The water-soluble extract of goat cheese : a high flavour fraction

International audience

Evaluation of the impact of different odour notes on typicality of caramel aroma by recombination studies

Poster (1 page); International audience; Aroma is one of the main factors that contribute to the consumer acceptability of a food product. Gas Chromatography/Olfactometry (GC/O) followed by accurate quantitation and recombination studies are usually carried out to evaluate key aroma compounds. The aim of this study is to develop a new approach taking into account odor qualities and to evaluate their impact on the typicality of caramel aroma. First, 58 aroma compounds, previously identified by GC/O analyses, were sorted into 8 odorant categories: animal, caramel, sour, vegetal, roasted, floral, fruity and nutty according to GC/O descriptors. For each category, a blend of compounds was prepar…

Using cross-modal interactions to counterbalance salt reduction in solid foods

International audience; We investigated odour-induced saltiness enhancement (OISE) in a solid model cheese with the aim of evaluating the influence of cross-modal interactions (odour-texture-taste) on saltiness perception and assessing the efficacy of using OISE to counterbalance salt reduction. Four model cheeses, varying in texture, were flavoured with three commercial tasteless aromas (comte cheese, sardine and carrot) differently associated with salty and cheesy food products. Twenty-seven consumers evaluated taste intensity, aroma intensity and its congruence with the product flavour, and the overall pleasantness of 12 flavoured and four unflavoured samples. The comparison of the perce…

Salt and Aroma Compound Distributions Influence Flavour Release and Temporal Perception While Eating Hot-Served Flans.

International audience; To counteract the negative effect of salt overconsumption on health, strategies have been developed to reduce the salt content in food products. Among them, two promising strategies based on odour-induced saltiness enhancement and the heterogeneous distribution of flavour compounds were combined and assessed in four-layer cream-based snacks. To investigate the relationship between saltiness enhancement, temporal release and perception of flavour compounds in hot snacks with heterogeneous distribution of salt and aroma compounds, complementary techniques were used: nose space PTR-Tof-MS (Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight–Mass Spectrometry) to assess the release …

Fat and salt contents affect the in-mouth temporal sodium release and saltiness perception of chicken sausages

In cooked meats, sodium chloride is involved in taste, texture and flavour release. So a reduction in the salt content may have an impact on overall perception and acceptability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of composition on sodium release and saltiness intensity in chicken sausages. The rheological properties of the sausages differed according to composition. Temporal sodium release and temporal saltiness intensity were evaluated by four selected subjects when eating sausages. At each time point, the effect of the salt level in sausages on sodium release was positive and highly significant. The effect of lipids on sodium release was negative. Concerning perception, …

Salivary protein profiles and sensitivity to the bitter taste of caffeine.

WOS: 000298381900008; International audience; The interindividual variation in the sensitivity to bitterness is attributed in part to genetic polymorphism at the taste receptor level, but other factors, such as saliva composition, might be involved. In order to investigate this, 2 groups of subjects (hyposensitive, hypersensitive) were selected from 29 healthy male volunteers based on their detection thresholds for caffeine, and their salivary proteome composition was compared. Abundance of 26 of the 255 spots detected on saliva electrophoretic patterns was significantly different between hypo- and hypersensitive subjects. Saliva of hypersensitive subjects contained higher levels of amylase…

The impact of mastication, salivation and food bolus formation on salt release during bread consumption

Health authorities recommend higher fibre and lower salt content in bread products. However, these basic ingredients of bread composition are multifunctional, and important changes in their content influence the texture, flavour and acceptability of the product. This study was designed to investigate the link between oral processing, bolus formation and sodium release during the consumption of four different breads that varied in composition and structure. Chewing behaviour was determined by surface electromyography, and salivation was quantified from the water content of the boluses collected. The kinetics of bread degradation during food bolus formation was characterised by measuring the …

La répartition hétérogène du NaCl influence la perception salée

Le régime alimentaire occidental conduit à une surconsommation de sodium deux fois supérieure au niveau recommandé. Le sodium est majoritairement apporté par le sel (NaCl) et sa consommation en excès est un des facteurs responsable de l’augmentation de l’hypertension artérielle. Ainsi, les pouvoirs publics recommandent-ils une réduction de 20% de la teneur en sel dans les principaux vecteurs alimentaires, tel que les plats préparés et les snacks. Cependant, il est difficile de réduire le taux de sel dans ces aliments tout en maintenant leur qualité gustative. En effet le sel confère aux aliments une saveur salée gage de leur palatabilité. Ce travail s’inscrit dans une recherche globale sur …

Enhancing salty taste through odour–taste–taste interactions: Influence of odour intensity and salty tastants’ nature

WOS:000315557500017 ; www.elsevier.com/locate/foodqual; International audience; Decreasing the sodium content in food products without changing consumer acceptability has become an important challenge for the food industry, and several strategies are currently under investigation to reach this goal. This study investigated the effectiveness of saltiness enhancement by an odour to maintain the perception of saltiness in reduced salt content solutions. In the first experiment, we tested the hypothesis that odour intensity drives the level of saltiness enhancement. The results showed that odour can increase the salty intensity by 25%, while no clear influence of odour intensity either in taste…

Chewing bread: impact on alpha-amylase secretion and oral digestion

During chewing, saliva helps in preparing food bolus by agglomerating formed particles and initiates food enzymatic breakdown. However, limited information is actually available on the adaptation of saliva composition during oral processing of complex foods, especially for foods that are sensitive to salivary enzymes. We addressed this question in the context of starch–based products and salivary alpha-amylase. The objectives were two-fold: 1) determining if salivary alpha-amylase secretion can be modulated by bread type and 2) evaluating the contribution of the oral phase in bread enzymatic breakdown.Mouthfuls of three different wheat breads (industrial, artisan and whole breads) were chew…

Solid cheese consumption: Quantification of oral coating

International audience; Mouth coating, defined as the residual food that sticks to the oral surface after food ingestion, plays an important role in both the delivery of food components and mouth feel and after-feel perceptions. The aim of this work was to adapt a rapid and simple instrumental method to the quantification of food remaining after the in vivo ingestion of a solid food. This method was investigated in 12 non-trained subjects who consumed four melted cheeses differing in terms of their fat and water contents. Mouth coating was determined by fluorescence measurements using curcumin, an oil-soluble dye that had been added to the cheeses during their preparation. The results obtai…

Determination and gustatory properties of taste-active compounds in tomato juice

The water-soluble compounds of a tomato juice selected for its high taste intensity and quality, have been investigated by both physico-chemical and sensory analyses. The physico-chemical assessment of the crude juice led to the construction of a synthetic model juice. Although 97% of the material contained in the crude juice has been identified and quantified, significant sensory differences between the crude and model juice have been found concerning bitterness and sharpness, showing that the components responsible for these gustatory descriptors have not yet been identified in the juice. For the other descriptors: sweetness, saltiness, sourness, umami and astringency, no significant diff…

Role of saliva and oral processing in sensory perception of maltodextrin solutions

In human, food oral processing plays a role in our perception of taste, aroma and texture. This study aimed at investigating the role played by individual salivary flow rate and composition and oral mechanisms in the sensory perception of sweetened and thickened solutions. Thirty one subjects were selected with high differences in salivary flow rates and composition (protein concentration and amylase activity). They consumed twelve thickened solutions (varying independently in maltodextrin type (2), viscosity level (2) and sucrose level (3)) and rated the perceived thickness and sweetness intensities. After rating, boluses were collected in order to evaluate moistening by saliva. Residual o…

Cross-modal interactions between taste and smell: Odour-induced saltiness enhancement depends on salt level

International audience; In recent years, health concerns related to salt have led to extensive research on low-salt foods. One major remaining issue is to reduce sodium content while still providing the salty fix, to maintain food appreciation, acceptance and choice. Using well-selected odours has been proposed to compensate for sodium chloride reduction in food, due to the cross-modal interactions between odour and taste. However, interactions between taste and odour, with regards to saltiness, remain poorly investigated. Moreover, although a few studies have assessed the influences of odour and sweet supra-threshold intensity on cross-modal interactions, none focused directly on how they …

Taking advantage of aromas to optimize liking of low salt foods

In vivo sodium release and saltiness perception in solid lipoprotein matrices. 2. Impact of oral parameters

This study aimed to investigate the relationships between sodium release, saltiness, and oral parameters during the eating of lipoprotein matrices (LPM). Sodium release and saltiness relative to 10 LPM were recorded during normal mastication by five subjects with differing oral parameters (chewing efficiency and salivary flow rate). The LPM samples varied in composition (dry matter, fat, salt, and pH levels) and represented a broad range of hardness. Mastication was recorded using electromyography simultaneously with sensory assessment. Differences in chewing behavior could explain most of the variability in sodium release and saltiness among subjects. Subjects with a higher chewing force a…

Taste active compounds in a goat cheese water-soluble extract 1. Development and sensory validation of a model water-soluble extract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the components of a goat cheese water-soluble extract (WSE) on its flavor by both physicochemical and sensory techniques with special emphasis on taste. After characterization of the organoleptic properties of the cheese, the WSE was extracted with pure water and submitted to successive tangential ultrafiltrations and nanofiltration. The physicochemical assessment of these fractions led to the constitution of a model mixture (MWSE) compared by sensory evaluation to the crude WSE, using a panel of 16 trained members. The results of both sensory profile and triangular tests indicate no significant difference, therefore proving that the recon…

Evolution of the taste of a bitter camembert cheese during ripening : characterization of a matrix effect

The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of ripening on the taste of a typically bitter Camembert cheese. The first step was to select a typically bitter cheese among several products obtained by different processes supposed to enhance this taste defect. Second, the evolution of cheese taste during ripening was characterized from a sensory point of view. Finally, the relative impact of fat, proteins, and water-soluble molecules on cheese taste was determined by using omission tests performed on a reconstituted cheese. These omission tests showed that cheese taste resulted mainly from the gustatory properties of water-soluble molecules but was modulated by a matrix effect d…

Impact of volatile odorants and high molecular weight compounds on the caramel aroma perception

Poster (1 page); International audience

Caramel odor: Contribution of volatile compounds according to their odor qualities to caramel typicality

Abstract Odor of food constitutes one of the main drivers of the consumers' acceptance. Its characterization thus represents a main challenge for the food industry. Gas chromatography/olfactometry (GC/O) constitutes an intersection between physico-chemical and sensory studies by using the human nose as a detector to evaluate the odor properties of volatile compounds. As GC/O does not make possible the evaluation of mixture of odorants, we propose an original approach to evaluate the impact of compounds on the typicality of caramel aroma by considering their odor qualities in mixtures. Indeed, the present study relies on the main hypothesis that the qualitative properties are as important as…

(L14) Effect of fat on saliva composition: Relation with human fat sensitivity

Abstract of oral presentation; Fat consumption is described as one of the major reasons for the obesity epidemic. Fat sensitivity may. be one of the causes as a recent study shows that subjects hyposensitive to fat perception have a higher. Body Mass Index value than hypersensitive ones1. Moreover interest on fat perception in the mouth has. grown especially after the discovery of fat taste receptors on the tongue and their possible implications in. fat metabolism. This gives another dimension for fat perception as it was always thought to have only. olfactory and textural characteristics. However, this perception is still unclear and other factors could play. a role in it. During consumpti…

Using food comfortability to compare food's sensory characteristics expectations of elderly people with or without oral health problems

International audience; Food consumption is by far the most important point where food's organoleptic properties can be perceived and can elicit sensory pleasure. Ageing is often accompanied by oral impairments. Those impairments may impact food perception by changing texture perception and the release of flavor components, which have a significant impact on food acceptability. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of oral health on the perception of food comfortability in an elderly population. This was achieved by asking elderly people with a good oral health and elderly people with poor oral health to rate six cereal products and six meat products using a food comfortability q…

Counterbalancing salt reduction with aromas and consequences on sensory acceptability: A study with real cheese

Introduction and objective: Unbalanced diet with an overconsumption of salt contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Several strategies are currently investigated to design low-salt food while maintaining taste and consumer liking. The strategy relying on cross-modal sensory compensation is being tested within the framework of the EU-TeRiFiQ research project. In this context, this study had for aim to examine whether selected aromas could help to maintain salt and fat perception in low-salt real cheese. Methods: Two commercial cheeses, low-salt cheese (LSC) and regular-salt cheese (RSC), were reprocessed by grinding and addition of a sardine aroma associated to salty taste …

Reducing salt and fat while maintaining taste: An approach on a model food system

Unbalanced diets with an excess consumption of fat, salt and low‐size sugars contribute to the development of pathologies such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. As a consequence, worldwide healthcare authorities advocate salt, fat and sugar reduction in food. However, the multifunctional roles of these ingredients in both food composition and perception prevent a simple reduction of their content. Several strategies are currently investigated to design healthier food while maintaining its taste and consumer acceptability. Among these strategies, the one relying on crossmodal sensory compensation is tested within the framework of the EU‐TeRiFiQ research project. The main obj…

La sensibilité à l'astringence en fonction de l'âge est-elle liée aux Protéines Riches en Proline (PRP) de la salive ?

Counterbalancing salt reduction in food using cross-modal interactions

International audience

Multisensory integration as a strategy to compensate for sodium and fat reduction in food

Multisensory integration as a strategy to compensate for sodium and fat reduction in food. Forum Jeunes chercheurs

Perceptual odor blending is influenced by chemical complexity of odorant mixtures

International audience; Perfumers and flavorists are familiar with odor blending phenomenon and often report that a minimum number of odorants has to be mixed for a good odor blend to arise. Previous studies in humans and animals suggested that a configural process could be involved in the perceptual analysis of mixtures of odorants. It has been proposed that the perceptual blending phenomenon corresponds to a configural perception of odorant mixtures. In the present study, we investigated the influence of chemical complexity on the configural perception of odorant mixtures. Six mixtures including 2 to 6 odorants as well as each unmixed odorant were assessed for their odor quality by a pane…

Le confort en bouche, un nouveau concept pour mieux comprendre les attentes des consommateurs seniors

International audience; In humans, oral food intake is the ultimate stage of food supply chain and the beginning of food disintegration and digestion process. During aging, the oral health changes and sometimes eating food can be a real challenge as food can be hard to masticate, humidify or swallow. To meet this challenge, and as part of the AlimaSSenS project, a team of researchers from the Centre of taste and eating behaviour investigated the concept of “oral comfort” when eating a food in an elderly population. A group of 107 seniors aged 65 years and more participated in qualitative (focus group) and quantitative studies (tasting sessions) in order to explore the concept of oral comfor…

Food comfortability: a new concept to understand elderlies' expectations in terms of sensory characteristics

Food comfortability: a new concept to understand elderlies' expectations in terms of sensory characteristics. 7. european conference on sensory and consumer research (eurosense)

Heterogeneous distribution of aroma and salt in food enhances salt perception

In the worldwide context of healthy diet, taste enhancement is essential to maintain low salt food acceptability. Aroma-taste interactions and heterogeneous distribution of tastants were used as strategies for taste enhancement. However, the combination of these two strategies has never been studied. This study investigated the effect of heterogeneous aroma-salt distribution on salty taste enhancement and consumer acceptability of hot snacks. A four-layers cream-based model food was designed with the same total amount of sodium and ham aroma, but their distribution varied in each layer. Low, medium or large contrasts between layers of salt and aroma concentration were used, according to an …

Can saliva composition explain salt perception in cheese?

International audience

Are the odours efficient stimuli for salivation? Impact of the nature of the odorant

International audience

Sensory and Chemical Analysis of Fractions Obtained by Gel Permeation of Water-Soluble Comte Cheese Extracts

The pure water extraction of Comte cheese solubles and their chromatographic separation facilitate sensory analysis experiments with the fractions directly collected from the column. Two extracts, one obtained after ultrafiltration, the other after chromatography on Sephadex G25, have been separated on Toyopearl HW-40S. The sensory evaluation of the obtained fractions shows in the two cases that some fractions have interesting flavors. However, physicochemical analysis shows that organoleptic characteristics are linked more to the presence of amino acids and salts than to the presence of peptides. Apart from monosodium glutamate, most of the amino acids are present in the fractions at conce…

Identification and sensory evaluation of the character-impact compounds of goat cheese flavour

1 SUMMARY The volatile compounds of various goat cheeses have been isolated in order to identify the character-impact odorants by a combination of instrumental analyses and sensory studies. Different extraction procedures have been studied in order to obtain a volatile fraction representative of the cheeses. The most representative extract, as determined by sensory evaluation, has been submitted to GC-MS and to GC-olfactometry, using the aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) method. The volatile fatty acids have been found to be the most important compounds for the characteristic goat flavour. Among them, branched-chain fatty acids ( e.g. , 4-methyloctanoic and 4-ethyloctanoic) have been f…

Mouthcoating: interaction between food properties and physiology of the consumer

International audience

Salt distribution in food influences salt perception

Salt (NaCl) consumption is recognized as an important factor in the rise of hypertension in industrialized countries. Therefore, health authorities recommend a reduction of 20% of salt content (generally salt is present about 0.5 to 2g per 100g of food) in several food products such as ready meals and snacks. However, salt reduction in processed foods induces numerous technical difficulties since salt has a number of functions: preservation, water and fat binding and flavour enhancement. Indeed, salt gives a salty taste that guarantees food palatability. The present study is in line with global research to reduce salt level in foods while maintaining saltiness. The aim is to evaluate the in…

Determination of the taste active compounds of a goat cheese water-soluble extract

International audience

Production of a cheese model for sensory evaluation of flavour compounds

Summary - A cheese model used to perform sensory evaluation of flavour compounds extracted from various cheese varieties was made with caseins, low heat milk powder, deodorized milk fat, NaCI and renne!. Its composition and physicochemical properties were close to mature hard cheese, apart from a lower dry matter content and sodium concentration, and a higher lactose concentration. Its preparation was established in arder to avoid drainage for at least 24 h, which should allow the incorporation of not only sorne lipophilic substances such as aromas but also some water-soluble substances such as amino acids and peptides. The rheological behaviour of the cheese model measured by a compression…

Study of the water-soluble fraction of goat cheese

International audience

Taste active compounds in a goat cheese water-soluble extract 2. Determination of the relative impact of water-soluble extract components on its taste using omission tests

The aim of this work was to determine the relative impact of water-soluble compounds on the gustatory properties of a goat cheese water-soluble extract (WSE). Using a semisynthetic model mixture (MWSE) previously elaborated in physicochemical and gustatory accordance with the cheese WSE (see part 1, Engel et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 4252-4259), omission tests were performed. Among the main taste characteristics of the WSE (salty, sour, and bitter), saltiness was explained by an additive contribution of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium cations, whereas sourness was mainly due to a synergistic effect involving sodium chloride, phosphates, and lactic acid and bitterness was …

Determination of taste-active compounds of a bitter camembert cheese by omission tests

The taste-active compounds of a Camembert cheese selected for its intense bitterness defect were investigated. The water-soluble fraction (WSE) was extracted with pure water and fractionated by successive tangential ultrafiltrations and nanofiltration. The physicochemical assessment of these fractions led to the construction of a model WSE which was compared by sensory evaluation to the crude water-soluble extract, using a panel of 16 trained tasters. As no significant difference was perceived, this model WSE was then used directly or mixed with other cheese components for omission tests. Among the main taste characteristics of the WSE (salty, sour, umami and bitter), bitterness was found t…

Does oral health affect food comfortability and bolus properties during consumption of dairy products in elderly population?

The elderly population is growing increasingly. In 2030, 1/3 of the population will be over 60 years old. However this population has specific nutritional needs and often, oral impairments such as loss of tooth and/or decrease of salivary flow. Therefore it is necessary to develop foods adapted for the elderly, in terms of organoleptic properties and nutritional composition. In this context, the purpose of this work is to study the impact of oral impairments of elderly persons on food comfortability and bolus properties during the consumption of dairy products.76 elderly persons (ages 66 to 88, 42 women and 34 men), with or without oral health problems in terms of dental and/or salivary sta…

Fractionation of the water-soluble extract of a cheese made from goats'milk by filtration methods : behaviour of fat and volatile compounds

International audience

Does oral health affect food comfortability and bolus properties during consumption of dairy products in elderly population?

The elderly population is growing increasingly. In 2030, 1/3 of the population will be over 60 years old. However this population has specific nutritional needs and often, oral impairments such as loss of tooth and/or decrease of salivary flow. Therefore it is necessary to develop foods adapted for the elderly, in terms of organoleptic properties and nutritional composition. In this context, the purpose of this work is to study the impact of oral impairments of elderly persons on food comfortability and bolus properties during the consumption of dairy products.76 elderly persons (ages 66 to 88, 42 women and 34 men), with or without oral health problems in terms of dental and/or salivary sta…

Heterogeneous salt distribution: A way to enhance saltiness without loss of acceptability

Health authorities recommend a drastic reduction of salt content in food products. However, such reduction leads to a decrease in both saltiness and acceptability. In a series of experiments, we investigated a new strategy to compensate for salt reduction in food. We assessed the effect of heterogeneous salt distribution on saltiness enhancement, and food acceptability. First, we examined whether salt distribution could affect sodium perception in a salty baked food. This model food is composed of two layers: a cream-based and a cereal-based layer. Three salt levels were tested within each layer, according to a full factorial design. A panel of consumers (n=87) evaluated saltiness of each f…

Influence of cheese composition on the aroma content, release and perception

L25 Influence of mastication and salivation on salt release during bread consumption and relationships with food bolus formation

National audience

Combined heterogeneous distribution of salt and aroma in food enhances salt perception

Aroma–taste interactions and heterogeneous spatial distribution of tastants were used as strategies for taste enhancement. This study investigated the combination of these two strategies through the effect of heterogeneous salt and aroma distribution on saltiness enhancement and consumer liking for hot snacks. Four-layered cream-based products were designed with the same total amount of sodium and ham aroma but varied in their spatial distribution. Unflavoured products containing the same amount of salt and 35% more salt were used as references. A consumer panel (n = 82) rated the intensity of salty, sweet, sour, bitter and umami tastes as well as ham and cheese aroma intensity for each pro…

The GOHAI: A new tool for panel selection

International audience

Salivary proteome and sensitivity to bitterness

Among the various factors that dictate food choices, the sensorial acceptability and the in-mouth perception of food are essential. For example, bitterness is partly responsible for the rejection of some vegetables by some consumers. In this study, the aim is to evaluate if the salivary environment of an individual plays a role in his sensitivity to bitter taste

Isolation of a peptidic fraction from the goat cheese water-soluble extract by nanofiltration for sensory evaluation studies

Abstract The effect of the small water-soluble peptides on the taste of cheeses has not been clarified yet because of the high difficulties to isolate them from the other water-soluble compounds. A new filtration method, nanofiltration, using ionizable membranes, allowed us to purify a peptidic fraction prepared from the permeate obtained by ultrafiltration (MWCO=1000) of a goat cheese water-soluble extract. A large proportion of mineral salts and a part of amino acids were eliminated from the nanofiltration retentate where a majority of small peptides were concentrated. The peptidic fraction was incorporated in a cheese model with known synergistic effectors such as mineral salts and amino…

Initial dominance of salty taste increases saltiness in heterogeneous food products

In the worldwide context of healthy diet, a reduction of sodium intake is recommended. However, low-salt foods are poorly appreciated by consumers due to flavour drawbacks. Among the various strategies under investigation to compensate for salt reduction at a sensory level, the combination of aroma-taste interactions and tastants heterogeneous distribution is a promising one. This study aimed at examining the effectiveness of such a strategy throughout the full eating experience. To do so, Temporal Dominance of Sensation (TDS) was used to assess the saltiness enhancement in hot model snacks specifically designed to vary in salt and aroma distribution. According to an optimized experimental …

Relationship between composition, sodium release and saltiness in chicken sausage

International audience

Reducing salt and fat while maintaining taste: An approach using cross-modal sensory compensation

Unbalanced diets with an overconsumption of fat, salt and sugars contribute to the development of pathologies. As a consequence, healthcare authorities advocate salt, fat and sugar reduction in food, but this often leads to less tasty products. Several strategies are currently investigated to design healthier food while maintaining taste and consumer liking. The strategy relying on cross-modal sensory compensation is being tested within the framework of the EU-TeRiFiQ research project. The main objective is to evaluate whether an optimisation texture, taste and aroma could help to maintain especially salt or fat perception in low-fat-salt food. Here we set out to examine whether a modificat…

Aroma and salt release and perception in model cheeses are explained by salt/fat contents, microstructure, salt mobility and oral processing

The health authorities recommend a reduction in salt (NaCl) and fat contents of foodstuff. Reducing such components without affecting acceptability is a major challenge, particularly because of the interactions with other ingredients such as aroma compounds. This study consisted in a multimodal approach to understand the effect of changes in composition of model cheeses on the mobility and release of flavour molecules (NaCl, aroma compounds), masticatory behaviour and flavour perception. Six flavoured model cheeses have been formulated (three fat/protein contents, two NaCl contents). The rheological properties were analysed using uniaxial compression tests. Microstructure and homogeneity we…

Identification of tasty compounds of cooked cured ham : physico-chemical and sensory approaches

Abstract Tasty compounds from meat have not been studied in depth. The aim of this work was to isolate, identify and quantify tasty compounds from cooked cured ham and to link them to the sensory evaluations of the fractions from which they are extracted. The extraction of the water-soluble fraction from ham was done by an hydraulic press. The crude extract was ultrafiltered and both gel filtration and nanofiltration allowed to obtain edible fractions. Some links between the physicochemical and sensory data have been found, in particular, the umami taste was related to the presence of IMP and monosodium glutamate. The direct influence of proteolytic peptides on this taste is discussed. More…

Using food comfortability to compare food's sensory characteristics expectations of elderly people with or without oral health problems

Food consumption is by far the most important point where food's organoleptic properties can be perceived and can elicit sensory pleasure. Ageing is often accompanied by oral impairments. Those impairments may impact food perception by changing texture perception and the release of flavor components, which have a significant impact on food acceptability. The present study aimed at evaluating the impact of oral health on the perception of food comfortability in an elderly population. This was achieved by asking elderly people with a good oral health and elderly people with poor oral health to rate six cereal products and six meat products using a food comfortability questionnaire. Thirty-sev…

Kinetics of aroma release and consumer physiology

International audience

Sensitivity to bitterness: may in-mouth proteolysis be involved?

Sensitivity to bitterness: may in-mouth proteolysis be involved?. 9. Pangborn sensory science symposium

The salt and lipid composition of model cheeses modifies in-mouth flavour release and perception related to the free sodium ion content.

Reducing salt and lipid levels in foodstuffs without any effect on acceptability is a major challenge, particularly because of their interactions with other ingredients. This study used a multimodal approach to understand the effects of changes to the composition of model cheeses (20/28, 24/24, 28/20 lipid/protein ratios, 0% and 1% added NaCl) on sodium ion mobility ((23)Na NMR), in-mouth sodium release and flavour perception. An increase in the salt content decreased cheese firmness and perceived hardness, and increased sodium ion mobility, in vivo sodium release and both saltiness and aroma perception. With the same amount of salt, a lower lipid/protein ratio increased the firmness of the…

Combining in vitro and in vivo approaches to model in-mouth flavour release and perception of dairy products

Combining in vitro and in vivo approaches to model in-mouth flavour release and perception of dairy products. 28. EFFOST conference. Innovations in attractive and sustainable food for health

Use of omission tests to evaluate taste-active compounds in food : application to cheese and tomato

International audience

Techniques culinaires et confort en bouche chez la personne âgée

Culinary processes and food comfortability in an older population Aging is often accompanied by oral impairments, including the loss of teeth and a decline in saliva flow. These changes can lead older people to avoid the consumption of foods that are difficult to chew such as meat. This may consequently increase the risk of sarcopenia (loss of muscle mass, strength and performance) as well as the risk of protein-energy undernutrition in this population. In order to compensate the decline in oral health observed in older individual and to maintain meat consumption, we assessed the impact of four culinary processes (cooking bag, tenderizer, marinade and low-temperature cooking) on the percept…

Evaluation of taste compounds in water-soluble extract of goat cheeses

Abstract The water-soluble fractions of two goat cheeses — one denomination of origin commercial trade mark (crottin de Chavignol®) and one bought in a local cheese making establishment (Bouton de culotte®) — containing many taste and flavour molecules were studied. Ultrafiltration with a 1000 Da threshold membrane, followed by gel filtration on Toyopearl HW-40S gel using water as eluent, led to the production of edible fractions. Physicochemical and sensory analysis of these fractions showed that the most tasty fractions contained, essentially, the free amino acids and mineral salts. Some of these tasty fractions also imparted some flavours. The quantity of small peptides (MW

Détermination of taste-active compounds in a bitter camembert cheese and evolution of their impact on taste during ripening

International audience

The development of chewing skills during early infancy: development of specific methods and first characterization

National audience

Heterogeneous salt distribution in hot snacks enhances saltiness without loss of acceptability

clef UT: 000318667000026; International audience; Abstract Health issues have led worldwide organisations to encourage the food industry to reduce salt in processed foods. Therefore, different strategies for salt reduction have been investigated. Here, the effect of heterogeneous salt distribution on saltiness perception intensity was assessed to compensate for salt reduction in snack foods. Two models of hot-served baked foods were developed. One model is made of two layers that vary in composition (cream-based and cereal-based layers) and salt (NaCl) concentration; the other one is made of four cream-based layers that vary in salt concentrations. Consumer panels rated the saltiness intens…

Does oral health people imparirments modify bolus formation, bolus characteristics and food comfortability of meat products?

International audience; Ageing is often accompanied by oral impairments like tooth loss or decrease saliva flow that play a key role in eating behavior. In the context of aging population, the aim of this study is 1- to understand the influence of dental status and salivary flow on the meat bolus formation and characteristics in function of meat structure, 2- to investigate the link between the food bolus properties and the food comfortability (as defined by (Vandenbergue-Descamps et al., 2017)) during meat consumption. This was achieved by asking elderly people (n=65) with good oral health (17H, 16F, age=73±6, UFP n=8±1) or poor oral health (15H, 17F, age=75±6, UFP n=3±1) to consume 4 meat…

ALIMADENT : un projet de recherche participatif pour développer des recettes adaptées aux capacités bucco-dentaires des personnes âgées

Study of water-soluble fraction of goat cheeses

National audience

Effects of fat on saliva composition: Relation with human fat sensitivity

Effects of fat on saliva composition: Relation with human fat sensitivity. Forum Jeunes chercheurs

Can the odours modulate salivation? Impact of the nature of the odorant

Introduction :Saliva plays numerous roles in the oral cavity, especially in digestion and taste perception. It is well admitted that tastants are effective stimuli of salivation and that the salivary response (flow and composition) depends on the nature of the tastant. However, the impact of odours on salivation is poorly known and not consensual. Odours are the first chemical signal informing about food palatability before ingestion. In this context, it is necessary to understand if the salivary secretions are modulated in function of this sensory signal. The aim of this study is to compare the salivary flow response after stimulation by different odours having different hedonic values.Mat…