack of communication between different branches and traditions in social theory that many jurists and political theorists emphasizing the coordinative functions of authority have paid no attention to Simon’s classical book.

Ehmay ghee chah - A universal second language. By E. J. Hankes. Minneapoli, Minn: The Hankes Foundation, 1992, Pp. 160 plus pocket charts

1995

Connaissance des molécules intervenant dans la flaveur des aliments

1995

National audience

Gastrin-cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the milkweed bug, Spilostethus pandurus. Ultrastructural aspects of th…

1995

Summary All the ganglia belonging to the central nervous system of adults of the milkweed bug Spilostethus pandurus (Hemiptera) were screened immunohistochemically for vertebrate gastrin-cholecystokinin (CCK-8(s))-like peptides. Several large reactive perikarya are present in the median part of the protocerebrum, their processes extending to the dorsal ‘aorta’. These cell bodies are also paraldehyde fuchsin-positive, ie they are A-type cells. In the lateral part of the protocerebrum, in the deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum, and in the suboesophageal, prothoracic and abdominal ganglia, a few immunoreactive cell bodies send axonal processes into their respective neuropiles. The A-type cells re…

Effects of the cluster surface on the electronic shell structure: faceting, roughness and softness

1995

Several simple models have been used to study the effects of the surface on the electronic shell structure in metal clusters. The main results are as follows: The icosahedral clusters have the same electronic shell structure as the sphere up to about 1000 atoms. The surface roughness causes the distribution of the level spacings to be a Wigner distribution. By varying the softness of the potential we can obtain potentials where the simplest classical orbits are the ‘five-point star’ or even ‘the three-point star’.

First synthesis of chiral 3-vinylindoles as 4π-components for diels-alder reactions

1995

The first syntheses of chiral 3- and 2-vinylindoles bearing sulfoxide or (-)-menthyloxy functional groups at the β-vinyl positions by way of procedures based on the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons and Wittig reactions, respectively, are described. Some Diels-Alder reactions demonstrating the 4π-reactivity of these compounds are reported.

Polarized IR Spectra of p-Nitroaniline-Loaded AlPO4-5 Single Crystals

1995

Pratiques d'éducation physique et sportive au CP et différences de performance entre filles et garçons

1995

This article examines some non biological factors which can determine the difference in athletic performances between girls and boys. A study was conducted, in a school setting, of teachers and pupils in « cours préparatoire » (seven years old). The studies look at the variations in student's performances on physical tests in relation to the type of physical Education provided at school. The results show that the best pupils at the beginning of the year progress more than the weakest (the difference increases). The time spent on P.E., but above all the regularity of P.E. have positive effects on pupils's results. Some conditions are unfavorable to girls (differences between girls and boys i…

Direct determination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and iron in infant formulas by atomic spectroscopy. Comparison with dry and wet digesti…

1995

An optimization and comparison of three atomic absorption spectroscopic methods for measuring Ca, Mg, Na, K and Fe contents of infant formulas are carried out. The first method is a direct measure of a sample dispersion in water. The second method involves a previous wet digestion (HNO3 + H2O2) in a microwave oven. And finally a dry mineralization at 450 °C is assayed. In order to measure Ca and Mg lanthanum at 0.4% concentration and in the case of Na and K cesium at 0.1% were added. The analytical parameters of the three methods assayed were determined. Results obtained show that the three studied methods are accurace and reliable and no significant difference among them at a probability l…

Percepción

1995

Este capítulo del volumen dedicado al conocimiento de la Enciclopedia Iberoamericana de Filosofía, expone y evalúa críticamente las principales posiciones acerca del problema de la percepción desde el punto de vista de la filosofía de la mente.

Investigation of structure, stability, phase composition and magnetic ordering in ultrathin iron/nickel films

1995

By thermal and chemical treatment of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films, oxidic and metallic Fe and Ni layers can be prepared. The films are characterised, where differences e.g. in the lateral homogeneity are found. The metallic Fe containing samples show a higher corrosion stability as compared with films prepared by other coating techniques. Mixed Fe/Ni oxidic and metallic layers, respectively, are prepared, where the Ni concentration in the oxidic films can be determined as a function of the ratio of initially transferred numbers of LB layers. The phase composition of the metallic Fe changes systematically with the Ni concentration.

Lifetime of Charged and Neutral B-hadrons Using Event Topology

1995

The lifetimes of charged and neutral B hadrons have been measured using data collected by the DELPHI experiment at LEP between 1991 and 1993. B hadrons are tagged as jets with a secondary vertex and the charge of the B candidate is taken to be the sum of the charges of the particles in the secondary vertex. Approximately 1,434,000 multihadronic \PZz decays yielded 1817 B hadron candidates. The B purity was estimated to be around 99.1\pm0.3\%, and 83\% (70\%) of the events measured as neutral (charged) came from neutral (charged) B's. The mean lifetimes of charged and neutral B hadrons were found to be \TAUBC\pm\ERRBC\;(stat.)\pm\SYSBC\;(syst.)~ps and \TAUBN\pm\ERRBN\;(stat.)\pm\SYSBN\;(syst…

I culti di Adrano e di Efesto. Politica, religione e acculturazione in Sicilia tra V e IV secolo

1995

Incrociando i dati sui due culti di Adrano (siculo) e di Efesto (greco) è possibile decodificare l’uso dei culti nel gioco politico della Sicilia greca tra V e IV secolo a.C. Le straordinarie somiglianze tra i caratteri cultuali dei due santuari mostrano sia l’interesse greco verso il mondo indigeno per il controllo del territorio, sia la ricettività del mondo locale verso la cultura greca. In parallelo si segue la stratificazione storiografica che al tempo stesso rivela e nasconde le reali dinamiche storiche.

An Integrated Method for Image Retrieval

1995

This paper presents an information fusion method for image retrieval; the retrieval strategy is based on statistical and geometrical features extracted from sub-images. Our goal is to find a set of best similar images related to a prototype image; this goal may be obtained according to image content rather than symbolic attributes. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) images and astronomical images have been adopted to test the method. Main steps of the procedure to retrieve images are: (l) Segmentation, (2) Matching, and (3) Decision. The first step involves four clusters co-operating segmentation algorithms; in the matching step, a sets of candidate similar images is provided; finally an info…

Le financement des services de santé dans les pays en développement face au dilemne efficacité-équité

1995

International audience

Dopamine antagonists impair ‘red-green’ discrimination in goldfish after intravitreal injection

1995

Color vision in goldfish is tetrachromatic. However, under mesopic illumination conditions the L-cones do not contribute to wavelength discrimination, and color vision becomes trichromatic. To investigate the role of dopamine in light adaptation, we tested the effect of the unspecific dopamine antagonist haloperidol and of the specific dopamine Dl receptor antagonists SCH 23390 and SKF 83566-biotinyl in behavioral wavelength discrimination experiments. After injection of dopamine antagonists into the vitreous, a reduction in wavelength discrimination was observed in the range between 560 nm and 630 nm but not in the range between 404 nm and 501 nm.

Rapid radiation of North American desert genera of the Papaveraceae: Evidence from restriction site mapping of PCR-amplified chloroplast DNA fragments

1995

Phylogenetic relationships of a group of North American desert genera of the Papaveraceae subfam. Papaveroideae and Platystemonoideae were investigated with an RFLP analysis of three PCR-amplified chloroplast genome regions. In agreement with earlier results it was found that subfam. Platystemonoideae is nested within subfam. Papaveroideae. The group under study is characterized by a large number of generic autapomorphies but only few informative synapomorphies. This is interpreted as strong evidence for a rapid radiation event caused by major climatic changes in the past. Poor phylogenetic resolution seems to reflect biological reality and not to be an experimental artifact. There is also …

Introduction: New Conceptual Aspects of Negative Symptoms

1995

"Glossaire ; Bibliographie"

1995

National audience

Characterization and Application of a New Diprotected Cyclam : a Novel Two-Step Synthesis of Linked Tetraazamacrocycles

1995

International audience

Brownian dynamics simulation of grafted polymer brushes

1995

We present results of computer simulations by the method of Brownian dynamics of polymeric brushes attached to impenetrable planes. For testing both model and method we have used one polymer brush attached to a repulsive plane and compare some results with Monte Carlo results of Lai and Binder on the bond fluctuation model. We have also studied two polymeric brushes attached to two parallel planes at different distances between planes, and investigate the interplay between the interpenetration of the brushes and the configurational properties of the grafted chains.