Association between the APOA2 promoter polymorphism and body weight in Mediterranean and Asian populations: replication of a gene–saturated fat interaction

Objective: The APOA2 gene has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in animal and human studies with controversial results. We have reported an APOA2–saturated fat interaction determining body mass index (BMI) and obesity in American populations. This work aims to extend our findings to European and Asian populations. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 4602 subjects from two independent populations: a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population (n=907 men and women; aged 67±6 years) and a multiethnic Asian population (n=2506 Chinese, n=605 Malays and n=494 Asian Indians; aged 39±12 years) participating in a Singapore National Health Survey. Anthropometric, clinical, …

Mediterranean Diet Reduces the Adverse Effect of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 Polymorphism on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Stroke Incidence

OBJECTIVE Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, but controversially with plasma lipids and cardiovascular disease. Interactions of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on these associations are unknown. We investigated whether the TCF7L2-rs7903146 (C>T) polymorphism associations with type 2 diabetes, glucose, lipids, and cardiovascular disease incidence were modulated by MedDiet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A randomized trial (two MedDiet intervention groups and a control group) with 7,018 participants in the PREvención con DIetaMEDiterránea study was undertaken and major cardiovascular events assessed. Data were analyzed at b…

Predictors of short- and long-term adherence with a Mediterranean-type diet intervention: the PREDIMED randomized trial.

Background: Dietary intervention success requires strong participant adherence, but very few studies have examined factors related to both short-term and long-term adherence. A better understanding of predictors of adherence is necessary to improve the design and execution of dietary intervention trials. This study was designed to identify participant characteristics at baseline and study features that predict short-term and long-term adherence with interventions promoting the Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) in the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea (PREDIMED) randomized trial. Methods: Analyses included men and women living in Spain aged 55-80 at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Part…

Health-related quality of life in individuals with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction and objectives Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of various cardiovascular risk factors with a major impact on morbidity and premature mortality. However, the impact of MetS on self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is unknown. This study evaluated the HRQoL in a Spanish adult population aged 55 years and older with MetS. Method A cross-sectional analysis was performed with baseline data from the PREDIMED-Plus multicentre randomized trial. The participants were 6430 men and women aged 55–75 years with overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥27 and ≤40 kg/m2) and MetS. The SF-36 questionnaire was used as a tool to measure HRQoL. Scores were calculate…

Mediterranean Diet Maintained Platelet Count within a Healthy Range and Decreased Thrombocytopenia-Related Mortality Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial

There is little information on the dietary modulation of thrombosis-related risk factors such as platelet count. We aimed to assess the effects of Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on platelet count and related outcomes in an older population at high cardiovascular risk. In participants of the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) study, we assessed whether an intervention with a MedDiet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts, relative to a low-fat control diet, modulated platelet count (n = 4189), the risk of developing thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia (n = 3086), and the association between these alterations and all-cause mortality (median follow-up time: 3.0 years). Although p…

Síndrome de Marfan

Asociaciones de la concentración de adiponectina sérica con parámetros antropométricos, bioquímicos y presión arterial en población de alto riesgo cardiovascular

Introduccion La adiponectinemia se ha asociado inversamente con obesidad abdominal, un perfil lipidico mas favorable y menor resistencia a la insulina. Sin embargo, recientes estudios en poblacion de alto riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente con funcion renal alterada, muestran que concentraciones elevadas son un indicador desfavorable. Nuestro objetivo ha sido estudiar la asociacion entre adiponectinemia y parametros antropometricos, bioquimicos y presion arterial (PA) en pacientes de alto riesgo cardiovascular. Pacientes y metodos Se estudio a 185 pacientes (133 mujeres y 52 varones), participantes del estudio PREDIMED (edad media de 65,5 ± 4,3 anos). Se obtuvieron datos clinicos, antropo…

Single tube optimisation of APOE genotyping based on melting curve analysis

Objectives: To develop and validate a single-tube protocol for APOE genotyping using fluorescent probes. Design and methods: We have designed and validated a hybrid, single-tube, SimpleProbe/FRET probe protocol that takes advantage of the different probe wavelength emissions. Results: Our method offers high quality outcomes, minimum interferences between probe signals and is 100% concordant with the reference protocol. Conclusions: This method is cheaper, faster and more reliable and versatile than other alternatives proposed. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dairy product consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in an older mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.

Prospective studies have reported an inverse association between the consumption of total dairy products and milk and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, there is little and inconsistent evidence regarding subtypes of dairy product and CRC risk. We assessed the associations between the consumption of total dairy products, their different subtypes and CRC risk in older Mediterranean individuals at high cardiovascular risk. We analyzed data from 7,216 men and women (55-80 years) without CRC at baseline from the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea study. Individuals were recruited between 2003 and 2009 and followed up until December 2012. At baseline and yearly thereafter, consumpt…

Sex-Specific Differences in the Control of Serum Concentrations of Glycine in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome and Mendelian Randomization Analysis for Obesity

OBJECTIVES: Glycine is a novel circulating marker for metabolic diseases associated with lower type-2 diabetes and protection against obesity in some studies. Circulating glycine levels are genetically determined under the control of several loci. The locus most strongly associated is the carbamoyl-phosphate synthase I (CPS1). Interestingly, some sex-specific genome-wide association studies (GWAS) showed differences in the effect of the main single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this locus on glycine levels (significant sex * CPS1 interactions). However, the potential mechanisms explaining this sex-heterogeneity are unknown. Therefore, our aims were: 1) to analyze whether the sex * CPS1…

The 1258 GA polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y gene is associated with greater alcohol consumption in a Mediterranean population.

Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central nervous system. Several studies have demonstrated that increases of NPY are associated with reduced alcohol intake and anxiety manifestations. The Leu7Pro polymorphism in the NPY has been associated with alcohol consumption, but evidence is scarce. In the Spanish Mediterranean population, this variant is not polymorphic. Thus, our aim is to identify novel functional variants in the NPY and to investigate the impact of these markers and others previously described on alcohol consumption in this population. A total of 911 subjects (321 men and 590 women) from the Spanish Mediterranean population were recruit…

Impacto de Life's Simple 7 en la incidencia de eventos cardiovasculares mayores en adultos españoles con alto riesgo de la cohorte del estudio PREDIMED

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La estrategia Life's Simple 7 de la American Heart Association propuso 7 metricas de salud cardiovascular ideal: indice de masa corporal (IMC)  Metodos La metrica de dieta saludable se definio como alcanzar al menos 9 puntos en una escala validada de 14 puntos de adhesion a dieta mediterranea. Se definio evento cardiovascular mayor incidente como infarto de miocardio, ictus o muerte de causa cardiovascular. Se uso regresion de Cox para estimar hazard ratios (HR) ajustadas multivariables con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) para categorias sucesivas de metricas de salud cardiovascular. Resultados Tras seguir a 7.447 participantes durante una mediana de…

Inverse association between habitual polyphenol intake and incidence of cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED study

Background and aims: Epidemiologic and biological evidence supports an inverse association between polyphenol consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no previous studies have prospectively evaluated the relationship between polyphenol intake and the incidence of CVD in such a comprehensive way. The aim was to evaluate the association between intakes of total polyphenol and polyphenol subgroups, and the risk of major cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke or death from cardiovascular causes) in the PREDIMED study. Methods and results: The present work is an observational study within the PREDIMED trial. Over an average of 4.3 years of follow-up, there…

Congenital heart defects in the East of Spain

Genetic variation at the perilipin (PLIN) locus is associated with obesity-related phenotypes in White women

Perilipin coats intracellular lipid droplets and modulates adipocyte lipolysis. We have evaluated the association between several polymorphisms at the perilipin (PLIN) locus (PLIN1 : 6209T > C, PLIN4 : 11482G > A, PLIN5 : 13041A > G, and PLIN6 : 14995A > T) with obesity-related phenotypes in 1589 White subjects randomly selected from a general Spanish population. In women (n = 801), the less common alleles of PLIN1 and PLIN4, in strong linkage disequilibrium (D' : 0.96), were significantly associated with lower body mass index. Carriers of the allele 2 (6209C) at the PLIN1 locus weighed significantly less (-2.2 kg; p = 0.007) than women homozygotes for the wild-type genotype. The same was t…

Effect of an Intensive Weight-Loss Lifestyle Intervention on Kidney Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Introduction: Large randomized trials testing the effect of a multifactorial weight-loss lifestyle intervention including Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on renal function are lacking. Here, we evaluated the 1-year efficacy of an intensive weight-loss intervention with an energy-reduced MedDiet (erMedDiet) plus increased physical activity (PA) on renal function. Methods: Randomized controlled "PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus"(PREDIMED-Plus) trial is conducted in 23 Spanish centers comprising 208 primary care clinics. Overweight/obese (n = 6,719) adults aged 55-75 years with metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intensive weight-loss lifestyle intervention with an erMedDi…

Associations of the FTO rs9939609 and the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes are modulated by diet, being higher when adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern is low

Background: Although the Fat Mass and Obesity (FTO) and Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) genes have been consistently associated with obesity risk, the association between the obesity-risk alleles with type 2 diabetes is still controversial. In some recent meta-analyses in which significant results have been reported, the associations disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI). However gene-diet interactions with dietary patterns have not been investigated. Our main aim was to analyze whether these associations are modulated by the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). Methods: Case-control study in 7,052 high cardiovascular risk subjects (3,430 type 2 diabetes c…

Validating a Rapid Method for Detecting Common Polymorphisms in the APOA5 Gene by Melting Curve Analysis Using LightTyper

The recently identified apolipoprotein A-V gene (APOA5) has been shown to play an important role in hypertriglyceridemia (1). Genetic variation in APOA5 has been consistently associated with plasma triglyceride concentrations in several studies (2)(3)(4). Moreover, some studies have demonstrated additional associations with lipoprotein subclasses, remnant-like particles, and cardiovascular disease risk (4)(5)(6). Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human APOA5 gene have been detected with differing frequencies depending on the population analyzed (7)(8), and Klos et al.(7) have also suggested context-dependent associations in different populations. Overall, 5 common SNPs, …

Mercury exposure and risk of cardiovascular disease: a nested case-control study in the PREDIMED (PREvention with MEDiterranean Diet) study

Background: Substantial evidence suggests that consuming 1-2 servings of fish per week, particularly oily fish (e.g., salmon, herring, sardines) is beneficial for cardiovascular health due to its high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid content. However, there is some concern that the mercury content in fish may increase cardiovascular disease risk, but this relationship remains unclear. Methods: The PREDIMED trial included 7477 participants who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease at baseline. In this study, we evaluated associations between mercury exposure, fish consumption and cardiovascular disease. We randomly selected 147 of the 288 cases diagnosed with cardiovascular disease duri…

Short-Term Effects on Gene-Expression and on DNA-Methylation at the Genome-Wide Level of the Iberian Ham Intake and Compared With Orange Intake: A Crossover Randomized Trial

OBJECTIVES: Diet regulates gene expression and methylation profiles by several mechanisms. However, studies analyzing the simultaneous effect of specific foods on gene-expression and DNA methylation at the genome-wide level are very scarce. Therefore our aims were: To study the short-term transcriptomics and epigenomcis effects at the genome-wide level of the Iberian ham intake compared with orange intake in the same subjects. METHODS: We carried out a cross-over randomized trial (registered at ISRCTN17906849) in 33 healhty volunteers (aged 18–50 years and 50% females) of European ancestry. After 12h fasting, participants were randomly allocated to eat 67.5 g of Iberian ham (100% pure iberi…

PPAR-alpha L162V and PGC-1 G482S gene polymorphisms, but not PPAR-gamma P12A, are associated with alcohol consumption in a Spanish Mediterranean population.

Abstract Background Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) and its co-activators are regulatory elements of the cellular lipid homeostasis and have been associated with feeding behavior modulation. Animal models suggest that these genes may be involved in alcohol consumption regulation. However, no studies in humans exist. Our aim is to estimate the possible association between polymorphisms in the PPAR-α , PPAR-γ and PPAR-γ co-activator 1A ( PGC-1A ) genes and alcohol consumption in humans. Methods We have conducted a cross-sectional study between the PPAR-α L162V, PPAR-γ P12A and PGC-1A G482S polymorphisms, and alcohol consumption in a general Mediterranean Spanish population…

Association of olfatory dysfunction with plasma lipids and blood pressure in a high cardiovascular risk population: sex-specific analysis

Abstract Background Impaired sense of smell is a predictor of morbidity and mortality, including cardiovascular diseases. Likewise, several studies have reported sex-specific associations between olfactory function and cardiometabolic measures including plasma lipids and blood pressure. Thus, in a representative sample of US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study, olfactory dysfunction was associated with significantly higher total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C among older men, but significantly lower TC among older women. However, considering that more studies in diverse population are needed, our aim was to analyze the association between the olfactor…

Effects of a Mediterranean Eating Plan on the Need for Glucose-Lowering Medications in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes: A Subgroup Analysis of the PREDIMED Trial

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of two Mediterranean eating plans (Med-EatPlans) versus a low-fat eating plan on the need for glucose-lowering medications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: From the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) trial, we selected 3,230 participants with type 2 diabetes at baseline. These participants were randomly assigned to one of three eating plans: Med-EatPlan supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), Med-EatPlan supplemented with mixed nuts, or a low-fat eating plan (control). In a subgroup (15%), the allocation was done in small clusters instead of using individual randomization, and the clustering effect was taken into account in the statistical a…

Abstract MP04: Taste Perception Profiles Are Associated With Patterns Of Adherence To A Mediterranean Diet Among Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: Evidence suggests perception of sweet, salt, sour, bitter, and umami tastes may be independently related to food preferences and intake. Our objective was to determine whether a collective measure of taste perception for all 5 tastes—“taste perception profiles”—was related to adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedD). Methods: Participants were 367 older adults (55-75 years; 55% female) with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia. A data-driven clustering approach identified six taste perception profiles from baseline taste perception scores: Low All ( n = 85), High Bitter ( n = 41), High Umami ( n = 61), Low Bitter & Umami ( n = 59), High All But Bitter ( n = 72) an…

MicroRNAs and Drinking : Association between the Pre-miR-27a rs895819 Polymorphism and Alcohol Consumption in a Mediterranean Population

Recently, microRNAs (miRNA) have been proposed as regulators in the different processes involved in alcohol intake, and differences have been found in the miRNA expression profile in alcoholics. However, no study has focused on analyzing polymorphisms in genes encoding miRNAs and daily alcohol consumption at the population level. Our aim was to investigate the association between a functional polymorphism in the pre-miR-27a (rs895819 A>G) gene and alcohol consumption in an elderly population. We undertook a cross-sectional study of PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Valencia participants (n = 1007, including men and women aged 67 7 years) and measured their alcohol consumption (to…

Longitudinal association of changes in diet with changes in body weight and waist circumference in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial

Background Consumption of certain foods is associated with long-term weight gains and abdominal fat accumulation in healthy, middle-aged and young, non-obese participants. Whether the same foods might be associated with changes in adiposity in elderly population at high cardiovascular risk is less known. Objective Using yearly repeated measurements of both food habits and adiposity parameters, we aimed to investigate how changes in the consumption of specific foods were associated with concurrent changes in weight or waist circumference (WC) in the PREDIMED trial. Design We followed-up 7009 participants aged 55-70 years at high cardiovascular risk for a median time of 4.8 years. A validated…

Relevant associations of the glucokinase regulatory protein/glucokinase gene variation with TAG concentrations in a high-cardiovascular risk population: modulation by the Mediterranean diet

The SNP rs1260326 (P446L) and rs1799884 ( − 30G>A) for the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) and glucokinase (GCK) genes, respectively, have been associated with opposing effects on TAG and glucose concentrations. However, their genetic modulation by diet (dietary patterns or foods) remains to be investigated. We studied 945 high-cardiovascular risk subjects aged 67 (sd 6) years who participated in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Valencia Study. Demographic, clinical, biochemical and genetic data were obtained. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and food intake were measured by validated questionnaires. Carriers of the L allele of GKCR had significantly higher TAG concent…

Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity Decrease the Initiation of Cardiovascular Drug Use in High Cardiovascular Risk Individuals: A Cohort Study

Our aim was to assess whether long-term adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were associated with a lower initiation of cardiovascular drug use. We studied the association between cumulative average of MedDiet adherence and LTPA and the risk of cardiovascular drug initiation in older adults at high cardiovascular risk (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea trial participants) non-medicated at baseline: glucose-lowering drugs (n = 4437), antihypertensives (n = 2145), statins (n = 3977), fibrates (n = 6391), antiplatelets (n = 5760), vitamin K antagonists (n = 6877), antianginal drugs (n = 6837), and cardiac glycosides (n = 6954). One-point increas…

CLOCK gene variation is associated with incidence of type‑2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in type‑2 diabetic subjects: dietary modulation in the PREDIMED randomized trial

Background: Circadian rhythms regulate key biological processes influencing metabolic pathways. Disregulation is associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Circadian rhythms are generated by a transcriptional autoregulatory feedback loop involving core clock genes. CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles protein kaput), one of those core genes, is known to regulate glucose metabolism in rodent models. Cross-sectional studies in humans have reported associations between this locus and obesity, plasma glucose, hypertension and T2D prevalence, supporting its role in cardiovascular risk. However, no longitudinal study has investigated the association between CLOCK…

The Eveningness Chronotype and Lower Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Are Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Older Subjects With Metabolic Syndrome

OBJECTIVES: Studies have shown the importance of depression as a risk factor for several diseases. Likewise, currently there is great interest on the role of chronotype in depressive disorders. Similarly, associations between diet and depression have been reported. However, very few studies have analyzed the combined effect of diet and chronotype on depression. Our aim was to investigated the joint influence of the morning/evening chronotype and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) on depressive symptoms in older subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We analyzed 465 PREDIMED Plus-Valencia study participants (aged 55–75). We assessed depressive symptoms by the Beck Depression In…

Lifestyles and risk factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet: a baseline assessment of the PREDIMED trial

Background: The traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with longevity and low rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is little information on who is more likely to follow this food pattern. Aim: To evaluate how different factors are associated with lower MedDiet adherence in older Spanish subjects. Methods: We included 7305 participants (men aged 55-80 y, women 60-80 y) at high-risk of CVD recruited into the PREDIMED trial (ISRCTN35739639). Socioeconomic, anthropometric, lifestyle characteristics and CVD risk factors were recorded. A validated 14-item questionnaire was used to evaluate MedDiet adherence at baseline. Multivariate models were used to …

Data-Driven Clustering Approach to Derive Taste Perception Profiles from Sweet, Salt, Sour, Bitter, and Umami Perception Scores: An Illustration among Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Current approaches to studying relations between taste perception and diet quality typically consider each taste-sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami-separately or aggregately, as total taste scores. Consistent with studying dietary patterns rather than single foods or total energy, an additional approach may be to study all 5 tastes collectively as "taste perception profiles." OBJECTIVE We developed a data-driven clustering approach to derive taste perception profiles from taste perception scores and examined whether profiles outperformed total taste scores for capturing individual variability in taste perception. METHODS The cohort included 367 community-dwelling adults [55-75 y; 5…

Glycemic Dysregulations Are Associated With Worsening Cognitive Function in Older Participants at High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Two-Year Follow-up in the PREDIMED-Plus Study

The authors wish to thank the PREDIMED-Plus participants and staff for their engagement, as well as to the primary care centers involved in the study. We also thank the Cerca Programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya, and the CIBEROBN, CIBERESP and CIBERDEM initiatives of Instituto de Salud Carlos III in Spain, and the collaborators in the PRIME consortium for helpful input. The first version of the present article has been published in the public repository Research Square as a preprint publication of our work (44). We particularly thank Stephanie Nishi for her assistance with manuscript language revision.

Polymorphism of the Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Gene (TCF7L2) Interacts with Obesity on Type-2 Diabetes in the PREDIMED Study Emphasizing the Heterogeneity of Genetic Variants in Type-2 Diabetes Risk Prediction: Time for Obesity-Specific Genetic Risk Scores

Nutrigenetic studies analyzing gene-diet interactions of the TCF7L2-rs7903146 C > T polymorphism on type-2 diabetes (T2D) have shown controversial results. A reason contributing to this may be the additional modulation by obesity. Moreover, TCF7L2-rs7903146 is one of the most influential variants in T2D-genetic risk scores (GRS). Therefore, to increase the predictive value (PV) of GRS it is necessary to first see whether the included polymorphisms have heterogeneous effects. We comprehensively investigated gene-obesity interactions between the TCF7L2-rs7903146 C > T polymorphism on T2D (prevalence and incidence) and analyzed other T2D-polymorphisms in a sub-sample. We studied 7018 PREDIMED …

Interplay between cognition and weight reduction in individuals following a Mediterranean Diet: Three-year follow-up of the PREDIMED-Plus trial

Background & aims: Some cognitive profiles might facilitate successful weight loss and its maintenance. Also, weight reductions may result in cognitive benefits. However, little work to date has examined the interactions between cognition and weight changes in the context of interventions with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). We studied the within-subject longitudinal relationships between cognition, body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and quality of life (QoL), in older adults following a MedDiet. Methods: The PREDIMED-Plus is a primary prevention trial testing the effect of a lifestyle intervention program with an energy-restricted MedDiet (er-MedDiet), weight-loss goals and P…

Papel de la atención primaria ante el cáncer hereditario

Efecto del polimorfismo de la apolipoproteína E en el perfil lipoproteico y riesgo cardiovascular en una población mediterránea

Fundamento La asociacion de las variantes comunes del gen de la apolipoproteina E (apo E)con arteriosclerosis varia segun las poblaciones. Nuestro objetivo fue estimar la asociacion entreestas variantes geneticas (alelos e2, e3 y e4) con las concentraciones de lipidos plasmaticosy el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) en una poblacion mediterranea espanola. Pacientes y metodo Se ha realizado un estudio transversal en 486 individuos (144 varones y342 mujeres) procedentes de poblacion general mediterranea (7-85 anos). Se determino el genotipode la apo E y variables antropometricas, bioquimicas y del estilo de vida. Resultados La frecuencia alelica para e2 y e4 fue baja (0,052; interval…

Estudio de investigación cualitativa sobre las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en la percepción de la obesidad, sus causas, abordaje y repercusiones para la salud

Introducción: aunque la obesidad es un problema de salud multidimensional, pocos estudios de investigación cualitativa han analizado el discurso de personas obesas con perspectiva de género para conocer con mayor  profundidad información difícilmente obtenible con técnicas cuantitativas.Objetivo: analizar el discurso de personas obesas mediante grupos de discusión en cuanto a factores que subyacen en la obesidad, percepción del riesgo de patologías, pérdida peso y otros factores relevantes.Métodos: se realizaron dos grupos de discusión en sesiones separadas, homogéneos por sexo, con un total de 14 participantes. Un moderador dirigió la sesión contemplando las distintas dimensiones del probl…

Energy Balance and Risk of Mortality in Spanish Older Adults

Clinical data on the direct health effects of energy deficit or surplus beyond its impact on body weight are scarce. We aimed to assess the association with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality of (1) sustained energy deficit or surplus, calculated according to each individual’s en-ergy intake (EI) and theoretical energy expenditure (TEE), and (2) mid-term change in total EI in a prospective study. In 7119 participants in the PREDIMED Study (PREvención con DIeta MEDi-terránea) with a mean age of 67 years, energy intake was derived from a 137-item food frequency questionnaire. TEE was calculated as a function of age, sex, height, body weight and physical ac-tivity. The main exposur…

Non-targeted metabolomic biomarkers and metabotypes of type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study of PREDIMED trial participants

Aim. - To characterize the urinary metabolomic fingerprint and multi-metabolite signature associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and to classify the population into metabotypes related to T2D. Methods. - A metabolomics analysis using the 1 H-NMR-based, non-targeted metabolomic approach was conducted to determine the urinary metabolomic fingerprint of T2D compared with non-T2D participants in the PREDIMED trial. The discriminant metabolite fingerprint was subjected to logistic regression analysis and ROC analyses to establish and to assess the multi-metabolite signature of T2D prevalence, respectively. Metabotypes associated with T2D were identified using the k-means algorithm. Results. - A …

Polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system influence height in normotensive women in a Spanish population.

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the polymorphisms G-6A of the angiotensinogen gene, insertion/deletion (I/D) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, and C573T of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor gene on a healthy, middle-age population. A total of 370 (194 women) healthy normotensive Caucasian subjects, aged 25-50 yr old, were selected from the general population. A significant association was found between height and the C573T polymorphism in women (P0.001). After adjustment for age, this association remained significant (P0.002). Thus, the lowest height values were from subjects carrying TT genotype (CC, 1.627 +/- 0.008 m; CT, 1.595 +/- 0.006 m; TT, 1.586 +/- 0.01…

Association of the rs4988235 in the lactase gene with obesity and its modulation by dairy products in a Mediterranean population

The -13910C>T polymorphism (rs4988235) upstream from the lactase (LCT) gene, strongly associated with lactase persistence (LP) in Europeans, is emerging as a new candidate for obesity. We aimed to analyze the association of this polymorphism with obesity-related variables and its modulation by dairy product intake in an elderly population. We studied 940 high-cardiovascular risk Spanish subjects (aged 67 ± 7 years). Dairy product consumption was assessed by a validated questionnaire. Anthropometric variables were directly measured, and metabolic syndrome-related variables were obtained. Prevalence of genotypes was: 38.0% CC (lactase nonpersistent (LNP)), 45.7% CT, and 16.3% TT. The CC genot…

Novel association of the obesity risk-allele near Fas Apoptotic Inhibitory Molecule 2 (FAIM2) gene with heart rate and study of its effects on myocardial infarction in diabetic participants of the PREDIMED trial

[Background] The Fas apoptotic pathway has been implicated in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although a polymorphism (rs7138803; G > A) near the Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2 (FAIM2) locus has been related to obesity, its association with other cardiovascular risk factors and disease remains uncertain.

Mediterranean Diet and Invasive Breast Cancer Risk Among Women at High Cardiovascular Risk in the PREDIMED Trial

Importance Breast cancer is the leading cause of female cancer burden, and its incidence has increased by more than 20% worldwide since 2008. Some observational studies have suggested that the Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of breast cancer. Objective To evaluate the effect of 2 interventions with Mediterranean diet vs the advice to follow a low-fat diet (control) on breast cancer incidence. Design, Setting, and Participants The PREDIMED study is a 1:1:1 randomized, single-blind, controlled field trial conducted at primary health care centers in Spain. From 2003 to 2009, 4282 women aged 60 to 80 years and at high cardiovascular disease risk were recruited after invitation by their p…

Comparación de las frecuencias de los alelos factor V Leiden (G1691A) y protrombina-G20210A entre pacientes con trombosis venosa profunda y población general mediterránea española

Background: Factor V leiden and the -G20210A variant of prothrombin gene are associated to a higher risk of deep venous thrombosis. Aim: To assess the frequency of factor V Leiden (G1691A) and prothrombin -G20210A alleles in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and in the general population from Spain. Material and methods: Factor V Leiden (g1691a) and prothrombin-g20210a alleles were genotyped in 493 individuals from the Spanish general populations and in 131 patients with DVT. The presence of DVT was confirmed by phlebography. Allelic frequencies and the DVT risk associated with these variants were estimated. Results: Allelic frequencies for the factor V Leiden (G1691A) allele were …

Retracted: Effect of a high-fat Mediterranean diet on bodyweight and waist circumference: a prespecified secondary outcomes analysis of the PREDIMED randomised controlled trial

Summary Background Because of the high density of fat, high-fat diets are perceived as likely to lead to increased bodyweight, hence health-care providers are reluctant to recommend them to overweight or obese individuals. We assessed the long-term effects of ad libitum, high-fat, high-vegetable-fat Mediterranean diets on bodyweight and waist circumference in older people at risk of cardiovascular disease, most of whom were overweight or obese. Methods PREDIMED was a 5 year parallel-group, multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial done in primary care centres affiliated to 11 hospitals in Spain. 7447 asymptomatic men (aged 55–80 years) and women (aged 60–80 years) who had type 2 di…

Changes in arginine are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes: A case-cohort study in the PREDIMED trial

The associations between arginine‐based metabolites and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) are unknown. We employed a case‐cohort design, nested within the PREDIMED trial, to examine six plasma metabolites (arginine, citrulline, ornithine, asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA], symmetric dimethylarginine [SDMA] and N‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine [NMMA]) among 892 individuals (251 cases) for associations with incident T2D and insulin resistance. Weighted Cox models with robust variance were used. The 1‐year changes in arginine (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49, 0.95; Q4 vs. Q1 0.46, 95% CI 0.21, 1.04; P trend = 0.02) and arginine/ADMA ratio (adjusted HR per SD 0.73…

Polyphenol intake and cardiovascular risk in the PREDIMED-Plus trial. A comparison of different risk equations

Abstract Introduction and objectives Quantification of cardiovascular risk has been based on scores such as Framingham, Framingham-REGICOR, SCORE or Life's Simple 7 (LS7). In vitro, animal, and randomized clinical studies have shown that polyphenols may provide benefits to the vascular system and reduce the inflammatory response. However, some clinical-epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results. Our aim was to assess the possible association between intake of the various polyphenol classes and established cardiovascular scores. Methods This cross-sectional analysis involved 6633 PREDIMED-Plus study participants. Food polyphenol content was estimated by a semiquantitative food…

Anomalías congénitas cardíacas en la Comunitat Valenciana 2007-2014, el registro poblacional de anomalías congénitas

Resumen: Introducción: Las anomalías congénitas cardíacas (ACC) son el tipo de anomalías congénitas (AC) mayores de más prevalencia y gravedad. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia y distribución de las ACC en la Comunitat Valenciana desde 2007 hasta 2014, describiendo las características comunes de los pacientes y sus madres. Material y Métodos: Se seleccionaron del Registro poblacional de AC de la Comunitat Valenciana los pacientes con ACC nacidos vivos, nacidos muertos e interrupciones voluntarias del embarazo entre 2007-2014 (códigos Q20-Q26 de la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades 10.ª Revisión, Asociación Pediátrica Británica). Se calculó la prevalencia por 10.000 nacidos…

Association of Tryptophan Metabolites with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the PREDIMED Trial: A Case–Cohort Study

Abstract BACKGROUND Metabolites of the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway (i.e., tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic) may be associated with diabetes development. Using a case–cohort design nested in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study, we studied the associations of baseline and 1-year changes of these metabolites with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Plasma metabolite concentrations were quantified via LC-MS for n = 641 in a randomly selected subcohort and 251 incident cases diagnosed during 3.8 years of median follow-up. Weighted Cox models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and other T2D risk factors were used. RESULTS …

Caffeinated coffee consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation in two Spanish cohorts

Aims: The association between caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation remains unclear. Recent studies suggest an inverse association only between a moderate caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation, but others have reported no association. The aim of our study was to prospectively assess the association between caffeinated coffee consumption and atrial fibrillation in two Spanish cohorts, one of adults from a general population and another of elderly participants at high cardiovascular risk. Methods and results: We included 18,983 and 6479 participants from the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) and 'Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea' (PREDIMED) cohorts,…

The rs9939609-fto polymorphism is associated with methylation levels in both men and women from a high cardiovascular risk population

Psychological and metabolic risk factors in older adults with a previous history of eating disorder: A cross-sectional study from the Predimed-Plus study

Goals To explore affective and cognitive status, later in life, in individuals with and without previous history of eating disorder (ED), and also its association with higher risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) symptomatology. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of 6756 adults, aged 55-75 years with overweight/obesity and MetS participating in the Predimed-Plus study was conducted. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires to examine lifetime history of ED, according to DSM-5 criteria, and other psychopathological and neurocognitive factors. Anthropometric and metabolic measurements were also collected. Results Of the whole sample, 24 individuals (0.35%) reported a previous history …

High Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Moderate Fat Intake Are Associated with Higher Carotenoid Concentration in Human Plasma

This research was funded by CICYT [AGL2016-75329-R] and CIBEROBN from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, (AEI/FEDER, UE), Generalitat de Catalunya (GC) [2017SGR196]. The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the official Spanish Institutions for funding scientific biomedical research, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (four coordinated Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias projects lead by J.S.-S. and J.V., including the following projects: PI13…

Adherence to the mediterranean diet modulates the association between the abca1 gene, plasma lipids and diabetes in a high-risk population

Associations between dietary polyphenols and type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Trial: role of body mass index and sex

Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moving towards healthier diets, namely, diets rich in bioactive compounds, could decrease the odds of suffering T2D. However, those individuals with high body mass index (BMI) may have altered absorption or metabolism of some nutrients and dietary components, including polyphenols. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether high intakes of some classes of polyphenols are associated with T2D in a population with metabolic syndrome and how these associations depend on BMI and sex. This baseline cross-sectional analysis includes 6633 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Polyphenol intakes were calculated from food fr…

Quality of dietary fat intake and body weight and obesity in a Mediterranean population: Secondary analyses within the PREDIMED trial

A moderately high-fat Mediterranean diet does not promote weight gain. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of specific types of fat and obesity and body weight. A prospective cohort study was performed using data of 6942 participants in the PREDIMED trial, with yearly repeated validated food-frequency questionnaires, and anthropometric outcomes (median follow-up: 4.8 years). The effects of replacing dietary fat subtypes for one another, proteins or carbohydrates were estimated using generalized estimating equations substitution models. Replacement of 5% energy from saturated fatty acids (SFA) with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty…

Effect of the Mediterranean diet on blood pressure in the PREDIMED trial: Results from a randomized controlled trial

[Background]: Hypertension can be prevented by adopting healthy dietary patterns. Our aim was to assess the 4-year effect on blood pressure (BP) control of a randomized feeding trial promoting the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Replacing red meat and processed red meat for white meat, fish, legumes or eggs is associated with lower risk of incidence of metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Few studies have assessed the association between consumption of red meat (RM) and processed red meats (PRM) and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and results have been inconsistent. We investigated associations between total consumption of meat and its subtypes and incident MetS and estimated the effect of substituting RM or PRM for alternative protein-rich foods. METHODS: We analyzed 1868 participants (55-80 years-old) recruited into the PREDIMED study who had no MetS at baseline and were followed for a median of 3.2 years. MetS was defined using updated harmonized criteria. Anthropometric variables, dietary habits, and blood biochemistry were determined at bas…

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption is Inversely Associated with Plasma Saturated Fatty Acids at Baseline in Predimed Plus Trial

I.D.-L. is supported by the [FI_B 00256] from the FI-AGAUR Research Fellowship Program, Generalitat de Catalunya and M.M.-M is supported by the FPU17/00513 grant. a.-H. is supported by the [CD17/00122] grant and S.K.N. is supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Fellowship. We also thank all the volunteers for their participation in and the personnel for their contribution to the PREDIMED-Plus trial. This research was funded by CiCYT [AGL2016-75329-R] and CIBEROBN from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, (AEI/FEDER, UE), Generalitat de Catalunya (GC) [2017SGR196]. The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by t…

Mediterranean Diet and White Blood Cell Count—A Randomized Controlled Trial

We aimed to assess the effects of the antioxidant-rich Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on white blood cell count. Our study population included participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study (average age 67 years old, 58% women, high cardiovascular risk). We assessed whether a MedDiet intervention enriched in extra-virgin olive oil or nuts, versus a low-fat control diet, modified the incidence of leukocytosis (&gt

Dieta mediterránea hipocalórica y factores de riesgo cardiovascular: análisis transversal de PREDIMED-Plus

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos Los beneficios cardiovasculares de la dieta mediterranea se han evaluado bajo supuestos de ingesta total de energia ad libitum (sin restriccion de energia). En el presente trabajo se estudia basalmente la cohorte de un gran ensayo en marcha denominado PREDIMED-Plus y la asociacion entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterranea hipocalorica segun la escala de 17 puntos (MedDiet) de este ensayo con la prevalencia inicial de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV). Metodos Evaluacion transversal de los participantes de PREDIMED-Plus (6.874 adultos mayores con sobrepeso/obesidad y sindrome metabolico). Se evaluo a los participantes para determinar la prevalencia d…

Associations of the MCM6-rs3754686 proxy for milk intake in Mediterranean and American populations with cardiovascular biomarkers, disease and mortality: Mendelian randomization

Controversy persists on the association between dairy products, especially milk, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Genetic proxies may improve dairy intake estimations, and clarify diet-disease relationships through Mendelian randomization. We meta-analytically (n T (nonpersistence>persistence), dairy intake, and CVD biomarkers in American (Hispanics, African-American and Whites) and Mediterranean populations. Moreover, we analyzed longitudinal associations with milk, CVD and mortality in PREDIMED), a randomized Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention trial (n = 7185). The MCM6-rs3754686/MCM6-rs309180 (as proxy), LP-allele (T) was strongly associated with higher milk intake, but inconsis…

Dietary Polyphenol Intake is Associated with HDL-Cholesterol and A Better Profile of other Components of the Metabolic Syndrome: A PREDIMED-Plus Sub-Study

Dietary polyphenol intake is associated with improvement of metabolic disturbances. The aims of the present study are to describe dietary polyphenol intake in a population with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to examine the association between polyphenol intake and the components of MetS. This cross-sectional analysis involved 6633 men and women included in the PREDIMED (PREvenci&oacute

Baja prevalencia del polimorfismo Leu7Pro en el péptido señal del preproneuropéptido Y en la población mediterránea española

Fundamento y objetivo: Un polimorfismo comun, Leu7Pro, en el peptido senal del neuropeptido Y se ha asociado con concentraciones elevadas de colesterol y arteriosclerosis en Finlandia. Nuestro objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia de dicho polimorfismo en la poblacion espanola. Pacientes y metodo: Se ha realizado un diseno transversal en 1.000 individuos procedentes de poblacion mediterranea espanola. Se estudiaron dos muestras independientes compuestas por 486 individuos (muestra 1) y por 514 (muestra 2). Se determino el polimorfismo Leu7Pro. Resultados: Solo se detecto un individuo portador de la variante Leu7Pro (0,1%). La frecuencia alelica para el alelo Pro7 en la poblacion estudiada fue…

Association between taste perception and adiposity in overweight or obese older subjects with metabolic syndrome and identification of novel taste-related genes.

BACKGROUND The relation between taste perception, diet, and adiposity remains controversial. Additionally, there is a lack of knowledge on the polymorphisms influencing taste given the scarcity of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) published. OBJECTIVES We studied the relation between perception of the basic tastes, i.e., sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami (separately and jointly in a "taste score"), and anthropometric measurements in older subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). GWASs were undertaken to identify genes associated with basic tastes and their score. METHODS Taste perception was cross-sectionally determined by challenging subjects (381 older individuals with MetS) wit…

Intake of Total Polyphenols and Some Classes of Polyphenols Is Inversely Associated with Diabetes in Elderly People at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background: Higher consumption of some polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of diabetes. However, no studies have evaluated the relation between all polyphenol subclasses and the incidence of diabetes.Objective: We aimed to prospectively examine the associations between the intake of total polyphenols and different groups of polyphenols (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, lignans, and others) on the risk of incident diabetes in the PREDIMED (Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea) trial.Methods: This was an observational cohort analysis of the nondiabetic participants in the PREDIMED trial. This study was a multicenter, controlled, randomized, parallel-group feeding trial to a…

Use of Different Food Classification Systems to Assess the Association between Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Cardiometabolic Health in an Elderly Population with Metabolic Syndrome (PREDIMED-Plus Cohort)

The PREDIMED-Plus trial was supported by the European Research Council (Advanced Research grant 2014–2019; agreement #340918; granted to M.Á.M.-G.); the official Spanish institutions for funding scientific biomedical research, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the Fondo de Investigación para la Salud (FIS) which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (coordinated FIS projects led by J.S-S. and J.V., including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728, PI13/01090, PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14/00696, PI…

Sleep Duration is Inversely Associated with Serum Uric Acid Concentrations and Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio in an Elderly Mediterranean Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

The aim of the study was to evaluate sleep duration and sleep variability in relation to serum uric acid (SUA) concentrations and SUA to creatinine ratio. This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 1842 elderly participants with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in the (Prevencion con Dieta Mediterranea) PREDIMED-Plus trial. Accelerometry-derived sleep duration and sleep variability were measured. Linear regression models were fitted to examine the aforementioned associations. A 1 hour/night increment in sleep duration was inversely associated with SUA concentrations ( = -0.07, p = 0.047). Further adjustment for leukocytes attenuated this association (p = 0.050). Each …

Low Serum Choline Concentrations Are Associated with Worse Cognitive Performance in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

OBJECTIVES: Choline is an essential nutrient critical for components of the cell membrane, such as choline-containing phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin), and in synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects, but the association between serum choline and cognitive performance has been scarcely investigated. Our aims are: 1) To study the association between serum total choline, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin with cognitive performance in subjects with metabolic syndrome; and 2) to analyze genetic variants and dietary intake most associated with cholines in this population. METHODS: We analyzed 426 subjects (a…

Bitter, Sweet, Salty, Sour and Umami Taste Perception Decreases with Age: Sex-Specific Analysis, Modulation by Genetic Variants and Taste-Preference Associations in 18 to 80 Year-Old Subjects

There is growing interest in relating taste perception to diet and healthy aging. However, there is still limited information on the influence of age, sex and genetics on taste acuity as well as on the relationship between taste perception and taste preferences. We have analysed the influence of age on the intensity rating of the five basic tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, sour and umami (separately and jointly in a &ldquo

Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoproteins Are Associated With a Greater Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Population at High Cardiovascular Risk

Background: Studies have failed to establish a clear link between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and cardiovascular disease, leading to the hypothesis that the atheroprotective role of HDL lies in its biological activity rather than in its cholesterol content. However, to date, the association between HDL functional characteristics and acute coronary syndrome has not been investigated comprehensively. Methods: We conducted a case-control study nested within the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) cohort, originally a randomized trial in which participants followed a Mediterranean or low-fat diet. Incident acute coronary syndrome cases (N=167) were individually matched …

The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery

Background: Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, and surgery is the only available treatment. The process that initiates lens opacification is dependent on the oxidative stress experienced by the lens components. A healthy overall dietary pattern, with the potential to reduce oxidative stress, has been suggested as a means to decrease the risk of developing cataract. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that an intervention with a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) rather than a low-fat diet could decrease the incidence of cataract surgery in elderly subjects. Methods: We included 5802 men and women (age range: 55-80 years) from the Prevencion con Dieta Mediterronea study…

Education modulates the association of the FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with body mass index and obesity risk in the Mediterranean population

Objective To define whether the rs9939609 FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with anthropometric measurements and its modulation by educational level in a Mediterranean population. Methods We studied 3 independent adult samples: a random sample (n = 1580) from the general population (GP), obese hospital patients (OHP) (n = 203) and elderly subjects (n = 1027) with high cardiovascular risk (HCR). Weight and height were directly measured. Education and physical activity (PA) were measured using questionnaires. Results The rs9939609 presented heterogeneous associations with BMI. In the GP, the minor A-allele was significantly associated wit…

Efecto del polimorfismo +2138InsCAGACC en el gen del receptor 3 de la melanocortina en el riesgo de obesidad en población española

Objetivo El receptor 3 de la melanocortina (MC3R) ha sido implicado en la regulacion de la homeostasis energetica y en el peso corporal. Nuestro objetivo es conocer si el polimorfismo +2138InsCAGACC en dicho gen se asocia con el riesgo de obesidad en poblacion espanola. Material y metodo Se ha realizado un estudio de casos y controles con 303 casos de obesidad y 606 controles apareados por sexo y edad. Se determinaron variables antropometricas y del estilo de vida y el polimorfismo +2138InsCAGACC en el gen del MC3R. Resultados La frecuencia alelica para la variante +2138InsCAGACC para el total de la poblacion fue de 0,29, y resulto ligeramente menos frecuente en el grupo de casos que en el …

Association between the rs6950982 polymorphism near the SERPINE1 gene and blood pressure and lipid parameters in a high-cardiovascular-risk population: interaction with Mediterranean diet

The SERPINE1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1) gene, better known by its previous symbol PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), has been associated with cardiovascular phenotypes with differing results. Our aim was to examine the association between the rs6950982 (G  A) near the SERPINE1 gene, blood pressure (BP) and plasma lipid concentrations as well as the modulation of the polymorphism effects by adherence to Mediterranean diet (AMD). We studied 945 high-cardiovascular-risk subjects. Biochemical, clinical, dietary and genetic data (rs6950982) were obtained. We also determined the common rs1799768 (4G/5G), for checking independent effects. AMD was measured by a validate…

Mediterranean Diet Decreases the Initiation of Use of Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Inhibitors and Their Associated Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Our aim is to assess whether following a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) decreases the risk of initiating antithrombotic therapies and the cardiovascular risk associated with its use in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk. We evaluate whether participants of the PREvenci&oacute

Asociación entre índice tobillo-brazo y rendimiento cognitivo en participantes del estudio PREDIMED-Plus: estudio transversal

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos El indice tobillo-brazo (ITB) es un indicador de enfermedad arterial periferica (EAP). El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la asociacion entre la EAP medida con el ITB y el rendimiento cognitivo de individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad y sindrome metabolico. Metodos Estudio transversal realizado con los datos basales del estudio PREDIMED-Plus, en el que se incluyo a un total de 4.898 participantes (tras excluir a aquellos sin medicion de ITB) de entre 55 y 75 anos, con sobrepeso u obesidad y sindrome metabolico. En la visita basal se midio el ITB segun un protocolo estandarizado, asi como otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular (diabetes mellitus, dislipemi…

Empirically-derived food patterns and the risk of total mortality and cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED study.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: There is little evidence on post hoc-derived dietary patterns (DP) and all-cause mortality in Southern-European populations. Furthermore, the potential effect modification of a DP by a nutritional intervention has not been sufficiently assessed. We assessed the association between a posteriori defined baseline major DP and total mortality or cardiovascular events within each of the three arms of a large primary prevention trial (PREDIMED) where participants were randomized to two active interventions with Mediterranean-type diets or to a control group (allocated to a low-fat diet). DESIGN: We followed-up 7216 participants for a median of 4.3 years. A validated 137-item fo…

Statistical and biological gene-lifestyle interactions of MC4R and FTO with diet and physical activity on obesity: new effects on alcohol consumption

Background: Fat mass and obesity (FTO) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and are relevant genes associated with obesity. This could be through food intake, but results are contradictory. Modulation by diet or other lifestyle factors is also not well understood. Objective: To investigate whether MC4R and FTO associations with body-weight are modulated by diet and physical activity (PA), and to study their association with alcohol and food intake. Methods: Adherence to Mediterranean diet (AdMedDiet) and physical activity (PA) were assessed by validated questionnaires in 7,052 high cardiovascular risk subjects. MC4R rs17782313 and FTO rs9939609 were determined. Independent and joint associati…

Olive oil intake and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the PREDIMED Study

[Background] It is unknown whether individuals at high cardiovascular risk sustain a benefit in cardiovascular disease from increased olive oil consumption. The aim was to assess the association between total olive oil intake, its varieties (extra virgin and common olive oil) and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.

Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Variables on Plasma Magnesium Concentrations and Their Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Mediterranean Population.

Several studies have shown that a low magnesium (Mg) intake in the diet is associated with greater cardiovascular risk and greater risk of diabetes. However, the results are not consistent in all populations. To minimize the biases derived from diet measurement, more objective biomarkers of magnesium status have been proposed. Although there is still no ideal biomarker for Mg, several studies have shown that plasma Mg concentrations could be a relatively acceptable biomarker for cardiovascular risk assessment. However, further studies are required to better characterize this marker in different populations. Our aim was to analyze the association between plasma Mg concentrations (measured th…

Transcriptomic autophagy-related gene signature investigation for type 2 diabetes in Mediterranean subjects

Abstract Background Autophagy (involving degradation and clearance of damaged organelles and compounds) plays a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D). There are three main types of autophagy and several genes involved. These genes have been well studied in animal models, but there are few transcriptomic studies in humans. Our aim is to analyze the differential gene expression, and the functional enrichment of the main autophagy-related genes (ARG) in T2D subjects from a Mediterranean population Methods We analyzed 120 White-European subjects (mean age 61,4 years; 50% women; 24 T2D) from Valencia, Spain. Clinical and lifestyle data were obtained. ARN was isolated from blood. Transcriptome-wide gene …

Mediterranean diet and antihypertensive drug use: a randomized controlled trial

Objective To examine in older individuals at high cardiovascular risk whether following a Mediterranean diet decreased the necessity of antihypertensive drugs and modulated their associated cardiovascular risk. Methods In the PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea study, we assessed whether volunteers randomly allocated to an intervention with a Mediterranean diet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts (relative to a low-fat control diet) disclosed differences in the risk of: initiating antihypertensive medication in nonusers at baseline (n = 2188); and escalating therapy in participants using one, two, or three drugs at baseline (n = 2361, n = 1579, and n = 554, respectively). We also ass…

Dietary inflammatory index and all-cause mortality in large cohorts: The SUN and PREDIMED studies

[Background]: Inflammation is known to be related to the leading causes of death including cardiovascular disease, several types of cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes, depression-suicide and other chronic diseases. In the context of whole dietary patterns, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) was developed to appraise the inflammatory potential of the diet. [Objective]: We prospectively assessed the association between DII scores and all-cause mortality in two large Spanish cohorts and valuated the consistency of findings across these two cohorts and results published based on other cohorts.

Mediterranean diet and risk of heart failure: results from the PREDIMED randomized controlled trial

Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on the incidence of heart failure (HF), a pre-specified secondary outcome in the PREDIMED (PREvencion con DIeta MEDiterranea) primary nutrition-intervention prevention trial. Methods and results Participants at high risk of cardiovascular disease were randomly assigned to one of three diets: MedDiet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), MedDiet supplemented with nuts, or a low-fat control diet. Incident HF was ascertained by a Committee for Adjudication of events blinded to group allocation. Among 7403 participants without prevalent HF followed for a median of 4.8 years, we observed 29 new H…

Physical fitness and physical activity association with cognitive function and quality of life: baseline cross-sectional analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus trial

Controlled Trial (ISRCTN89898870, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870?q=ISRCTN89898870&filters=&sort=&offset=1&totalResults=1&page=1&pageSize=10&searchType=basic-search) on 07/24/2014.

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome.

Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect would be very low or nil. One of the factors that may contribute to the inconsistency of the results is that, in most studies, genetic factors have not been taken into consideration. It is known that fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster in chromosome 11 is a very important determinant of plasma PUFA, and that the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations and may constitute a bias in meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association studies (GW…

Taste Perception Profiles Are Associated With Adherence to Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns Among Older Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

OBJECTIVES: Understanding individual-level drivers of food intake is critical when personalizing dietary guidance. One likely driver is taste perception; yet, limited data relate perception of all 5 tastes (sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami) to dietary patterns (DPs). Our aim was to determine whether a multivariable measure of taste perception, taste perception profiles, was associated with adherence to empirically derived DPs. METHODS: Participants were 367 community-dwelling adults with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia (55–75 years; 55% female). Six taste perception profiles were derived from 5 taste perception scores via a data-driven clustering approach: Low All (23%), Hig…